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151.
Ocasio Manuel A. Lozano Alyssa Lee Tae Kyoung Feaster Daniel J. Carrico Adam Prado Guillermo 《Prevention science》2022,23(1):119-129
Prevention Science - Despite the availability of efficacious and effective family-based interventions, such interventions are scarce for sexual minority adolescents, particularly among... 相似文献
152.
Adam Brewczyski Beata Jaboska Sawomir Mrowiec Krzysztof Skadowski Tomasz Rutkowski 《Nutrients》2021,13(1)
Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), including oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). It is caused by insufficient food intake due to dysphagia, odynophagia, and a lack of appetite caused by the tumor. It is also secondary to the oncological treatment of the basic disease, such as radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT), as a consequence of mucositis with the dry mouth, loss of taste, and dysphagia. The severe dysphagia leads to a definitive total impossibility of eating through the mouth in 20–30% of patients. These patients usually require enteral nutritional support. Feeding tubes are a commonly used nutritional intervention during radiotherapy, most frequently percutaneous gastrostomy tube. Recently, a novel HPV-related type of OPC has been described. Patients with HPV-associated OPC are different from the HPV− ones. Typical HPV− OPC is associated with smoking and alcohol abuse. Patients with HPV+ OPC are younger and healthy (without comorbidities) at diagnosis compared to HPV− ones. Patients with OPC are at high nutritional risk, and therefore, they require nutritional support in order to improve the treatment results and quality of life. Some authors noted the high incidence of critical weight loss (CWL) in patients with HPV-related OPC. Other authors have observed the increased acute toxicities during oncological treatment in HPV+ OPC patients compared to HPV− ones. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the indications for nutritional support and the kinds of nutrition, including immunonutrition (IN), in HNC, particularly OPC patients, undergoing RT/CRT, considering HPV status. 相似文献
153.
This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments. 相似文献
154.
155.
Sarah A. Collier Li Deng Elizabeth A. Adam Katharine M. Benedict Elizabeth M. Beshearse Anna J. Blackstock Beau B. Bruce Gordana Derado Chris Edens Kathleen E. Fullerton Julia W. Gargano Aimee L. Geissler Aron J. Hall Arie H. Havelaar Vincent R. Hill Robert M. Hoekstra Sujan C. Reddy Elaine Scallan Erin K. Stokes Jonathan S. Yoder Michael J. Beach 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(1):140
Provision of safe drinking water in the United States is a great public health achievement. However, new waterborne disease challenges have emerged (e.g., aging infrastructure, chlorine-tolerant and biofilm-related pathogens, increased recreational water use). Comprehensive estimates of the health burden for all water exposure routes (ingestion, contact, inhalation) and sources (drinking, recreational, environmental) are needed. We estimated total illnesses, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct healthcare costs for 17 waterborne infectious diseases. About 7.15 million waterborne illnesses occur annually (95% credible interval [CrI] 3.88 million–12.0 million), results in 601,000 ED visits (95% CrI 364,000–866,000), 118,000 hospitalizations (95% CrI 86,800–150,000), and 6,630 deaths (95% CrI 4,520–8,870) and incurring US $3.33 billion (95% CrI 1.37 billion–8.77 billion) in direct healthcare costs. Otitis externa and norovirus infection were the most common illnesses. Most hospitalizations and deaths were caused by biofilm-associated pathogens (nontuberculous mycobacteria, Pseudomonas, Legionella), costing US $2.39 billion annually. 相似文献
156.
Benjamin C. Fu Fred K. Tabung Claire H. Pernar Weike Wang Amparo G. Gonzalez-Feliciano Ilkania M. Chowdhury-Paulino Steven K. Clinton Edmund Folefac Mingyang Song Adam S. Kibel Edward L. Giovannucci Lorelei A. Mucci 《European urology》2021,79(3):405-412
BackgroundHyperinsulinemia and inflammation are inter-related pathways that link diet with the risk of several chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that these pathways may also increase prostate cancer risk.ObjectiveTo determine whether hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet are associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality.Design, setting, and participantsWe prospectively followed 41 209 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2014). Scores for two validated dietary patterns were calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline and updated every 4 yr.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisTotal, advanced, and lethal prostate cancer outcomes were assessed. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for associations between two empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns—empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern—and prostate cancer risk estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.Results and limitationsDuring 28 yr of follow-up, 5929 incident cases of total prostate cancer, including 1019 advanced and 667 fatal, were documented. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was a 7% higher risk of advanced prostate cancer (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01–1.15) and a 9% higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00–1.18) per standard deviation (SD) increase in the hyperinsulinemic diet. When stratified by age, the hyperinsulinemic diet was associated with only earlier-onset aggressive prostate cancer (men under 65 yr), with per SD HRs of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06–1.35) for advanced, 1.22 (1.04–1.42) for fatal, and 1.20 (1.04–1.38) for lethal. The inflammatory diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk in the overall study population, but was associated with earlier-onset lethal prostate cancer (per SD increase HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00–1.35).ConclusionsHyperinsulinemia and inflammation may be potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly earlier-onset disease.Patient summaryAvoiding inflammatory and hyperinsulinemic dietary patterns may be beneficial for the prevention of clinically relevant prostate cancer, especially among younger men. 相似文献
157.
158.
Alaoui-Ismaili Adam Krogager M. E. Jakola A. S. Poulsgaard L. Couldwell W. Mathiesen T. 《Neurosurgical review》2021,44(3):1675-1685
Neurosurgical Review - The study aims to systematize neurosurgeons’ practical knowledge of venous sacrifice as applied to the posterior fossa region and to analyze the collected data to... 相似文献
159.
Beighley Adam Glynn Ryan Scullen Tyler Mathkour Mansour Werner Cassidy Berry John F. Carr Christopher Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam Aysenne Aimee Nerva John D. Dumont Aaron S. 《Neurosurgical review》2021,44(5):2511-2522
Neurosurgical Review - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an emergent condition requiring rapid intervention and prolonged monitoring. There are few recommendations regarding the... 相似文献
160.
Adam Kwapisz 《Arthroscopy》2021,37(1):59-60
The first national medical database registry was started in Sweden in 1975, and clinical registries have gained enormous popularity. Analysis of a large database of rotator cuff repair surgeries shows that adverse events may occur in almost 1 of 5 cases, showing the use of a register as a highly beneficial source of information. However, retrospective review of prospectively collected registry data has limitations and biases as well as benefits, including inconsistent reporting and recording of data, lack of control of confounding patient variables, and loss to follow-up. 相似文献