高效液相色谱法测定炎痛净乳膏中双氯芬酸钠和苯佐卡因的含量

目的：测定炎痛净乳膏中双氯芬酸钠和苯佐卡因的含量。方法：高效液想象以谱法，甲醇为提取溶剂，地西泮为内标，No-va-PakC18色谱柱，甲醇-水-冰醋酸（80：20：0.5)为流动相，检测波长为283nm。结果：双氯芬酸钠和苯佐卡因在5μg/ml-40μg/ml范围内，其浓度与峰面积均呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999)，平均回收率分别为101.0%,RSD=1.21%,99.8%,RSD=0.62%。结论：本法专属性强，操作简便，结果准确。     

Factors determining recovery during nutritional therapy of persistent diarrhoea: the impact of diarrhoea severity and intercurrent infections

Abstract The recovery pattern and outcome were analysed in 261 consecutive children (age 6–36 months) with persistent diarrhoea who underwent inpatient nutritional rehabilitation with a rice-lentil (Khitchri) and yoghurt-based diet. Overall. 217 (83%) recovered successfully, as judged by a reduction in stool output and weight gain for a consecutive 3 d. Failures were more commonly febrile at admission [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.8] and a greater number had culture-proven sepsis (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified significantly increased risk of treatment failure with several admission characteristics, including stool frequency > 5 d^-1 (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.2), vomiting (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.7) and sepsis (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.5). Survival analysis revealed significantly longer time-to-recovery among children with stool frequency > 5 d^-1 at admission ( p < 0.001), suspected sepsis necessitating intravenous antibiotics ( p < 0.001) or oral candidiasis ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest that severity of diarrhoea and coexisting systemic infections are key determinants of the response to nutritional therapy in children with persistent diarrhoea.     

Effect of electrophilic and nucleophilic substituents on the protonation microequilibria of tyrosine derivatives

The microscopic protonation constants of 10 tyrosine-like, unusual amino acids used in the syntheses of opioid peptides have been determined by using a combined pH-metric-spectrophotometric method, at 0.10 mol dm ^?3 (NaCl) ionic strength and 25.0°. The role of the different electrophilic and nucleophilic substituents on the individual basicity of the aliphatic amine and phenolic hydroxylate basic centers is discussed in detail. The interactivity parameters between these two groups correlate fairly well with the structure of the skeleton and the distance between the two basic centers, but they were found to be substituent-independent. This finding made it possible to extend the calculations to compounds having non-overlapping protonation equilibria.     

青藏铁路那曲段草场鼠类群落结构调查

目的为预防害鼠随青藏铁路出入西藏自治区（西藏）,并造成对西藏和内地的危害,防止鼠疫等鼠传疾病随铁路流行,对青藏铁路沿线那曲段草场鼠类群落组成及密度进行调查。方法在青藏铁路沿线的那曲、安多县和附近的班戈、聂荣、比如及嘉黎县草场,安多县河川草地及那曲县香茂乡青藏铁路护坡和农舍采用夹日法调查。结果草场共收回有效夹1828夹,捕鼠145只,另53只鼠残体,捕获率为10．83％,其中捕获鼠2种,加上河川草地捕获鼠2种,及观察到鼠1种,草场以高原鼠兔为优势种,另有少量的长尾仓鼠、白尾松田鼠和喜马拉雅旱獭;铁路护坡捕获高原鼠兔1种,另有1只鼠残体;农舍布放有效夹286夹,捕鼠20只,在青藏铁路沿线的农舍以小家鼠和白尾松田鼠为主要害鼠。草场捕获率以7月那曲县为最高,达30．32％。结论青藏铁路那曲段草场以高原鼠兔为优势种,青藏铁路沿线的那曲县香茂乡农舍以小家鼠为优势种;未发现褐家鼠和黄胸鼠分布,但需要加强监控;鼠密度高的地方需要治理。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tamarix ramosissima.

The ethylacetate and water-acetone extracts of Tamarix ramosissima were screened for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and DNA damaging activities through in vitro experiments. All fractions as well as precipitates showed significant antioxidant activity. A known compound tamarixetin (1) was isolated which showed significant DNA damaging activity in mutant yeast bioassay. Results revealed that antioxidant and antibacterial activities were associated with the presence of polyphenolic substances.     

西藏那曲冬虫夏草无形型的研究

目的 :分离鉴定西藏那曲冬虫夏草无性型真菌。方法 :采用子囊孢子、织、僵虫、体液分离的方法从巴青、索县、比如 3县分离冬虫夏草无性型菌株。结果 :采用 4种方法获得了性状特证与中国被毛孢相同的无性型菌株。结论 :中国被毛孢是西藏那曲冬虫夏草的无性型。     

HTK保护液对尸肾移植器官的影响

近期出版的第5期美国移植杂志(American Journal of Transplantation)报道了两项关于比较HTK和UW保护液对尸肾移植物预后的影响的研究结果,来自美国UNOS数据库和内布拉斯加医学中心大学的数据均显示HTK液对尸肾肾移植后移植肾的早期功能恢复不利.     

酶联免疫吸附试验中影响全自动加样系统加样准确性的因素分析

目的探讨酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)中使用不同容量加样针和分液高度,对全自动加样系统加样准确度和精密度的影响。方法选取10μL和100μL两种加样量,每种加样量分4个小组进行实验,分别使用不同容量(400μL和800μL)的加样针和不同分液高度(浸润和未浸润)加样,计算每组的最终加样量、均值相对误差(E)和变异系数(CV),与实际工作标准进行比较。结果10μL加样E在-37.9%~-2.8%,CV在3.29%~14.49%;100μL加样E在-1.9%~0.8%,CV在0.44%~0.95%。结论不同容量加样针和分液高度对10μL加样影响较为明显,对100μL加样影响较小,在使用全自动加样系统进行ELISA时,应当选择适当容量的加样针和分液高度。     

周围神经选择性切断治疗脑瘫性下肢痉挛

目的探讨周围神经选择性切断治疗脑瘫性下肢痉挛的效果。方法对380例脑瘫性下肢痉挛患者,根据痉挛部位不同,选择相应周围神经(包括腰骶段脊神经后根、坐骨神经、闭孔神经和胫神经)部分切断。结果术后痉挛缓解率100%,其中82例患者肌力下降,142例患者出现肢体麻木、感觉减退,随访期间均见好转。术后随访6个月～3年,随访期间痉挛缓解率为95%。95%患者行走步态好转。结论周围神经选择性切断术对治疗脑瘫性下肢痉挛是安全、有效的。     

Plasma lipoproteins in visceral leishmaniasis and their effect on Leishmania‐infected macrophages

This work aimed at investigating the lipid profile of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients’ sera and the effect of lipoproteins on the in vitro production of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐12 by Leishmania infantum‐infected and uninfected macrophages. Lipids were quantified in 26 VL patients’ sera and 26 healthy controls from a VL endemic area. The patients’ sera had higher triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, and much lower apolipoprotein A1, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than the control sera. Lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation of sera. The addition of LDL and HDL to Leishmania‐infected and uninfected macrophages, in physiological concentrations, enhanced the production of IL‐6 and IL‐10, but not of IL‐12. LDL stimulated the production of TNF‐α only in infected macrophages, whereas HDL stimulated the production of lower amounts of TNF‐α in both infected and uninfected macrophages. VLDL stimulated only the production of IL‐10. It is proposed herein that LDL may influence the development of VL by promoting the production of TNF‐α by infected macrophages. A decrease in plasma LDL in some VL patients (to 20 mg/mL or less); however, would tend to reduce the production of TNF‐α and therefore to limit the development of immune‐mediated pathology, not withstanding the fact that it would perhaps increase the permissiveness of macrophages to Leishmania growth.