胸腹痛在主动脉夹层诊断中作用的探讨

主动脉夹层 (ａｏｒｔｉｃｄｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＡＤ)是主动脉腔内的血流通过内膜破裂口进入主动脉壁中层而形成的血肿。本病发病急 ,漏诊、误诊率高 ,病死率也高 ,且发病率有逐年增高的趋势 ,是一种急性、灾难性疾病 ,快速诊断是关键。为提高对本病的认识 ,了解疼痛在ＡＤ诊断中的作用 ,回顾性分析了广东省人民医院心脏病研究所自 1992年 1月至 1999年 12月共 10 0例ＡＤ病人病史资料。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 10 0例ＡＤ病人中男 82例 ,女 18例 ;中位年龄 5 7 5岁。按Ｄｅｂａｋｅｙ分型 :Ⅰ型 2 5例 ,Ⅱ型 14例 ,Ⅲ型 61例。有高血…     

起搏治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的长期疗效

目的 评价起搏治疗对梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,OHCM）左心室流出道梗阻及临床症状的长期疗效。方法 25例OHCM患者接受起搏治疗,临床随访12个月,观察临床症状体征;采用超声心动图观察起搏前后室间隔厚度（interventricular septum thickness,IVS）、左心室后壁厚度（left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPW）、左心室舒张末内径（left ventricular end diastolic dimension,LVEDd）、左心室收缩末内径（left ventricular end systolic dimension,LVEDs）、左心房内径（left atrial dimension,LAD）、跨左心室流出道压力阶差（left ventricular outflow tract gradient,LVOTG）、及二尖瓣前向运动程度（mitral valve systolic anterior motion,SAM）、二尖瓣反流面积（mitral valve area,MVA）的变化。结果 OHCM 25例,植入双腔生理性起搏器（DDD）21例,占84%,单腔抑制频率调节起搏（SSIR）4例,占16%。起搏治疗12个月后,临床症状明显改善,15例晕厥发作术后症状完全消失,劳力性呼吸困难、胸痛改善分别占82.6%和75.0%,LVOTG显著下降,从术前（90±24）mmHg降至术后（37±13）mmHg（P〈0.01）,IVS、LAD、MVA减少,SAM运动明显改善,其他指标差异无统计学意义。结论 起搏治疗对OHCM长期临床效果满意。     

选择性部位起搏对左室收缩同步性的影响

目的 应用二维斑点追踪成像超声技术,通过计算起搏后左室各节段收缩时间的差异,比较右室心尖(RVA)起搏与右室流出道(RVOT)间隔起搏时对左室收缩同步性的影响.方法 入选符合起搏器植入适应证的患者60例,随机分为RVA组30例,RVOT组30例.RVA组患者右室电极植于右室心尖部,RVOT组患者右室电极植于右室流出道间隔部.所有患者术后程控心室电极100％起搏,应用二维斑点追踪成像技术,测量左室径向应变达峰时间的差异.结果 RVA组起搏后,左室6节段径向应变达峰时间的最大差、标准差分别为105.27士19.74 ms、42.71±17.63 ms;RVOT组起搏后6节段径向应变达峰时间的最大差、标准差分别为41.65±-12.17 ms、17.63±5.62 ms,两组比较各指标均有差异(P＜0.01).结论 RVOT间隔部起搏后的左室收缩同步性优于RVA起搏.     

心动过速性心肌病──附6例报道

本文观察了6例心动过速性心肌病（Tachycardia－inducedCardiomyopathy），分别于射频消融术前、术后3、6个月通过超声检查测量心脏腔室大小和心功能。发现6例病者术前心脏部分或全部的腔室有轻-中度扩大，左室射血分数有轻-中度降低，而术后3个月检查心脏扩大的腔室明显缩小，左室射血分数显著恢复，至6个月时各项指标基本恢复正常。文章讨论了心动过速心肌病的临床特点和转归情况。     

射频消融术治疗三尖瓣下移畸形并房室折返性心动过速射频消融术治疗三尖瓣下移畸形并房室折返性心动过速

８例三尖瓣下移畸形并右侧旁路患者行射频消融，平均室上速发作病史１１年。成功消融７例共８条旁束。结果表明：射频消融术前先行右室造影有利于消融靶点定位，射频消融术是治疗三尖瓣下移畸形并房室折返性心动过速安全、有效的方法。     

Cardioprotective effects of trimetazidine on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block

Background The effects of trimetazidine on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and left bundle branch block(LBBB) are not clear. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with DCM, LBBB and heart dysfunction(35% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45%) were randomly allocated to heart failure therapy plus trimetazidine group(20 mg three times a day; 30 patients) or heart failure therapy alone group(30 patients). During follow-up of 6months, QRS morphology, plasma NT-proBNP, 6-minute walk test(6MWT) and echocardiographic indexes were measured. Results At the 6th month, a significant functional improvement was noted in patients receiving trimetazidine added to heart failure treatment. In patients from the trimetazidine group, an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was noted(from 38 ± 5.5% to 47 ± 7.1%, P = 0.020). The increase of LVEF in the trimetazidine group was associated with a more significant reduction of the left ventricular endsystolic diameter(LVESD) compared with the control group at 6-month follow-up. The NT-pro BNP levels decreased significantly in the trimetazidine group(3.11 ± 0.47 at baseline and 2.77 ± 0.45 at 6-month followup, P 0.01) and the 6MWT increased significantly in the trimetazidine group(325 ± 44 m at baseline and419 ± 56 m at 6-month follow-up, P 0.01). The differences in NT-pro BNP levels(2.77 ± 0.45 vs 2.96 ±0.46, P = 0.036) and 6MWT(419 ± 56 m vs 366 ± 54 m, P = 0.032) between the two groups were significant at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Trimetazidine can improve LV function caused by DCM and LBBB. The positive effects of trimetazidine on LV function are especially evident in patients with optimization of drug therapy for heart failure, which strongly suggests an additive effect of these therapy modalities.     

Radiofrequency Ablation Mapping with Circumferential Catheter for Paroxys- mal Atrial Fibrillation Originating From the Pulmonary Veins

Objectives To assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of electrophysiological mapping of pulmonary veins with a circumferential 10 - electrode catheter and radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Background Standard mapping and ablation of focal sources of atrial fibrillation are associated with very long procedure times and low efficacy. Mapping and ablation pulmonary veins guide with a circular catheter could overcome these limitations. Methods 16 patients [male 11, female 5, mean age (51 ±14. 5) years] with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs were included in this group. A circumferential 10 - electrode catheter was used to pulmonary vein mapping during sinus rhythm or CSd pacing to determine the origin of atrial premature contractions. When the ablative target pulmonary vein was found, the pulmonary vein potentials' distribution and activation were assessment pulmonary veins' ostial ablation was performed at the seg     

埋藏式心脏复律除颤器在Brugada综合征中的应用

目的观察埋藏式心脏复律除颤器(implanted cardioverter-defibrillators,ICD)在治疗Brugada综合征中的作用。方法对2005年1月至2009年12月在广东省人民医院确诊Brugada综合征的11例患者植入ICD后的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果植入ICD进行一级预防的患者4例(36.36%),临床表现为持续性室性心动过速或心室颤动的二级预防的患者7例(63.64%)。起搏模式:6例(54.55%)单腔ICD,5例(45.45%)双腔ICD。所有患者术中测试ICD的起搏参数并诱发心室颤动,采用20 J一次电击复律成功。随访(17.0±12.7)个月,无漏访。一级预防组和二级预防组发生恶性室性心律失常的患者分别为2例和3例;两组室性心动过速发作阵次比例[80%(4/5)vs.90.3%(28/31),P>0.05]和心室颤动发作阵次比例[20%(1/5)vs.9.6%(3/31),P>0.05]比较,差异无统计学意义;两组抗心动过速起搏成功率[75%(3/4)vs.96%(24/25),P>0.05]及除颤治疗成功率[100%(2/2)vs.100%(4/4),P>0.05]比较,差异无统计学意义。术中及术后未见植入ICD相关并发症。结论对Brugada综合征患者植入ICD预防心脏性猝死是安全有效的。     

房间隔缺损修补术后房性心律失常的射频消融治疗（附1例报告）

先天性心脏病外科手术后可发生多种心律失常,包括心房扑动(房扑)、房性心动过速(房速)、室性心动过速等,药物治疗效果欠佳[1,2]。笔者成功为1例房间隔缺损(ASD)修补术后房扑、房速患者进行了射频消融,现报道如下。 资料与方法 1．临床资料患者女性,34岁,因活动后心悸、气促、     

应用三维电磁导管标测系统与常规方法指导射频消融治疗房性快速心律失常的对比研究

目的三维电磁导管标测（即Carto）系统可三维显示心脏解剖结构。通过其与常规X线透视下标测和射频消融房性快速心律失常的比较,评价其临床应用价值。方法共27例房性快速心律失常患者。常规方法组15例,行常规X线下标测和消融;Carto组12例,在房性心动过速(房速)或心房扑动(房扑)持续发作时,应用Carto系统在相关心房标测,实时重建心腔三维电解剖图,设计消融路标射频放电。比较两组的成功率、手术时间、曝光时间及并发症和随访结果。结果常规方法组15例中,9例右房房速,6例典型房扑,13例即时消融成功。Carto组12例中,房速和房扑各6例,均即时消融成功;其中2例为先天性心脏病外科术后,1例左房房扑,1例左房房速。常规方法组中2例消融不成功,1例为法乐三联症术后房速,另1例希氏束旁自律性房速,后改用Carto系统标测再次手术消融成功。两组间比较,Carto组较常规方法组手术时间延长［(236±53)min与（179±67）min,P<0.05］,曝光时间大为缩短［(16±7)min与（37±19）min,P<0.01］。两组均无并发症。随访4～8个月,Carto组中1例左房房速复发,再次消融成功。结论本研究显示,应用Carto系统标测和消融房速和房扑等房性快速心律失常安全有效,较常规方法定位准确可靠、明显缩短曝光时间,且有定位记忆功能,尤其是在复杂的心动过速,简化标测,有助于准确定位靶点和判断线性损伤的连续性。