未成年人自杀现象特征及其危机干预

目的：探讨未成年人自杀现象的现状、特征、影响因素等方面问题，提出预防对策。方法：检索中国期刊全文数据库的相关论文和新闻媒体的有关报道，查阅相关文献，对检索到的相关信息进行综合分析阐述。结果：自杀已成为未成年人死亡的第一位因素；未成年人自杀具有自杀原因多元化、自杀方式多样化、自杀与精神和心理障碍关系密切等特点；心理因素是未成年人自杀的重要因素。结论：加强未成年人的生命观教育。加强未成年人的心理健康教育和心理康复，完善未成年人自杀的预防措施，建构未成年人自杀危机干预体系，可以有效预防未成年人自杀。     

三维电解剖标测指导疑难右侧游离壁旁路的导管消融

Objective To demonstrate the electroanatomic substrates of right-sided free wall (RFW)accessory pathways (APs) which were refractory to conventional catheter ablation utilizing three-dimensional (3D) mapping. Methods Seventeen patients with RFW APs that failed initial conventional catheter ablation(s)by a mean of 1～3(1.8±0.6) attempts were enrolled in the study. Electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium was performed during right ventricular pacing in 14 patients and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in 3patients. Radiofrequency energy was delivered via irrigation catheter to the earliest atrial activation site. Results The earliest atrial activation site, which represented the atrial insertion of the APs, was separated from the tricuspid annulus by an average of 9 ～ 20 ( 13.6 ± 3.4 ) mm, and the local activation time was 18 ～ 80(31.5±16.3) ms earlier than that of the corresponding annular point. The target electrogram demonstrated AP potential in fourteen patients and ventriculoatrial fusion in the rest three. Accessory pathway was blocked in one case during moving the catheter and RF ablation delivery on the areas. One patient exhibited an AP with wide branching on the atrial side during mapping. RF ablation with an irrigated catheter successfully interrupted AP conduction in remaining 16 patients without complications. After a mean follow-up of 3 ～ 41 (18.6±12.7) months, there were no recurrences of ventricular preexcitation or episodes of tachycardia. Conclusion RFW APs refractory to conventional catheter ablation might be due to unique anatomic AP features such as more epicardial course at the annulus level with atrial insertion distance from the tricuspid annulus. Electroanatomic mapping is helpful to accurately localize the atrial insertion sites of these APs and facilitates catheter ablation.     

碎裂QRS波在致心律失常性右心室心肌病诊断中的价值

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of fragmented QRS complex (fQRS)in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods Forty-three patients [33 men, aged (40. 4 ± 13.9)years]meet the ISFC/ESC diagnostic criteria for ARVC were enrolled in this study. A standard twelve-lead electrocardiogram was obtained during the resting status. Characteristics of fQRS were detailedly studied by three doctors independently. A comparison of the prevalence among fQRS, epsilon wave and T wave inversion( TWI )in the right precordial leads exceeding V3 was done. Results Most fQRS could be found in the inferior leads (44. 3% ) and the right precordial leads (24. 2% ). Within the QRS complex, the prevalence of fQRS in the R wave was significantly higher than it in the S wave(58. 4% vs 32. 9% ,Z =4. 30,P ＜0. 01 ).fQRS could be found in a total of 31 of 43 cases( mean 4. 6 ± 1.7 ( range 2 to 9) per patient). The prevalence of fQRS was significantly higher than that of epsilon wave ( 73.8% vs 30. 2%, Z = 3.67, P ＜ 0. 01 ) and TWI (73.8% vs41.9% ,Z =2. 61 ,P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion fQRS was a common electrocardiographic abnormality,and most was found in the inferior and right precardial leads in patients with ARVC. It may be used as an important noninvasive preliminary screening electrocardiographic criteria.     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的特发性加速性室性自主心律

目的 介绍起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的特发性加速性室性自主心律,揭示其临床特征并探讨可能的电生理机制.方法 回顾分析4例特发性加速性室性自主心律患者的心电图形态特征、临床表现、治疗方法及预后.结果 4例患者,男性2例,平均年龄48(40～54)岁,均无器质性心脏病.室性自主心律均呈右束支阻滞型,其QRS时限0.11～0.13 s,符合左侧希氏-浦肯野系统起源,其中3例电轴右偏,1例电轴左偏.自主心律RR间期不规则,平均频率为87(55～110)次/min,与窦性心律交替出现.所有患者临床均表现为发作性心悸.1例患者室性自主心律在短期服用普罗帕酮后消失,另1例短期服用维拉帕米后消失,余2例未予以特殊处理后自然消退.平均随访4.5(2～8)年,临床无心律失常发作,亦无其他心血管事件发生.结论 起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的加速性室性自主心律是左侧希氏-浦肯野系统特发性室性心律失常的一种表现形式,多数为自限性,临床呈良性经过.     

心房颤动的碎裂电位消融

外科迷宫术治疗房颤的成功给电生理医师带来了曙光,但经过了多年的艰辛探索与不懈努力,经历了最初的困惑和迷茫后,在1998年由法国著名电生理学家Haissaguerre等[1]具有里程碑意义的开创性发现的基础上(肺静脉触发阵发性房颤),房颤的射频消融才真正拉开了序幕.自此,消融治疗房颤进入飞速发展的阶段.其治疗理念不断取得突破性的进展,治疗模式也渐趋成熟,从最初的点状消融,到节段性肺静脉隔离,以至主流术式之一的肺静脉前庭隔离;其术式渐趋稳定,成功率也越来越高.然而,2004年Nademanee等[2]另辟蹊径,提出针对房颤基质-碎裂电位(CFAEs)的射频消融术式.     

特殊类型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理机制及 …

报道２例特殊类型的房室结折性心动过速，１例为慢慢型ＡＶＮＲＴ伴起始部多径路逆传；１．例为两种没电生理鹅的慢径交替前传，快径逆传构成的ＡＶＮＲＴ。电生理检查均提示房室结三径路。２例病人均于冠状静脉穿口上方消融慢径改良室结成功，心动过速不再被诱发。     

非接触心内膜球囊标测系统指导瘢痕相关性室性心动过速标测和消融

目的 运用非接触心力膜球囊标测系统（EnSite3000系统）对瘢痕相关性室性心动过速（室速）进行心内膜标测，探讨瘢痕相关性室速电生理机制。标测和消融。方法 运用非开胸法建立心肌梗死后持续性单形性室速猎模型4只；同时选取致心律失常性右室心肌病（ARVC）合并室速患者2例，于左心室或左，右心室内各置入-EnSite3000球囊，分别构建左和（或）右心室的三维几何模型。确定心内膜瘢痕组织的部位，范围和边界，分析单形性室速的激动顺序，关键部位和折返环路及与瘢痕组织的关系，并制定消融策略指导消融。结果 （1）EnSite3000系统准确标测出4只猪左心室心梗后瘢痕组织，其部位，大小及边缘等均与病理一致。4只猪共诱发出8种形态的单形性室速，系统标测出2种室速为左心室典型的“8”字形折返途径，1种室速最早激动点位于左心室前侧壁瘢痕边缘。通过双心室球囊放置准确标测到2只猪5种形态室速在双心室内的激动路径，所有室速的关键位点均在瘢痕组织边缘或其中，6种室速位于左室，2种室速位于右室，可成功释放电流的3种室速消融有效，1种室速线性消融失败；4种室速因放电仅几秒钟即出现凡室颤动，且反复出现，使消融难以完成因而未获成功。（2）2例ARVC患者的右心室流出道处均可标测到类似瘢痕组织的低电压区，1例患者诱发出2种类型的折返性室速，均消融成功，随访4个月无室速发作；另1例患者2种室速，消融失败后置入心脏复律除颤器。结论 EnSite3000系统能准确标测到常规方法无法标测的室速相关性低电压区或瘢痕区域，确定瘢痕相关性室速的机制和关键位点，并精确导航，有助于提高瘢痕相关性室速的消融成功率，为此类室速的消融提供了较好的标测手段。如能结合消融方法和能源的改善，可望进一步提高这类室速的消融成功率。     

预激综合征合并阵发性室上性心动过速家系调查及临床研究

目的探讨预激综合征合并阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）的家族性及临床特点。方法对一个预激综合征合并PSVT的家系进行调查，并对其中3例患者进行心内电生理检查和射频消融术，同时观察其临床特点。结果该家系4代30例家系成员中有2代成员4人患病，均为女性，3例为左侧旁道，临床特点及射频消融治疗效果与散发性一致。结论家族性预激综合征合并PSVT为常染色体显性遗传性疾病，可外显不全或延迟外显。临床及心电图表现和治疗效果与散发性相同。