酮咯酸口腔局部镇痛作用的实验和临床研究

目的　探讨酮咯酸的局部镇痛作用。方法　动物实验采用兔齿髓刺激法和小鼠福尔马林实验 ,临床疼痛评定采用视觉模拟评分法。结果　齿髓内注射酮咯酸氨丁三醇(KT) 15 0 μg/kg·只 -1能显著提高兔齿髓电刺激的痛阈而静注无效 ;小鼠左上唇scKT 1 6mg·kg-1能明显抑制该部位sc福尔马林的疼痛反应 ,但对对侧 (右上唇 )sc福尔马林所致的疼痛反应无效。临床小剂量KT口腔患处敷极显著降低患者的疼痛分值。结论　酮咯酸具有局部镇痛作用 ,可用于口腔疼痛的治疗     

黄蜀葵总黄酮对心脑缺氧损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究黄蜀葵总黄酮 (TFA)对心脑缺氧性损伤的保护作用。方法 :小鼠心脑缺氧模型分别采用断头和挟闭气管术制备 ,一氧化氮 (NO)含量用 green法测定 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量用 TAB法测定 ,结果 :TFA2 0、40、80 mg.kg-1显著延长挟闭气管后小鼠心电图的时间和断头后喘气时间 ,并呈量效关系 ,在 2 0～ 80 mg.kg-1范围内 ,黄蜀葵总黄酮显著降低心脑组织中 MDA和 NO含量。结论 :TFA对心脑缺氧有显著保护作用 ,其作用可能与抗自由基及减少 NO有关     

超声引导经皮肝穿射频治疗肝癌11例体会

目的　评价超声引导下经皮肝穿射频治疗在肝癌的应用。方法　对 11例肝癌患者使用具有 10个钛针探头的射频治疗仪 ,在B型超声引导下经皮直接穿入肝脏肿瘤体内 ,对瘤体进行分点 1次或多次射频治疗 ,术后观察患者的自觉症状、甲胎球蛋白 (AFP)、声像图及肝功能的变化。结果　射频治疗后 3～ 10个月随访 ,3个月内全部患者自觉症状都有不同程度好转或消失。其中 ,8例AFP增高者治疗后有 5例明显下降至正常或接近正常 ;B型超声、CT复查 4例瘤块完全消失 ,3例瘤块明显缩小达 5 0 %以上 ,缩小包块中血流信号消失。部分患者治疗后出现一过性腹水 ,黄疸加深 ,转氨酶增高。结论　射频是治疗肝癌的一种创伤小、安全有效的方法。     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

金丝桃甙对脑缺血再灌损伤保护作用的实验研究

用脑缺血再灌模型和跳台试验,研究了金丝桃甙(Hyp)对脑缺血再灌损伤的保护作用。结果表明,在小鼠脑缺血再灌模型上,Hyp(50及100mg·kg^-1,ip)可显著抑制脑组织乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的下降;表明,Hyp跳台试验对脑缺血再灌致小鼠学习记忆功能障碍有明显的改善作用;在大鼠四血管结扎模型上,Hyp可显著抑制脑组织中LDH、超氧物岐化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的降低,减少脑组织脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量的增高,并促进EEG变化的恢复。上述结果提示Hyp对脑缺血再灌损伤有显著保护作用,其机制可能与其抗自由基、抑制NO的生成有关。     

一种简便实用的口腔溃疡实验模型

目的研制家兔口腔溃疡新的模型.方法在玻璃管腔中加入体积分数为30%的冰醋酸0.2 ml,固定于家兔口腔黏膜表面30 s,测定溃疡炎症充血面积的大小,并行组织病理学检查.结果冰醋酸可明显诱发家兔口腔溃疡的发生.冰硼散可明显抑制口腔黏膜炎症充血,并缩小口腔溃疡面积和改善组织病理学状况.结论冰醋酸可以成功的诱发家兔口腔溃疡模型.     

氯丙嗪治疗青光眼性疼痛

<正> 氯丙嗪为一抗精神病药,有研究表明对绝对期青光眼病人球后注射可以减轻顽固性疼痛并避免摘除眼球。具体用法是,先用2％普鲁卡因1ml球后注射     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

《药理学进展》(TiPS)受体名称——1991年元月增刊(续三)

<正> 续中国药理学通报,1993;9(4):3202.32 钾通道通道类型 电导 阻断剂 特性 部位/功能电压依赖性K~+通道————延迟性整流器5～60(IKV)(延迟性外ps向K~+流,IK;电压依赖性K~+通道)TEA,Cs~(2+),Ba~(2+)Zn~(2+),4AP(弱),局麻药,9-氨基吖啶,苯环己哌啶,毒素:蝎毒素,次毒蕈环肽被某些延迟后膜去极化所激活(阈电位因组织不同而有差异)。失活可以持续数秒或仅在复极化时出现.发现以不同的形式存在于许多细胞中。引起可兴奋细胞AP的复极化(枪乌鲗轴突,蛙朗飞氏结,骨骼肌);慢波兴奋(平滑肌);参与自发放电细胞的重复放电.     

氧自由基致痛、痛敏及其与阿斯匹林、吲哚美辛镇痛的关系

采用光照核黄素产生氧自由基，观察后者在外周和脊髓水平对疼痛的影响。发现在外周，小鼠足跖部皮下注射ＬＲＦ０．０６，０．６７ｍｍｏｌ．ｍｏｕｓｅ＾－１有致痛作用；脊髓水平，小鼠鞘内注射ＬＲＦ０．１０６－０．６６５ｎｍｏｌ．ｍｏｕｓｅ＾－１有致痛敏作用；进一步研究发现ＯＦＲ的脊髓痛敏与Ｃａ＾２＋有密切关系，用维拉帕米，尼莫地平，ＥＧＴＡ可拮抗ＯＦＲ的痛敏作用。