Surgical incision in complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement

Background Prosthetic mitral valve replacement is a common surgical treatment of mitral valve disease.Complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement represents the contemporary minimally invasive cardiac surgery in valve disease surgical therapy. In the field of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, the success of the operation is largely depending on surgical incision, it also reflects the surgeon's technique level. Method From February 2010 to February 2013, 80 cases of cardiac patients with mitral valve pathological changes in our department who had received surgical treatment of complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement were recruited, they were divided into two groups according to the surgical incision: midclavicular group(M group,n = 50) and parasternal group(P group, n = 30). The clinical data were recorded including: cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time, volume of thoracic drainage after operation, ICU tracheal intubation time,postoperative days of hospital stay and time for observing the postoperative complications. The comparison between two groups was performed using t-test analysis. Result Both M Group and P Group had favorable surgical view, there were no emergency situation of redo median sternotomy during initial operative period or intraoperative death, no pericardial tamponade, no infection, and no other serious postoperative complications.Whereas, there were 2 cases of redo operation for stanch bleeding in M Group and 1 case of perivalvular leakage in P Group. Nevertheless, 3 months later, the result of reexamine showed that the perivalvular leakage had vanished. The clinical data was shown as follow(M Group vs. P Group): cardiopulmonary bypass time(90.2 ± 28.7 vs. 87.3 ± 24.5 min, P 0.05), aortic clamping time(65.2 ± 17.4 vs. 68.6 ± 21.9 min, P 0.05),1st day volume of thoracic drainage after operation 1(75.8 ± 35.6 vs. 53.2 ± 25.6 mL, P 0.05), ICU tracheal intubation time(9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.5 hours, P 0.05), postoperative days of hospital stay(7.3 ± 2.2 vs. 6.9± 3.2 days, P 0.05). T-test analysis of the data of each groups showed that there were no significant statistically difference. Conclusions Appropriate surgical incisions guarantee a favorable surgical view and the success of the whole process during intraoperative period. In both midclavicular and parasternal approaches, the complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement is able to be accomplished safely and successfully. Due to the current development level of thoracoscopic instruments and equipment, the surgical incision and approach for video-assisted mitral valve replacement are diversified. As a result, diversified surgical incisions can be customized according to the variegated pathological changes of cardiac patients.     

门冬胰岛素联合不同基础胰岛素对妊娠合并糖尿病的治疗效果

目的比较门冬胰岛素联合地特胰岛素与门冬胰岛素联合精蛋白生物合成人胰岛素治疗妊娠合并糖尿病的效果差异。方法选取2017年12月至2019年3月就诊于郑州大学第三附属医院并需要胰岛素治疗的208例妊娠合并糖尿病患者,按照随机数表法分为对照组(92例)和观察组(116例)。对照组接受三餐前皮下注射门冬胰岛素,睡前皮下注射精蛋白生物合成人胰岛素,观察组接受三餐前皮下注射门冬胰岛素,睡前皮下注射地特胰岛素。比较两组治疗后的孕期体质量、低血糖发生率、胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间、分娩结局及新生儿并发症等情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组低血糖发生率低,胰岛素用量少,血糖达标时间短,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),两组治疗前后分娩结局及新生儿并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论门冬胰岛素联合地特胰岛素治疗妊娠合并糖尿病胰岛素用量少,低血糖发生率低,血糖达标时间短,值得临床推广。     

正畸患者对上颌牙列中线轴向倾斜的审美评价

目的:探讨正畸患者对不同程度上颌牙列中线轴向倾斜的审美评价。方法:采用上颌牙列中线不同程度轴向倾斜的图片模型,制作电子问卷软件,对203位符合条件的正畸患者(男79人,女124人)分理想值、觉察值和容忍值3个层次进行问卷调查。结果:受试对象对女性图片上颌牙列中线轴向向左、右倾斜的平均觉察值分别是4.7°、4.9°,容忍值是9.7°、9.5°;男性图片则为4.1°、5.1°和9.0°、9.7°。其中除了男性图片左、右侧的觉察值之间有统计学差异之外(P<0.05),其余评价值左、右侧之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。觉察值的中位数和四分位数间距均为4.0°,2.0°;容忍值则均为10.0°,6.0°。女性和男性图片平均理想值分别为0.1°和0.4°,且与总体均数μ=0间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。女性受试者对男性图片牙列中线右侧轴向倾斜的觉察值要明显低于男性受试者。结论:该审美评价的3个层次是合理的,其研究结果对口腔科医生具有临床指导意义。     

显微超声处理钙化根管的疗效评价

目的 评价显微超声技术处理钙化根管的临床疗效,以期为老年人钙化根管治疗提供临床参考.方法 选择102例牙髓炎或根尖周炎患者,年龄45～ 78岁,共119个钙化根管,均为采用常规根管治疗方法不能疏通的根管.在根管显微镜下使用超声器械进行根管再疏通治疗,去除髓腔内及根管颈、中段钙化组织,并比较其钙化根管各部位的疏通率.结果 99个钙化根管成功再疏通,疏通率为83％,前磨牙及磨牙组疏通率[分别为12/15、77％(43/56)]差异无统计学意义(x2=1.35,P＞0.05);上、下颌钙化根管疏通率[分别为84％(61/73)、83％ (38/46)]差异无统计学意义(x2=1.21,P＞0.05).根管颈段钙化的疏通率为93％(78/84),与根管中、尖段钙化比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),钙化部位靠近根尖时疏通率明显下降.结论 根管显微镜和超声器械的使用有助于提高老年患者钙化阻塞根管的疏通率,可有效地提高根管治疗的成功率.     

神经布氏杆菌病三例并文献复习

研究背景神经布氏杆菌病临床罕见,本文报告3例神经布氏杆菌病患者临床资料,分析其发病特点,以为临床提供参考。方法回顾分析3例临床诊断明确的神经布氏杆菌病患者的临床表现、实验室和辅助检查结果及诊断与治疗经过,并结合文献讨论其发病特点。结果 3例患者均有明确疫区、传染病接触史或生食牛奶感染布氏杆菌病病史,并在不明原因发热筛查过程中获得布氏杆菌感染病原学或血清学证据。临床主要表现为头痛、发热,可伴脑膜炎症状与体征;或病程中出现脊柱炎症性改变;或伴尿潴留、便秘(可能与腰骶神经根病变有关);病程中也可出现听力减退和复视等听神经和外展神经病变表现。结论神经布氏杆菌病临床表现多样,常伴有全身系统性感染症状,在不明原因发热筛查中应进行布氏杆菌相关检查,诊断过程中需注意与结核分枝杆菌感染相鉴别。不同药理学机制的抗生素足量、长程联合治疗有效,患者预后良好。     

多重耐药不动杆菌属感染的脑室积脓脑室炎诊疗体会

目的探讨多重耐药不动杆菌属感染的脑室积脓脑室炎的诊疗经验。方法回顾我院神经外科2010-06—2012-06收治的6例多重耐药不动杆菌属感染的脑室积脓脑室炎病例,均行双侧脑室钻孔持续外引流,根据患者个体情况,合理给予抗生素脑室内灌洗,联合静脉用药,对其疗效进行分析并随访1a。结果 4例脑室炎患者临床治愈,1例放弃治疗,1例死于恶病质。结论多重耐药不动杆菌属所致的化脓性脑室炎以预防为主,一旦确诊,早期静脉给药,联合双侧脑室持续外引流及抗生素灌洗疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

1835名军事飞行人员颞下颌关节紊乱病的流行病学调查

目的：研究颞下颌关节紊乱病在我军飞行人员中的患病情况,探讨我军飞行人员颞下颌关节紊乱病的发病因素.方法：对1835名飞行人员进行口腔检查和颞下颌关节检查,筛选出颞下颌关节紊乱病患者,评估飞行人员颞下颌关节紊乱病与年龄、飞行时间、机种、咬合关系、不良习惯之间的关系.结果：歼击机飞行人员颞下颌关节紊乱病发病率最高（33.43％）,运输机飞行人员发病率最低（23.45％）,P＜0.05;颞下颌关节紊乱病发病率与飞行人员年龄、飞行时间无显著关系;心理因素、睡眠质量、夜磨牙、偏侧咀嚼习惯、第三磨牙伸长与飞行人员颞下颌关节紊乱病发病高度相关.错骀畸形是飞行人员TMD的重要发病因素,其中锁滁、开赡患者TMD发病率较高,其次是深覆盖、深覆骀及反骀患者.结论：飞行人员颞下颌关节紊乱病发病的重要因素是心理素质差、睡眠障碍、夜磨牙、偏侧咀嚼习惯及错（牙合）畸形.