97例强直性脊柱炎临床分析

目的：探讨AS患者的临床特点,提高AS诊断水平。方法：对97例确诊为AS的住院患者的临床表现、影像学资料、实验室指标等进行分析。结果：58％（56／97）的患者首发症状为中轴关节不适,61％（59／97）的患者病程发展过程中出现周围关节炎;94％（91／97）的患者HLA．B27阳性,RF阴性率达88％（78／89）,抗0阴性率为72％（31／43）,抗核抗体（ANA）阴性率为90％（77／86）,抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体阴性率为98％（40／41）,93％（90／97）患者ESR升高,94％（91／97）患者CRP升高;病程1年以上患者骶髂关节CT病变Ⅱ级及以上者比例明显高于病程不到1年者。结论：AS患者早期以中轴关节受累的临床表现多见,HLA—B27对As的诊断具有重要意义,骶髂关节病变的程度和病程长短有关,应提高对As的认识,以早期诊断和治疗。     

造血干细胞移植治疗狼疮性肾炎

狼疮性肾炎（lupus nephritis,LN）是系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE）常见的重要脏器损害和死亡原因。LN的发病机制归结于SLE的免疫系统功能紊乱,T、B淋巴细胞异常活化,产生多种自身抗体和免疫复合物,导致LN多种形式的免疫损伤。随着糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂的临床应用,LN的预后有明显改善。     

原发性干燥综合征肾损害的临床特征及治疗进展

干燥综合征(Sj(o)gren syndrome,SS)是一种常见的弥漫性结缔组织病,好发于女性,以外分泌腺体上皮细胞高度淋巴细胞浸润为特征.临床上主要表现为干燥性角、结膜炎,口腔干燥症,同时还可累及其他重要脏器系统,如肺脏、肾脏、神经系统等.在不伴发其他相关的系统性自身免疫病时,称为原发性干燥综合征(primary Sj(o)gren syndrome,pSS).     

99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜及软骨凋亡相关因子的影响

Objective Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats is an animal model of human rheuma-toid arthritis (RA). It is widely used in research of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic targets of RA. This paper was to investigate the therapeutic action of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) on CIA rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chon-drocytes. Methods CIA rat models were carried out by subcutaneous injection with bovine collagen Ⅱ and incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, CIA model group (the CIA rats were infused with physiological saline via tail vein daily), 99Tc-MDP group (the C1A rats were injected with 99Tc-Mi)P 0.04 μg 99Tc/kg via tail vein daily) and methotrexate (MTX) group (the CIA rats were in-jected with MTX 1 mg/kg via tail vein weekly). The signs of arthritis were evaluated by arthritis index (AI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results (1) The signs of arthritis, AI scores and pathological changes of arthrosynovitis in CIA rats were significantly improved by 99Tc-MDP orMTX. (2) The expression of bcl-2 and box in the synoviocytes of CIA model group [(39.30 ± 0.53) %, (27.37 ±2.45)%] was significantly increased compared with control group [(7.56 ± 1. 18)% , (6.14 ± 1.71) % ; q = 46.27, 24.57, all P < 0.001]. In the synovioeytes of 99Tc-M DP group and MTX group, the level of bcl-2 was remarkably decreased [(30.24 ± 2.09) %, (27.25 ± 3.33) %] compared with CIA model group (q = 13.20, 17.56, all P <0.001), while the level of bax was slightly increased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased. (3)The expression level of bcl-2 and bax in the articular chondro-cytes of CIA model group [(20.20 ± 2.78) %, (36.40 ± 1.67) %] was significantly higher than control group [(9.91±4.09)%, (6.71 ±3.50)%; q=10.51, 37.01, allP<0.001]. Compared with CIA model group, the expression level of bcl-2 in articular chondrocytes of 99Tc-MDP group [(26. 58 ± 2. 52) %] and MTX group [(27.06 ± 1.92) %] was remarksbly increased [(24.26 ± 2.75) %, (23.53 ± 0.74) % ; q = 6.53, 7.01, all P < 0.001]. And the expression level of bax was significantly decread (q = 15.12, 16.04, all P <0. 001) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly increased. Conclusions The ab-normal expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes was closely related to the occurrence and progression of signs in CIA rats. 99Tc-MDP could improve the signs of arthritis, meanwhile regulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular ehondrocytes, suggesting that one of the therapeutic mechanisms of 99Tc-MDP might be related to stimulated synoviocytes apoptosis and reduced articular chondrocytes apoptosis.     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗系统性红斑狼疮的临床研究

目的 探讨自体外周血干细胞移植(autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation,APBSCT)治疗难治性系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)的疗效和方法.方法 对13例住院的难治性SLE患者进行APBSCT治疗,动员方案为环磷酰胺4g/m 2·d,当白细胞降低到最低值时,应用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)5μg/kg·d,预处理方案为环磷酰胺(50mg/kg·d,-2d,-1d, 1d, 2d),猪抗人淋巴细胞球蛋白(ALG)(20mg/kg·d,-2d,-1d, 1d, 2d).结果 随访时间3～15个月,13例患者造血干细胞均成功植活.植活时间WBC14d(11～16d);PLT13d(9～18d).SLEDAI 评分(系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数)平均降低6分.显效10例(治愈7例,基本治愈3例),进步2例,死亡1例.常见并发症为发热、呕吐、脱发等.出现4例真菌感染,2例巨细胞病毒感染,6例出现心血管并发症,表现为急性左心衰竭,心律失常等.结论 自体外周血干细胞移植治疗系统性红斑狼疮有良好的近期疗效,但应注意移植过程中各种感染以及心血管并发症.     

艾拉莫德或来氟米特联合甲氨蝶呤治疗活动性类风湿关节炎的疗效和安全性比较:一项多中心 随机 双盲 双模拟对照的临床研究

目的旨在评价艾拉莫德联合甲氨蝶呤治疗活动性RA的疗效与安全性.方法本研究是一项多中心、随机、双盲、双模拟、对照临床试验.研究纳入中重度活动期RA患者,按照1∶1比例随机分配到艾拉莫德联合甲氨蝶呤治疗组(A组)与来氟米特联合甲氨蝶呤治疗组(B组).分别在用药后12、24、52周对2组的疗效和安全性进行评价.主要疗效终点为治疗后52周ACR20达标率.分别采用Pearson χ^2检验及两因素方差分析比较2组52周时ACR20达标率以及DAS28改善幅度,采用Pearson χ^2检验或Fisher确切概率检验比较2组治疗后ACR50和ACR70达标率之间差异.2组中计量资料采用独立样本t检验或非参数检验进行比较.结果共有240例符合入排标准的患者纳入研究.基线2组人口统计学资料与疾病活动性比较差异无统计学意义.A组和B组治疗后52周ACR20达标率分别为84.1%与81.0%(χ^2=0.35,P=0.56).2组在用药后12、24、52周ACR50/70达标率、DAS28、简明疾病活动指数以及同基线比DAS28下降绝对值比较差异均无统计学意义.A组不良事件更少(60.0%和79.0%,P<0.01).A组较B组出现AST/ALT升高和白细胞降低者更少,且更少使用护肝药物(P<0.05).结论艾拉莫德联合甲氨蝶呤是一种安全、有效的治疗活动性RA的方案,其疗效与来氟米特联合甲氨蝶呤相当,但安全性更好.     

临床内科学研究性教学方法实践探索报告

国内外现阶段正热烈地讨论研究性教学方法，但有关探索和实践多集中在综合性大学的理工科，临床医学专业实施研究性教学方法较少。华中科技大学作为综合性、研究型、创新性大学，师资力量雄厚，科研实力强，综合办学条件优厚，为积极探索研究性教学方法奠定了坚实的基础。     

全国多中心类风湿关节炎患者门诊用药费用的调查

Objective To describe the distribution of medication costs of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to analyze the factors that may affect the costs. Methods Data were obtained from a 12-month retrospective investigation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) across China. Department of Rheuma-tology of 18 hospitals were randomly selected. The data about their social conditions, clinical conditions, medications associated with RA such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), non -steroidal anti -inflammtory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, biologic agents were collected, and the costs of drugs were calculated. A non-parameter test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results Six hundred and forty six patients were enrolled into the study, 435 completed data were chosen for analysis. The results demonstrated that the average costs per patient for medications in the past year was 8018 . The total medication costs were further subdivided into the following parts: DMARDs, (represented 20% of the total costs), biologic drugs (49%), NSAIDs (4%), herbal drugs (22%), steroids (1%). Data analysis showed that patients with higher education and higher incomes, with medical insurance,better health function status and outpatients paid more on DMARDs. Extra-articular manifestations increased the odds of the high-cost group (OR: 2.180, 95%CI: 1.335～3.558, P=0.002), while poor health function status increased the probability of paying high costs (OR: 1.373, 95%CI: 1.012～1.863, P=0.041). Conclusion High medication costs in RA do exist in RA patients. The costs of medication is associated with health function status and the presence of extra-articular manifestations.     

结缔组织病合并感染的病原学特征分析

目的探讨结缔组织病合并感染的病原学特征,以期为临床诊治提供依据。方法回顾性分析我科体液培养阳性的102例结缔组织病合并感染患者的病原学资料。结果本组疾病感染的病原体中,G杆菌感染已占绝对优势达62．75％,G^＋球菌感染率仅为37．25％。在菌种构成方面,大肠埃希氏菌占16．67％,铜绿假单胞菌占14．72％,肺炎克雷伯杆菌占9．80％,金黄色葡萄球菌占9．80％,凝吲阴性葡萄球菌占6．86％,表皮葡萄球菌占5．88％。感染的部位以呼吸道和泌尿道居多,分别为57．84％、16．66％,全身感染引起的败血症也占有较高的比率,为17．64％。对27株大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌属进行ESBLs检测,阳性率为59．26％。结论G^-杆菌是结缔组织病合并感染的主要致病菌,感染菌株中ESBLs阳性率较高,全身感染引起的败血症的比率较高。     

类风湿关节炎患者外周血CD4+T细胞TIM-3 mRNA的表达

目的观察类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血CD4 T细胞TIM-3mRNA的表达,探讨TIM-3在RA发病中的作用。方法应用实时定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测25例RA患者和18名健康对照组外周血CD4 T细胞TIM-3mRNA的表达,并分析TIM-3mRNA的表达与类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性。结果RA患者外周血CD4 T细胞TIM-3mRNA的相对表达较健康对照组明显增多(0.84±0.09vs0.55±0.07,t=11.73,P<0.01),且与RF水平呈正相关(r=0.84,P<0.01);高度活动组RA患者TIM-3mRNA的表达高于低中度活动组(0.89±0.06vs0.81±0.09,t=2.49,P<0.05)。结论RA患者CD4 T细胞TIM-3mRNA的表达异常增多并与RF水平呈正相关,高度活动组TIM-3mRNA的表达高于轻中度活动组,提示TIM-3mRNA的表达与RA的病情活动有关,TIM-3可能在RA的发病中起重要作用。