脑水肿和神经损害与脑出血病人血清基质金属蛋白酶水平的关系

目的 探讨脑出血志者血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)水平与脑水肿和神经功能损害的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附法测定31例脑出血患者发病后1d、3d、7d和14d时血清MMP-9和MMP-2水平;发病当日及14d时头颅CT测定血肿及其周围脑水肿体积,同时进行卒中评分量表(NIHSS)评分.结果 血清MMP-9.MMP-2水平发病后各时间点明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.05);发病7d及14d时MMP-9水平与血肿周围水肿体积呈正相关(r=0.748,P<0.001;r=0.436,P<0.05),与血肿体积及NIHSS评分无相关;各时间点MMP 2水平与血肿体积、血肿周围水肿体积及NIHSS评分无相关.结论 脑出血后MMP-9过表达参与土肿周围水肿的形成.     

射血分数轻度降低的心力衰竭患者应用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂的研究进展

钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂即SGLT2抑制剂,最初是作为降糖药而开发的,现已被证明其可降低伴/不伴有动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的心力衰竭住院（HFH）和心血管死亡风险。EMPEROR-Preserved实验研究评估了SGLT2抑制剂（恩格列净）对射血分数保留的心力衰竭（HFpEF）患者的临床疗效,结果表明,其临床效果可进一步扩大到射血分数轻度降低的心力衰竭（HFmrEF）患者中。虽然SGLT2抑制剂使降低心力衰竭发病率和预防心力衰竭恶化进入到新时代,但仍应继续寻找SGLT2抑制剂改善症状的关键机制,以保护患者免受心力衰竭致命进展的影响。本文就HFmrEF患者应用SGLT2抑制剂治疗进行综述,以期为HFmrEF患者的治疗提供理论指导。     

深刺腰阳关为主治疗干性坐骨神经痛208例

深刺腰阳关为主治疗干性坐骨神经痛２０８例同济医科大学附属协和医院（武汉４３００２２）黄巍同济医科大学镇痛原理研究室邢宏义近年来，我们以腰阳关为主穴脊柱深刺激加刺环跳穴治疗干性坐骨神经痛，并与肾俞加环跳和阳陵泉加环跳作对照观察，疗效满意。临床资料全部病...     

内皮素对黑素瘤A375细胞转化生长因子-β1及磷酸化Smad 3蛋白表达的调节

Objective To investigate the effects ofendothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) on the expression of transformation growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylation of Smad 3 in malignant melanoma cell line, A375. Methods Cultured A375 cells were classified into 5 groups, i.e. control group (no stimulation), ET-1 group (stimulated with ET-1), ET-1+BQ123 group (treated with ET-1 and BQ123),ET-1 + BQ788 group (treated with ET-1 and BQ788), ET-3 group (stimulated with ET-3), to receive different stimulation. The working concentrations were 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nmol/L for ET-1 and ET-3, 10 μmol/L for BQ123 and BQ788. After another 12- and 24-hour culture, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 protein and mRNA as well as phosphorylated Smad 3 (P-Smad 3). Results The expression of TGF-β1 in A375 cells was up-regulated by ET-1, but down-regulated by ET-3, and both of the effects were in a concentration-dependent manner. Under the stimulation with ET-1 and ET-3 of 100 nmol/L, the level of TGF-β1 reached 1289.38 ± 89.42 ng/L per 105 cells and 85.09 ± 9.37 ng/L per 105 cells, respectively, significantly different from that in unstimulated cells (both P < 0.05). BQ123 signifi-cantly blocked the up-regnlatory effect of ET-1 on the expression TGF-β1 protein(P < 0.05), but BQ788 had no significant influence on the effect, so was the case with TGF-β1 mRNA. Western blot revealed that ET-1significantly elevated the expression of P-Smad 3 in A375 cells (P <0.05), and the elevation was significantly inhibited by BQ123, but not by BQ788. The expression of P-Smad 3 was statistically decreased by ET-3 in A375 cells (P <0.05). Conclusions The expression of TGF-β1 could be enhanced by ET-1, but suppressed by ET-3. It is likely that endothelin receptor A mediates the phosphorylation of Smad 3 induced by ET-1.     

内镜手术治疗高血压脑出血合并脑疝患者的疗效和安全性探讨

目的研究采用神经内镜手术清除高血压脑出血合并脑疝患者的颅内血肿同时保留骨瓣的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析该科2015年1月-2017年6月行手术治疗的高血压脑出血合并一侧瞳孔散大的患者,共计54例。排除双侧瞳孔散大,术前行床边CT血管造影(CTA)排除合并动脉瘤、动静畸形和烟雾病等。其中神经内镜手术组23例,开颅手术组31例。比较两组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率,术后再出血、脑梗死和死亡的发生率。术后3个月行格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果神经内镜治疗组在手术时间、术中出血量上均优于开颅组,两组间差异有统计学意义;而两组间血肿清除率、术后再出血和脑梗死的发生率差异无统计学意义。尽管术后3个月GOS评分总体上内镜组与开颅组无显著差异,但内镜组植物生存率与重残率较开颅组有下降,而轻残率明显增加。结论神经内镜手术治疗脑出血合并脑疝患者手术安全,同时损伤小、降低了植物生存率与重残率。     

全科医生试点城市改革方案比较

对10个全科医生试点城市试点方案进行比较研究,分析各城市方案在人才培养、执业方式、团队组建、签约模式、签约服务包等方面的优势和不足,提出了坚持短期与长期目标、质量与数量相结合的人才培养策略;引导全科医生多点执业,设置多点执业准入标准;合理设置签约人数,优化签约人群结构;开展成本核算,科学合理设置签约服务包等建议,为完善全科医生试点提供借鉴。     

糖尿病肾病动物模型的研究进展

<正>糖尿病肾病（diabetic kidney disease,DKD）是糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）常见的微血管并发症,临床以长期高血糖状态引起肾功能逐渐下降,伴或不伴有蛋白尿为主要特征。1型糖尿病（type 1diabetes mellitus,T1D）和2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2D）在导致肾病的病理生理机制方面比较,     

内皮素对黑素瘤A375细胞转化生长因子-β1及磷酸化Smad 3蛋白表达的调节

Objective To investigate the effects ofendothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) on the expression of transformation growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylation of Smad 3 in malignant melanoma cell line, A375. Methods Cultured A375 cells were classified into 5 groups, i.e. control group (no stimulation), ET-1 group (stimulated with ET-1), ET-1+BQ123 group (treated with ET-1 and BQ123),ET-1 + BQ788 group (treated with ET-1 and BQ788), ET-3 group (stimulated with ET-3), to receive different stimulation. The working concentrations were 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nmol/L for ET-1 and ET-3, 10 μmol/L for BQ123 and BQ788. After another 12- and 24-hour culture, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 protein and mRNA as well as phosphorylated Smad 3 (P-Smad 3). Results The expression of TGF-β1 in A375 cells was up-regulated by ET-1, but down-regulated by ET-3, and both of the effects were in a concentration-dependent manner. Under the stimulation with ET-1 and ET-3 of 100 nmol/L, the level of TGF-β1 reached 1289.38 ± 89.42 ng/L per 105 cells and 85.09 ± 9.37 ng/L per 105 cells, respectively, significantly different from that in unstimulated cells (both P < 0.05). BQ123 signifi-cantly blocked the up-regnlatory effect of ET-1 on the expression TGF-β1 protein(P < 0.05), but BQ788 had no significant influence on the effect, so was the case with TGF-β1 mRNA. Western blot revealed that ET-1significantly elevated the expression of P-Smad 3 in A375 cells (P <0.05), and the elevation was significantly inhibited by BQ123, but not by BQ788. The expression of P-Smad 3 was statistically decreased by ET-3 in A375 cells (P <0.05). Conclusions The expression of TGF-β1 could be enhanced by ET-1, but suppressed by ET-3. It is likely that endothelin receptor A mediates the phosphorylation of Smad 3 induced by ET-1.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺切割活检64例分析

<正>经皮肤行肺穿刺切割活检是肺部非血管介入技术中的重要内容,一些影像学、纤维支气管镜检、痰细胞学检查等难以明确性质的病变,通过活检取得组织学资料可作出定性诊断,阳性率高,对于治疗方案的选择、制订以及治疗后随访、判断预后等方面均有重要作用。CT引导下肺穿刺切割活检术方法简单、微创安全。现将我院2011年7月~2013年5月行经皮肺穿刺切割活检的情况报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料本组共有64例患者,男50例、女14例,年龄47~79岁,平均65岁。所有病例术前均行纤维支气管镜检查、刷检及痰脱落细胞学检查未能明确诊断。临床症状多为咳嗽、咳痰、咯血、胸痛等,病程半个月~2年。病变位于肺实质周围型52例,位于肺实质中央型10例,肺内弥漫性病变2例。病灶     

肿瘤坏死因子前体转换酶前肽结构域对TACE活性调节作用

目的： 探讨肿瘤坏死因子前体转换酶（TACE）的前肽结构域在TACE成熟过程中所起的作用，为人工干预炎症过程提供依据和手段。方法: 以pIRES2-EGFP质粒为载体，利用DNA重组技术分别构造含信号肽结构域+前肽结构域、全长结构域及缺失前肽结构域的真核表达重组体，根据其碱基数目分别命名为pIRES2-EGFP/T648、pIRES2-EGFP/T2472、 pIRES2-EGFP/T57-T1824；真核转染U937细胞；LPS刺激转染细胞后，用ELISA法及流式细胞技术检测TNF-α。结果: pIRES2-EGFP/T648的真核表达能显著抑制TACE的活性，减少sTNF-α分泌，抑制率达61.09%；pIRES2-EGFP/T57-T1824的真核表达对sTNF-α的分泌无影响；pIRES2-EGFP/T2472的真核表达能显著增加sTNF-α分泌。结论: 前肽结构域在TACE的成熟过程中起了双重作用，TACE抑制剂的研制和开发为抗炎药物的设计和改造提供了新的依据和方法。