抗粒细胞单克隆抗体的研究进展

一、概况自1975年Khler及Milstein创立的杂交瘤技术问世以来,引起了生命医学的一场革命。运用这一技术,人们首先制备了大量的抗淋巴细胞单克隆抗体(单抗)。截止到第三届国际人类白细胞分化抗原会议(简称:第三届会议)抗淋巴细胞单抗发展到316种。通过淋巴细胞不同的表面标记,人们认识了各种T细胞亚群及其各自的功能。揭示了淋巴细胞分化过程中标记变化特点。为基础医学及临床医学提供了强有力的工具,但对抗粒细胞单抗研究,由于以下几种原因而曾一度进展缓慢:1.抗粒单抗鉴定困难,     

经尿道精囊镜治疗难治性血精症的应用价值及IIEF-5、CIPE评分分析

目的探讨经尿道精囊镜(TSV)技术治疗难治性血精症的疗效以及安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年12月至2021年6月在本院诊断为难治性血精症、接受药物治疗半年以上无效反复发作后经TSV治疗的98例患者的临床资料, 随访并比较治疗前后患者的精液质量、治疗效果指标以及术后并发症情况。结果所有患者均手术顺利。治疗6个月后随访, 患者的精液中红细胞和白细胞数量分别由治疗前的(5.68±0.78)、(12.34±1.71)×106/mL下降为(0.97±0.45)、(1.43±0.34)×106/mL(t=2.201、6.970, 均P<0.001)。治疗后的国际勃起功能评分表(IIEF-5)评分和性功能中国早泄患者性功能评价表(CIPE)评分均高于治疗前, 差异均有统计学意义(t=6.677、15.438, 均P<0.001)。98例患者中临床痊愈58例, 好转28例, 治疗总有效率为87.8%(86/98)。98例患者中出现逆行射精2例, 附睾炎4例, 未观察到精囊穿孔、射精管反流、直肠尿道瘘等严重并发症。结论采用TSV技术治疗难治性血精症患者不仅可以明确诊断, 还能对精囊进行冲洗...     

32例重度增生腺性膀胱炎临床诊断治疗

目的 探讨重度增生腺性膀胱炎的诊断及治疗措施.方法 对2009年12月～2013年12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院泌尿外科经影像学考虑为膀胱内实性占位、病理学检查确诊的32例重度增生腺性膀胱炎患者的病历资料进行回顾性的临床分析.患者均行经尿道等离子电切术,术后给予药物灌注治疗.结果 32例患者随访3～ 48个月,25例(78％)症状得以不同程度的恢复,行膀胱镜检查正常.6例(24％)出现复发,行再次手术更换膀胱灌注药物后,未出现复发.1例患者术后1年合并膀胱结石,行经尿道碎石取石并病灶黏膜电灼术.所有随访患者均未发现恶变.结论 彩色多普勒超声检查联合CT增强可提高对腺性膀胱炎定性诊断的准确性.经尿道等离子电切术联合术后膀胱灌注治疗重度增生腺性膀胱炎效果明显,安全有效,术后复发率低.     

化疗及靶向药物治疗肉瘤样肾癌的Meta分析

目的 系统评价化疗及靶向药物治疗肉瘤样肾癌的有效性和安全性.方法 计算机检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CN KI)等,收集2000年1月～2013年12月国内外公开发表的有关化疗及靶向药物治疗肉瘤样肾癌的试验研究文献.根据Cochrane的质量评价标准评价,采用RevMan4.2软件进行统计学分析.结果 最终纳入5个文献,共128例患者.meta分析结果显示与化疗相比,靶向药物联合化疗不但显著提高了肉瘤样肾癌的疾病控制率(OR =2.11,95％ CI:1.30 ～2.61,P＜0.0001),还显著提高了有效率(OR =2.25,95％ CI:1.53 ～3.11,P＜0.0001).结论 与化疗相比,靶向药物联合化疗可进一步提高疗效,是肉瘤样肾癌较好的治疗方案.     

加味补肾活血汤联合艾灸大椎穴治疗肾精亏虚型血管性痴呆的研究

目的 探讨加味补肾活血汤联合艾灸大椎穴治疗肾精亏虚型血管性痴呆(VD)的疗效.方法 选取2020年2月-2020年11月就诊的88例肾精亏虚型VD患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组,各44例.对照组在常规治疗的基础上用加味补肾活血汤治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用艾灸大椎穴治疗,两组均连续治疗7周.比较治疗前、治疗7周两组...     

经尿道输尿管软镜治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨经尿道输尿管软镜治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年9月至2018年12月本院及大连医科大学附属二院收治的52例行手术治疗的肾盂旁囊肿患者的临床资料。依据手术方式不同分为软镜组(22例)及腹腔镜组(30例),通过比较两组手术疗效及术后恢复情况,评估两组患者临床疗效的差异。结果:两组患者均未出现...     

抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用

Objective To investigate the prediction of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibodies (MICA) to the development of acute rejection (AR) and kidney allograft function. Methods Forty-one kidney transplant patients were prospectively tested for anti-HLA and anti-MICA. Thirty-seven patients were screened using Luminex/single-antigen beads to determine the HLA and MICA-specific antibody levels at 0,30,90, 180,360,720 and 1080 days post-transplantation. The patients and donors of HLA and MICA allele typing were determined by PCR-SSOP, and donor specific antibody (DSA) and non-donor specific antibody (NDSA) were identified.Simultaneously,their serum creatinine (SCr) levels and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients (21.95 % ,9/41 ) had pre-existing anti-HLA and(or) anti-MICA, including 6 cases of anti-MICA,2 cases of anti-HLA, and one case of anti-MICA and anti-HLA. Nine patients had pre-existing DSA and NDSA. In the 37 patients, 6 patients (16.2% ) developed de novo anti-HLA, and 3 (8.1%) developed de novo antiMICA. In patients positive for de novo anti-HLA, the titer of antibody was gradually increased during the follow-up of three years. Four patients out of 9 patients with pre-existing antibodies were suffered from AR (44.4%); In 6 patients positive for de novo anti-HLA,three cases (50.0%) were suffered from AR; In three patients positive for de novo anti-MICA,no AR occurred (P＜0.05). In two patients positive for DSA of HLAⅡ antibody detected at the third and seventh day after transplantation, the renal grafts were renovecd due to rejection. The Scr levels in patients positive for pre-existing MICA with AR were higher than in those positive for pre-existing MICA without AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0.05). The Scr levels in patients negative for antibodies pre-transplantation and having AR were higher than in those having no AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0. 01 ). The Scr levels in patients positive for de novo HLA and MICA and having AR one month following transplantation were higher than in those negative for antibodies and having no AR (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Pre-existing and de novo anti-HLA were the irnportant factors for the development of AR, but the mismatch of HLA and MICA alleles in donors and patients was primary causes for generation of de novo antibodies.     

肉瘤样肾细胞癌合并腔静脉癌栓1例报告并文献复习

肉瘤样肾细胞癌临床少见,具有恶性程度高、进展快、预后差的临床特点。肉瘤合并腔静脉癌栓形成者临床上更为罕见,我院泌尿外科近期收治1例肉瘤样肾细胞癌合并腔静脉癌栓患者,现结合相关文献复习报道如下。患者,女,50岁,因＂体检发现右肾占位3d＂入院。无腰腹痛及血尿,无其他慢性病史及肝炎结核病史。查体：右肾区叩击痛阴性,双下肢无水肿。     

来氟米特联合糖皮质激素治疗IgA肾病的临床研究

目的 观察应用来氟米特（Leflunomide,LEF）联合激素治疗IgA肾病的疗效和安全性.方法 选择IgA肾病患者63例,分为LEF合并激素治疗组（LEF组）及大剂量激素治疗组（激素组）,观察治疗前和治疗6个月、12个月后的24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、肾小球率过滤（eGFR）、收缩压、舒张压等实验室指标的变化,并进行疗效评价.结果 LEF组和激素组治疗6个月和12个月后的24 h尿蛋白定量、收缩压、舒张压均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05）,血清白蛋白水平较治疗前显著升高（P＜0.05）,2组eGFR变化均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.治疗12个月后LEF组的总有效率明显高于激素组（P＜0.05）,而完全缓解率和部分缓解率的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,2组不良反应无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论 LEF联合激素可以作为治疗IgA肾病的选择之一,且安全、有效.