新抗喘药物的研究——茶碱衍生物及卤代苯乙醇胺化合物的合成

本文根据β_2-受体兴奋剂和茶碱类药物的作用机制,结合两类药物的基本结构和构效关系,运用新药设计中的拼合原理及生物电子等排原理,设计扦合成了两类共十六个尚未见于文献报导的化合物。经初步药理实验证明均具有抗哮喘作用,其中I_(5-8)活性较高,且对心脏副作用轻微,可望成为治疗哮喘的新药。     

用阑尾作输出道的可控回肠膀胱术（附三例报告）

目的：探讨带血管蒂游离阑尾倒置与脐吻合作输出道的可控回肠膀胱术在膀胱癌手术中的应用效果。方法：3例膀胱移行上皮癌，均为多发、浸润肿瘤。男2例，女1例。年龄52－64岁，平均58岁。行根治性全膀胱切除术后，采用带血管蒂游离阑尾倒置与脐吻合作输出道，行可控回肠膀胱术。结果：全部患者手术顺利，3例均获随访，时间分别为8个月、15个月、26个月，效果满意，脐部造口隐蔽，导尿管插管排尿通畅，无尿外溢，1例有轻度双肾积水，血肌酐、尿素氮均正常。结论：带血管蒂游离阑尾倒置与脐吻合作输出道的可控回肠膀胱术是一种治疗中、晚期膀胱癌的较理想的手术方法。     

酒精涂擦对吻合血管皮瓣温度影响的实验观察

用75%酒精进行局部皮肤消毒是医学领域中具有历史性的局部消毒方法,并广泛应用于临床工作已多年。在显微外科发展的现代,尤其是断指再植术后早期(7天内),用酒精消毒局部却成了影响成活率     

中国蒙,汉族酒依赖与醇脱氢酶和醛脱氢酶基因多态性的相关研究

为探讨醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）基因和醛脱氢酶（ＡＬＤＨ）基因多态性与酒依赖患病的相互关系，用耳血干血痕聚合酶链反应、等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针方法，检测乙醇代谢酶ＡＤＨ和ＡＬＤＨ基因型在我国蒙、汉民族酒依赖与非酒依赖者中分布频率。结果显示在酒依赖组（汉族５２例，蒙族３１例）与正常对照组（汉族４８例，蒙族３５例）之间：汉族的ＡＬＤＨ２基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），而蒙族则表示为ＡＤＨ２基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这提示汉族酒依赖的发病与ＡＬＤＨ２基因有关，蒙族则与ＡＤＨ２基因有关。     

部分性脾栓塞术并发症23例分析

采用部分性脾栓塞(Partial Splenic Embohzafion，IXSE)治疗肝硬化并发脾功能亢进能够有效地缓解脾功能亢进、改善外周血象，同时还保留了部分脾脏以完成其免疫功能，因而PSE已经成为替代外科脾切除的首选的治疗方法。但是PSE术后易出现一些并发症，若处理不当可能会影响脾栓塞的疗效，导致患者病情加重，甚至死亡。为此，本文对我院23例PSE术的并发症进行报告，并对其发生原因及其处理方法加以讨论。     

丁螺环酮和阿普唑仑治疗广泛性焦虑研究

目的：比较国产丁螺环酮和阿普唑仑治疗广泛性焦虑的疗效和不良反应。方法：对78例广泛性焦虑按照就医顺序分为两组，分别服用丁螺环酮(38例)和阿普唑仑(40例)。疗程6周。于治疗前及治疗第1、2、4、6周末进行汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果：丁螺环酮和阿普唑仑的疗效相仿，丁螺环酮的不良反应少且轻微，无过度镇静和肌肉松弛作用，不产生药物依赖。结论：丁螺环酮是治疗广泛性焦虑较为理想的药物。     

Thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia in severe traumatic brain injury

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods:Ninety-six inpatients with severe brain injury were randomized into three groups: SBC (selective brain cooling) group (n=24), MSH (mild systemic hypothermia ) group (n=30), and control (normothermia) group (n=42). The platelet counts and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Thrombocytopenia was present in 18 (75%), 23 (77%) and 15 (36%) patients in SBC group, MSH group and control group, respectively (P<0. 01). Thrombocytopenia, in which the minimum platelet count was seen 3 days after hypothermia, showed no significant difference between SBC and MSH group (P>0.05). Most platelet counts (37 cases, 90 %) in hypothermia group were returned to normal level after 1 to 2 days of natural rewarming. The platelet count in SBC group reduced by 16%, 27% and 29% at day 1, 3 and 5 respectively compared with the baseline value. Good recovery ( GOS score 4-5) rate of thrombocytopenia 1 year after injury for hypothermia group (17 cases, 37%) was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Therapeutic hypothermia increases the incidence of thrombocytopenia in severe TBI, and patients with thrombocytopenia after therapeutic hypothermia are associated with unfavorable neurological prognosis.     

缺血性脑白质病变的影像学评估

概述 随着CT、MR新技术的发展,神经影像学已不只是显示单纯的解剖结构,而且能够提供生理、生化等功能方面的信息.     

Epidemiology of age-related dementia in China.

Since the early 1980s, China has confronting adramatic change in population structure as well as arapid aging process. The proportion of the elderlyhas been increasing nation wide, and dementia is be-coming a major public health problem. However,the distribution of dementia among the aged, itsprevalence and incidence were unknown.Anepidemiological program was initiated in 1986 to in.vestigate this disorder in a community--based agedpopulation and to identify the possible risk factorsof Alzheimer's disease through collaboration withnine psychiatric hospitals in China, headed by the In-stitute of Mental Health, Beijing Medical University.     

绵毛黄芪苷和苦玄参苷的中枢抑制作用

报道了绵毛黄芪苷(SK)及其同类结构苦玄参苷(PIA)给予昆明种式BLC_(57)/1小鼠50mg/kg腹腔注射能明显延长硫贲妥钠的睡眠时间,用扭体法或热板法证实同量SK或PIA静脉注射能产生明显的镇痛作用。用格斗试验证实:同量SK或PIA腹腔注射可使小鼠格斗试验次数明显减少。提示两种苷可能具有中枢镇静、镇痛和安定作用;此类中枢抑制作用说明四环三萜皂苷类具有药用价值的前景。