自发性伸拇长肌腱断裂的临床诊治

目的探讨自发性伸拇长肌腱断裂的病因、病理特点和治疗效果。方法分析16例自发性伸拇长肌腱断裂的发病原因及诱因,16例病发前分别有桡骨远端骨折史,类风湿关节炎史,反复多次行局部封闭治疗病史,并分别采用端端缝合,食指固有伸肌腱转位修复,掌长肌移植,桡侧伸腕长、短肌及伸拇短肌腱转移修复。结果术后随访3～6个月,1例端端直接缝合,术后2周再断裂,改用拇短伸肌腱移位修复,另1例发生肌腱黏连二次手术松解,其余患指功能恢复良好。结论骨折端磨损或炎症侵蚀是伸拇肌腱自发性断裂的病理基础,修复方法有多种选择,拇短伸肌腱转位重建拇长伸肌腱疗效更为确切。     

不同门奇断流术式对门静脉高压症犬食管下段血管再生的影响

Objective To explore the effect on blood vessel regeneration of distal esophagus in ca-nines of portal hypertension with liver cirrhosis after different procedures with paraesophagastrie devascular-ization. Methods Portal hypertension models were produced in canines by subcutaneous injection of 60% CC14 combined with food restriction. Forty eight model canines were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, traditional paraesophagastrie devascularization;group B, selective paraesophagastric devascularization;group C, paraesophagastric devascularization plus distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with sta-pler;group D,control group. Every group had 12 canines which were randomly divided into A1 ,B1 ,C1 ,D1, A2,B2,C2 and D2 groups after the operation. Canines in groups A1 ,B1 ,C1 and D1 were executed at first month after the operation,and those in groups A2, B2, C2 and D2 were executed at the 6th month after the operation. The distal esophagus was segmented when the canines were executed. The upside and downside of the stoma in group C were distinguished and signed as Ca and Cb. Immunohistochemieal methods were used to detect VEGF,CD34 and FVⅧ-Rag,blood vessel-related factors,in lower esophagus. Results The expres-sion levels of VEGF and CD34 MVD,FⅧ-Rag MVD in groups A1 ,B1 and C1 were lower than those in group D1 one month after the operation (P <0.05). All the indices in group B1 were lower than those in groups A1 and Clb,but higher than those in group Cla (P <0.05). The indices in group Cla were lower than those in group C1b (P < 0.05 ). The indices in groups A2 and B2 were higher than those in groups A1 and B1, re-spectively at the 6th month after the operation (P <0.05). They were higer in outer membrane in group C1a than in group C2a (P <0.05). The indices in group C2b were higher than those in group Clb (P<0.05). Conclusion At the first month after operation, the expression of blood vessel-related factors was declined in three different procedures of paraesophagastric devascularization,which indicated that all three different pro-cedures could diminish the vessels in distal esophagus. The effect in group C was most obvious among all groups. At the 6th month after traditional paraesophagastrie devascularization and selective paraesophagastrie devascularization, the expression of blood vessel-related factors in distal esophagus was declined. But there were no significant changes in the expression of blood vessel-related factors in distal esophagus after parae-sophagastric devascularization plus distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with stapler. It indicated that the blood vessel regeneration in paraesophagastric devascularization pins distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with stapler was inferior to that in other procedures.     

经皮肾镜取石和经尿道输尿管镜碎石治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效比较

目的:比较微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)与经尿道输尿管镜碎石术(URL)治疗输尿管上段结石的方法。方法:200例单侧输尿管上段结石的患者,90例采用MPCNL进行治疗;110例采用URL治疗,其中46例接受辅助ESWL治疗。结果:MPCNL组术后3天结石清除率为97.7%(88/90),术后1个月结石清除率为100%(90/90)。URL术后3天结石清除率为25.4%(28/110),术后1个月结石清除率为81.8%(90/110),均显著低于MPCNL组(P<0.05)。结论:MPCNL治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石有很高的结石清除率,URL手术治疗效果稍差,可以联合ESWL提高疗效。     

肩-腘悬吊自体牵引法治疗新生儿股骨干骨折

目的新生儿股骨干骨折多见于产伤，临床常见：有多种外固定和肢体牵引疗法可供选择．但新生儿皮肤幼嫩，各种常规外固定及皮牵引均有损伤皮肤的危险。为避免此种并发症，笔者设计采用了“肩-腘悬吊”自体牵引法进行治疗。方法将患肢置屈髋屈膝位，使患儿大腿与其腹部相贴：取一围巾自患肢胭窝经背部绕过对侧肩部在胸前打结，使患侧大腿悬吊牵引伸直。结果本组13例，悬吊牵引15d，患肢肿痛消失，无畸形，股骨对线好，无重叠，有大量骨痂形成。去牵引后患肢活动好，临床治愈。结论肩一胭悬吊自体牵引法治疗新生儿股骨干骨折，具有操作方法简便易行，生物力学合理，治疗效果可靠，便于患儿护理等特点，临床效果良好?适合医院及家庭内的治疗观察，值得采用。     

腋下副乳手术切除的临床研究

副乳由胚胎乳腺始基发育而成,亦称异位乳腺、多乳腺症或多乳畸形,属于先天性发育异常,最常见的生长部位是腋下。副乳是一种返祖现象,副乳越大,畸形越严重。大的腋下副乳对腋窝的外观影响较大,往往需要手术切除。     

柿粪石性肠梗阻13例诊治体会

柿粪石性肠梗阻临床上较少见，且易与其他机械性肠梗阻相混淆，故术前诊断较为困难。我院自2003年5月～2005年10月收治本病患者13例，效果满意，现将我们的诊治体会报告如下。     

不同断流术式对门静脉高压症犬胃黏膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的 检测对不同断流术式前后门静脉高压症犬胃黏膜细胞凋亡,观察其对门脉高压性胃病(PHG)影响.方法 将肝硬化门静脉高压症模型犬24条,随机分为A组(传统断流组)、B组(选择性断流组)、C组(吻合器断流组)及D组(对照组),每组6条.分别于术中及术后6个月测自由门静脉压(FPP),取胃组织,采用原位末端脱氧核苷标记法(TUNEL)染色测凋亡指数(AI)及Caspase-3蛋白免疫组织化学染色计算各染色强度细胞评分总和(H值).结果 术后6个月内,A、B、C组FPP均明显下降,其中以B组下降最为明显,其次为C组,最后为A组.术后6个月,A组AI值由术前的(14.68±1.28)%增全(20.22±2.20)%(P＜0.05),H值由术前的56.13±11.75增至113.78±19.80(P＜0.05);B组AI值由术前的(13.63±1.19)%降至(9.98±2.29)%(P＜0.05),H值由术前的59.13±10.07降至22.35±4.75(P＜0.05).C、D组术后6个月与术前比较,AI和H值无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 肝硬化门静脉高压症犬行传统断流术术后胃黏膜细胞凋亡加重,PHG病变程度加剧;选择性断流术后胃黏膜细胞凋亡减轻,PHG病变程度改善;吻合器断流术后胃黏膜细胞凋亡变化无差异,对PHG病变影响不大.     

显微手术与血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤临床体会

颅内动脉瘤破裂所致的蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage．SAH）是较为常见的急性脑血管意外,本院2004年9月至2008年12月手术夹闭治疗动脉瘤26例。同时血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤27例,现报道如下。     

M细胞在急性胰腺炎肠黏膜屏障中的作用

目的 明确M细胞在急性胰腺炎时细胞因子TNF-α、1L-18的表达情况,探索M细胞在肠黏膜屏障功能中的町能作用.方法 SD大鼠,随机分为急性胰腺炎6、12、24、48 h组及对照组,每组10只,建立大鼠急性胰腺炎模型,收集标本.检测血清淀粉酶、谷丙转氨酶的变化,鲎试剂法检测血清内毒素变化,ELISA法检测血清内细胞因子TNF-α、IL-18的变化,检测肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位情况,观察同肠黏膜病理形态学改变,LCM、RT-PCR法检测M细胞中TNF-α mRNA、IL-18mRNA的表达,免疫荧光双重染色法观察M细胞中TNF-α、IL-18的表达.结果 (1)血淀粉酶在胰腺炎6、12、24 h组升高,48 h组下降.(2)血清内毒素在急性胰腺炎12、24、48 h组升高,6 h组无明显升高,肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位菌落数在急性胰腺炎各时间点均升高.(3)血清TNF-α在急性胰腺炎组6、12、24 h组升高,48 h组下降到正常水平,血清IL-18在胰腺炎各时间点均升高,在24 h达到最高水平.(4)病理检查发现,在急性胰腺炎组随着时间延长回肠黏膜水肿逐渐加重.(5)免疫荧光双重染色结果显示,在急性胰腺炎组的各时间段M细胞TNF-α蛋白表达均为阳性,在6 h、12 h和24 h组M细胞内的IL-18蛋白表达呈明显阳性,对照组阴性.(6)在急性胰腺炎组各时间TNF-αmRNA的表达量均高于对照组.从术后6h开始升高并达到一个平台期,在12 h和24 h维持在较高水平,到术后48 h TNF-αmRNA的表达量较前下降但仍高于对照组.在6 h、12 h IL-18 mRNA的表达升高,48 h下降.结论 在急性胰腺炎,肠黏膜屏障功能受到不同程度损害,M细胞合成TNF-α、IL-18增加,M细胞可能在肠道黏膜免疫反应中发挥一定作用,但还需进一步研究.     

无张力修补术在嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝、股疝中的应用

目的　探讨无张力修补术在治疗嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝、股疝中的价值。方法　回顾总结我院 1998年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 8月行无张力疝修补术治疗嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝、股疝 3 7例患者的临床资料。其中腹股沟斜疝嵌顿 3 3例 ,股疝嵌顿 4例 ;行平片式无张力疝修补术 2 7例 ,疝环充填式无张力疝修补术 10例。结果　本组随访 3～ 60个月无手术死亡病例 ,无伤口感染 ,术后无复发。结论　无张力修补术是治疗嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝、股疝安全可靠的术式。对于被嵌顿内容物只要无脓肿形成、坏死肠管未破裂同样适合 ,避免了患者二次手术