病毒感染的血液学改变

病毒(virus)是一种非细胞型微生物，个体微小，可通过细菌滤器，结构简单，由蛋白质与核酸组成，而且核酸只含有一种类型(DNA或RNA)。缺乏产生能量的酶系统，只能在敏感的活细胞内以复制方式进行增殖，为严格细胞内寄生。     

经纤维支气管镜治疗支气管胸膜瘘6例

支气管胸膜瘘（BPF）是指肺泡、各级支气管与胸膜腔交通的窦道。2004年以来我们采用经纤维支气管镜注射医用吻合胶（0B胶）加持续胸腔闭式引流或间断残腔冲洗治疗BPF6例，现总结报道如下。     

精神分裂症脑结构异常与临床

半个多世纪以来，医学界对精神分裂症脑部形态结构的研究，一直受到各国学者的关注，但由于研究方法和使用标准不一，其研究结果不尽一致。近20年来，随着新技术的应用，如电子计算机断层扫描(CT)及MRI等，为研究精神分裂症脑部形态学改变与临床之间的关系，提供了良好的机会。国内外学者在这方面做了大量工作，现将有关资料综述如下：     

颈椎间盘突出症的髓核突出类型及其临床意义

目的对颈椎间盘突出症进行分型,并探讨其临床意义。方法手术治疗颈椎间盘突出症110例,根据MRI特点分为Ⅰ型,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,并就分型和临床的关系,选择手术方式。结果两节段以下的各型突出,含有Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型突出的多节段颈椎间盘突出,伴动力性颈椎不稳的各型突出,均应首选前路手术;三节段以上的Ⅰ型突出,发育性颈椎管狭窄合并Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型突出,应选择后路手术。结论颈椎间盘突出症的分型对手术入路选择有指导意义。     

胃良性和恶性病变组织中β-半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素的表达及其临床病理意义

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3(gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and their clinicopathological significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach. Methods EnVisonTM immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive level and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive level were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from specimens of gastric cancer(n=49), peritumoral tissues(n=20), metastastic foci of lymph nodes(n=36), and different types of benign lesions(n=80). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in peritumoral tissues and different types of benign lesions (P<0.05, P<0.01). The positive cases of gal-3 and/or SNA in peritumoral tissues and benign lesions showed mild- to severe-atypical hyperplasia of mucous epithelial cells. No difference was found between the primary foci and metastatic foci in gal-3 and SNA expressions (P>0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly lower in histologic grade Ⅱ, infitrating depth T1,T2 and no-metastasis of regional lymph node than those in histologic grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, infitrating depth T3,T4 and metastasis of lymph node in gastric cancer(P<0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were higher in lymphnede metastatic site N1 and no-metastasis of distant organs than those in lymphnede metastatic site N2, N3 and metastasis of distant organs, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The consistence was found between the expression of gal-3 and SNA in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=6.59,P<0.05). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA may be important molecular markers of lectins for reflecting the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors in gastric cancer.     

新辅助化疗对结直肠癌的作用

目的探讨短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗对结直肠癌细胞凋亡、增殖和p53表达以及术后并发症和预后的影响。方法分别采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）和免疫组化SP法检测68例患者结直肠癌组织的细胞凋亡指数（AI）和ki-67增殖指数（PI）及凋亡相关基因p53的表达,并比较新辅助化疗组和对照组患者术后并发症的发生情况和预后情况。结果新辅助化疗组肿瘤细胞的AI均数为3.56%,明高于对照组的2.29%（P〈0.01）,PI均数为22.60%明显低于对照组的33.60%（P〈0.01）,p53阳性表达率为28.9%（11/38）明显低于对照组的56.7%（17/30）（P〈0.05）。两组中大肠癌细胞的AI与PI均呈负相关（r=-0.790,r=-0.663）（P〈0.01）。两组术后并发症的发生差异无显著性（P〈0.05）。两组的复发转移率和复发转移平均时间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗可以显著诱导结直肠癌细胞凋亡,并抑制其增殖;降低结直肠癌组织p53的阳性表达率,而不增加术后并发症的发生,能延缓和减少结直肠癌术后的复发转移。     

胃良性和恶性病变组织中β-半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素的表达及其临床病理意义

Objective To study the expressive levels of galectin-3(gal-3) and sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and their clinicopathological significance in the benign and malignant lesions of stomach. Methods EnVisonTM immunohistochemistry for assaying gal-3 expressive level and ABC cytochemistry for determining SNA expressive level were used in conventional paraffin-embedded sections from specimens of gastric cancer(n=49), peritumoral tissues(n=20), metastastic foci of lymph nodes(n=36), and different types of benign lesions(n=80). Results The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in peritumoral tissues and different types of benign lesions (P<0.05, P<0.01). The positive cases of gal-3 and/or SNA in peritumoral tissues and benign lesions showed mild- to severe-atypical hyperplasia of mucous epithelial cells. No difference was found between the primary foci and metastatic foci in gal-3 and SNA expressions (P>0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were significantly lower in histologic grade Ⅱ, infitrating depth T1,T2 and no-metastasis of regional lymph node than those in histologic grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, infitrating depth T3,T4 and metastasis of lymph node in gastric cancer(P<0.05). The positive rates of gal-3 and SNA were higher in lymphnede metastatic site N1 and no-metastasis of distant organs than those in lymphnede metastatic site N2, N3 and metastasis of distant organs, but no significant difference was found (P>0.05). The consistence was found between the expression of gal-3 and SNA in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=6.59,P<0.05). Conclusions The expressive levels of gal-3 and SNA may be important molecular markers of lectins for reflecting the carcinogenesis, progression and biological behaviors in gastric cancer.     

小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝术式探讨

目的 探讨经腹横纹切口腹腔内行小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝还纳修补术的疗效。方法 自2000年以来我们共收治小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝36例，全部采用经腹横纹切口腹腔内还纳修补的方法，对本方法与传统治疗方法优缺点进行对比分析。结果 本方法无副损伤，无血肿与复发。结论 经腹横纹切口腹腔内行小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝还纳修补术是一种有效的方法，可推广应用。     

大学生篮球运动员集训期间部分淋巴细胞亚群和Th1/Th2细胞因子mRNA表达变化分析

目的:探讨大负荷体能训练对大学生篮球运动员细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:14名男子大学生篮球运动员进行为期16周的集训,在训练期间分次对运动员外周血淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比值、NK细胞比例)和Th1/Th2细胞因子 mRNA表达进行检测。结果:在两次分别持续了6周的训练期后,运动员外周血CD3+淋巴细胞数于增加后出现显著下降,从第7周的峰值(59.74±7.18)下降至第16周的最低值(52.02±7.92)(P<0.001);CD8+细胞数第16周(31.15±6.25)与第3周(37.98±7.05)相比显著下降(P<0.05);NK细胞数从第7周的最高值(19.62±5.21)下降至第14周的最低值(14.41±7.93)(P<0.05);IL-4 mRNA表达训练后与基础值(6.56±0.71)相比显著增加,从第7周的7.04±0.35和第14周的7.30±0.25,直至第16周达到最大值7.36±0.45(P<0.05),其他指标的变化不具有统计学意义。结果提示,大负荷训练使运动员细胞免疫功能削弱,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2方向漂移。     

跷式骨科牵引架的研制和应用

目的 研制一种一架通用的骨科牵引架。方法 在我们发明的跷式下肢骨折牵引架的基础上，结合人体各部位牵引治疗的不同需要，对各构件进行多用途改造设计并新增构件，使其在需要时能重新组成各种类型的牵引架，材料选用金属。结果 经6次样机实验与修改，研制出可应用于全身各部位牵引的跷式骨科牵引架，结构包括可拆卸和重组的主件(主架，副架，基架)和辅件(L形架、功能扩张板、稳定杆)以及各种连接件等。经102例的住院、门诊和家庭患者的应用，重组功能和疗效均达到了要求，效果满意。结论 一台(架)具备全部骨科牵引架功能的装置(跷式骨科牵引架)的设计和制造是能实现的，并能获得良好的应用效果。