阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝功能和病理形态学研究

目的:探讨胆管阻塞对大鼠肝脏功能和病理形态学的影响.方法:60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组:胆总管结扎组(BDL,n=50)和假手术组(n=10,仅游离胆总管不予结扎).BDL组据结扎持续时间又分为BDL3、BDL7、BDL14、BDL28和BDL42组(每组10只),分别于术后第3、7、14、28、42日测定血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)等肝功能指标,并观察肝脏组织病理形态.假手术组于术后7 d行上述检测.结果:与假手术组相比,BDL组大鼠肝脏功能指标明显改变,血清TBIL、DBIL、TBA值在阻塞早期(BDL3 或BDL7 组)为最高,后呈下降趋势,至实验末期(BDL42组)时仍高于对照组;ALT等酶学指标也有类似变化.BDL组大鼠的主要病理形态学改变为肝内小胆管增生和肝纤维化.结论:大鼠肝脏功能阻塞早期即发生明显的损害,机体可产生一定的代偿以改善肝功能,但持续存在的胆管阻塞最终导致肝纤维化.大鼠阻塞性黄疸期内病理形态学的改变显示其肝功能测定值并不能反映其肝脏组织的实际损害程度.     

改良儿童早期预警评分在重症腺病毒肺炎患儿预后评估中的应用研究

目的 探讨改良儿童早期预警评分(Pediatric Early Warning Score,PEWS)在儿童重症腺病毒肺炎(Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia,SAP)预后评估中的应用价值。方法 对内蒙古地区三所医院儿科近年收治的209例SAP患儿进行改良PEWS评分,追踪患儿预后,根据临床转归分为预后良好组和预后不良组；比较两组改良PEWS评分差异,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),评价改良PEWS评分预测SAP患儿预后的价值。结果 209例SAP患儿,171例预后良好,38例预后不良(包括死亡及好转不明显或甚至加重),两组间改良PEWS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),预后良好组改良PEWS分值显著低于预后不良组；ROC曲线分析显示,当PEWS评分超过7分时,患儿30d病死率高,预后差；取截断值为7.0分时,敏感性(Sen)为76.00%,特异性(Spe)为82.00%,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.883。结论 改良PEWS评分结构简单,获取数据便捷,在评估儿童重症腺病毒肺炎严重程度和预后方面具有一定的预测价值。     

两种净水剂处理医院污水致突变物研究

医院污水经氯化消毒后，卤代烃含量显著增加。应用离子交换树脂和颗粒活性炭处理医院消毒后的污水，并对净化前后污水作卤代烃含量分析、Ａｍｅｓ试验和微核试验。实验结果表明，经净化处理后污水中致突变物质显著减少，其中离子交换树脂净化剂的净化效果明显优于颗粒活性炭。     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 during induction period from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. Methods Twenty-six hepatobiliary surgical patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, aged 32 y-59 y, weighing 54 kg-73 kg, were randomized into 2 groups(n=13): hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group(HS)and complex acetic acid Ringer's solution (RL). Above-mentioned solutions were infused 7 ml/kg respectively before induction. The pulmonary circulation hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and right ventricular stroke work(RVSW) were recorded at base value(T0), 10 min after infusion(T1), 5 min after induction(T2), 5 rain after intubation(T3), 10 rain after intubation(T4)and 20 min after intubation(T5). Results PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP and CVP were significantly higher in group HS at T, than the values at T0 (P<0.05); PVR in group HS was obviously lower from T1 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01); RVSW was significantly higher in two groups at T1 than base value (P<0.05), but that in group HS was lower than base value (P<0.05 or P<0.01); HR obviously decreased in two groups from T2 to T5 as compared with the value at T0 (P<0.05); MAP was lower from T3 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PVR was obviously lower in group HS from T1 to T5 than that in group RL (P<0.05 or P<0.01); MAP obviously increased from T2 to T5 in group HS as compared with the value in group RL(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can obviously reduce PVR during induction pe-riod from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. In all, there is no effect on pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.     

HMGB1与HMBOX1的高表达在结直肠癌患者预后评估中的作用

目的:探究高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)与核转录因子1(HMBOX1)的高表达在结直肠癌患者预后评估中的作用。方法:选取96例结直肠癌切除术患者作为研究对象。采用免疫组化法检测各患者结直肠癌组织及远端结直肠组织HMGB1与HMBOX1的表达情况,并根据免疫组化结果不同分为HMGB1高表达组(n=60)与低表达组(n=36),HMBOX1高表达组(n=55)与低表达组(n=41)。分析结直肠癌组织中HMGB1与HMBOX1表达的相关性;采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和Log-rank法比较两组患者的生存率;Cox回归综合生存分析影响患者预后的危险因素,分析结直肠癌患者预后差异。结果:HMGB1与HMBOX1在结直肠癌组织中的表达水平较正常的结直肠组织升高(P<0.05)。HMGB1高表达与患者结直肠癌分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05);HMBOX1高表达与患者年龄、结直肠癌TNM分期及分化程度均具有相关性(P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中HMGB1与HMBOX1高表达具有相关性(P<0.05)。生存分析结果显示,HMGB1高表达组第3、5年的总生存率及无瘤生存...     

专兼职护理教师课堂教学效果的比较分析

目的 通过教学督导组对专、兼职护理教师课堂教学的评价,分析专、兼职教师课堂教学中存在的问题.方法 选择在2006年9月至2008年7月间承担护理学专业课教学的47名护理教师,采用学院编制的教师课堂教学评价表进行评价,主要包括教学内容等10个项目,评价标准分优、中、差3个等级并附以不同的分值.结果 专职教师各项的得分均高于兼职教师,专、兼职护理教师在教学内容、熟练程度、教学方法、板书书写、外语运用等方面得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 专职教师的课堂教学效果好于兼职教师,兼职教师在教学熟练程度、教学方法运用、板书书写、外语运用等方面需要加以提高.     

天然生物医用高分子材料的研究进展

多糖和蛋白质是自然界中重要的天然高分子，具有很好的生物相容性、可降解性和低毒性，因此由它们所形成的天然生物医用高分子材料有着广泛的应用前景。本文着重评述当前几类重要天然生物医用高分子材料的研究进展状况和发展趋势，涉及具有特殊功能的多糖、两亲性多糖衍生物、生物大分子前药以及天然高分子类水凝胶。     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 during induction period from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. Methods Twenty-six hepatobiliary surgical patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, aged 32 y-59 y, weighing 54 kg-73 kg, were randomized into 2 groups(n=13): hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group(HS)and complex acetic acid Ringer's solution (RL). Above-mentioned solutions were infused 7 ml/kg respectively before induction. The pulmonary circulation hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and right ventricular stroke work(RVSW) were recorded at base value(T0), 10 min after infusion(T1), 5 min after induction(T2), 5 rain after intubation(T3), 10 rain after intubation(T4)and 20 min after intubation(T5). Results PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP and CVP were significantly higher in group HS at T, than the values at T0 (P<0.05); PVR in group HS was obviously lower from T1 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01); RVSW was significantly higher in two groups at T1 than base value (P<0.05), but that in group HS was lower than base value (P<0.05 or P<0.01); HR obviously decreased in two groups from T2 to T5 as compared with the value at T0 (P<0.05); MAP was lower from T3 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PVR was obviously lower in group HS from T1 to T5 than that in group RL (P<0.05 or P<0.01); MAP obviously increased from T2 to T5 in group HS as compared with the value in group RL(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can obviously reduce PVR during induction pe-riod from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. In all, there is no effect on pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.     

国内外社区护理教育比较

从学历及岗位资质、社区护理专业方向及社区护理课程设置、社区护理教学机构设置、社区护理继续教育与社区护士培训、社区护理实验室与实习基地建设方面，对国内外社区护理教育现状进行了分析比较。