低体重婴儿的护理

据Drillien 数年前的研究,过小婴儿的死亡率很高,出生体重在1500克以下的存活婴儿中发现有三分之二是异常的。最近,从1960年以后的情况来看,低体重儿(≤2500克)的死亡率已有一定程度的下降,尤其是智力发育情况有了明显的改善,所以,低体重儿的护理,不仅要使婴儿存活,还要达到婴儿体格和智力上正常发育的目的。一低体重儿的护理:从妊娠开始就应注意到影响胚胎和胎儿的各种因素,因这些因素都会影响新生儿今后的生活。1.妊娠期:低体重儿是过早分娩或宫内发育不良所致,大多数病例虽属难以避免,但有时还是可以预防的;妥善的分娩方式可使婴儿免受损伤,产科护理对婴儿的预后也非常重要。     

ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE ANESTHESIA IN PITUITARY ADENOMA EXTIRPATION

It is clinically shown that the analgesic effect of electro-acupuncture anesthesia (EAA) for cranial operations is more effective than for other parts of the botly. Among all cranial operations the analgesic effect of prefrontal craniotomy is best. Since 1975, 43 patient.s with pituitary adenoma operated on under EAA had good or excellent results in 41/43. In this series the patients' general conditions and mental status were similar. The OPeration was carried out as a small osteoplastic flap craniotomy in the right frontal region. All acupuncture points used were close to the sensory nerve branches around the operative field. According to the puncture locations the cases are divided int0 2 groups. In Group A the points were very close to the nerves distributed in the frontal operative field includ- ing Zanzhu 攒竹, Yuyao 鱼腰, Ermen 耳门 and Shangguan 上关 In Group B point Chuan- liao 颧鼹 was located near the infraorbital nerve with another point at the ipsilateral ear lobe as a coupling point, both were a little farther away from the operative field. The good and excellent results in Group A and B included all patients except l in each group (statistically insignificant). Although a few patients com- plained or groaned slightly, they could tolerate the ent.ire operation. All points used in Groups A and B are close to sensory branches of trigeminal nerve and/or the analgesia is connected with changes of some neurochemical elements within the central ner- vous system (e.g. endorphine, 5HT). The authors' experience is that points close to sensory branches near the central nervous system have better EAA analgesic effect.     

敏筛定量过敏原检查在哮喘病因诊断及防治中的应用

哮喘是变态反应性疾病,呈慢性反复发作,检测特异性IgE(sIgE)变应原对其预防与治疗至关重要。我们应用德国MEDI WSSALLERGYSCREEN过敏原体外检测系统,对81例哮喘患儿进行sIgE检测,探讨sIgE在哮喘病因诊断及治疗中的临床价值,现将结果报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料选择2005年     

扶正补血冲剂质量标准的研究

扶正补血冲剂由红芪、当归、阿胶等组成。用于化疗、放疗引起的血细胞减少及免疫指标低下。为控制其质量,采用薄层色谱法对红芪、当归进行鉴别,定氮法测定阿胶的含量,结果满意。１仪器与试药１．１布奇－３２１定氮仪：瑞士。１．２阿魏酸对照品、红芪对照药材：中国药...     

老年髋部手术患者围术期白细胞β2整合素表达的变化

目的探讨老年手术患者在麻醉和手术围期白细胞表面黏附分子表达情况.方法择期髋部手术老年患者20例,年龄75～88岁,采用流式细胞仪方法,在围术期多个时间点测定外周血白细胞黏附分子的表达.结果与麻醉前相比,手术结束时单核细胞系CD11b,CD18,CD11b/CD18及粒细胞系CD11b的阳性表达率显著增加(P<0.05);术后第1天单核细胞及粒细胞系的CD11b,CD18,CD11b/CD18的阳性表达率进一步升高,而淋巴细胞系的CD11b,CD18,CD11b/CD18的阳性表达率则较麻醉前显著降低(P<0.01);术后第3天三者均未完全恢复到术前水平.结论老年手术患者术后多个细胞系的β2整合素的表达发生显著变化,提示全身免疫功能发生异常改变.     

干式荧光发光法在HBV感染诊疗中应用价值

目的 分析评价干式荧光发光法在HBV感染诊疗中的应用价值.方法 收集2020年6月1日至2020年12月31日昆明市第三人民医院肝病科就诊患者血清样本397例,其中360例样本采用干式荧光发光法、酶联免疫法进行HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb和HBcAb五项检测,经电化学发光法检测为HBsAg阳性HBeAg血清学转换期的37例样本采用干式荧光发光法、酶联免疫法和胶体金法3种检测技术进行HBsAg、HBeAg和HBeAb 3项检测,对比分析干式荧光发光法在HBV感染诊疗中各检测项目的阳性符合率、阴性符合率、总符合率等指标.结果 酶联免疫法S/C值与干式荧光发光法S/C值趋势基本一致,呈正相关(γ=0.819,0.913,0.906,0.732,0.842,P<0.001).2种检测技术HBV5项的阳性符合率、阴性符合率、总符合率均>90％,具有较高的一致性(Kappa=0.949,0.944,0.955,0.842,0.949).37例HBsAg阳性HBeAg血清学转换期的血清样本检测结果显示干式荧光发光法与罗氏电化学发光HBeAb阳性符合率100％(37/37)远远高于酶联免疫法18.92％(7/37)和胶体金法5.40％(2/37),差异统计学意义(=13.714,22.752,P<0.001).结论 干式荧光发光法能有效的反映出HBeAg血清学转换期,常规HBV筛查试验与酶联免疫法具有较高的一致性,同时具备检测时长短、无频繁手工操作、操作简便等优点,有很好的应用前景.     

护士工作拾零

一、重症监护非同一般我要讲的这个情况也许会使读者感到吃惊,但对我来说却是意料之中的事。那时我在重症监护病房工作,一天来上班时发现一位血压已经降至低于正常的病人还在滴注硝普盐(降压药),便问那位正要下班的护士为何未给病人停药,她吃惊地反问我道:“哦?这也要我来管吗?”我只得失望地摇了摇头,了解事实真相后才知这是一位昨晚刚调来重症监护病房(ICU)工作的机动护士,她对硝普盐这种药物一无所知。这种情况少见吗?给ICU调配机动护士的领导们显然认为这是少有的事,但我却不以为然,领导也许以为只要一跨进ICU的门,机动护士便能摇身一变而为ICU护士,或者他们的想法正如他们对这些护士叮     

家庭氧气治疗

家庭氧气治疗的指征是纠正低氧血并预防反映脑、心、与肺功能异常的低氧有害细胞效应。临床衡量一个病人低氧血是直接测量动脉血氧张力与饱和度。在处理由于慢性肺疾病而引起的低氧血是家庭氧气治疗的主要临床指征。给氧治疗应该规定对那些经过一个月适当药物处理显示出休息时非半坐位,动脉氧张力小于55mmHg或动脉氧饱和<85%的病人。病人有肺动脉高压的证据,精神活力不足或红细胞增多。如果他们的动脉氧张力<60mmHg,病人就适合作家庭氧气治疗。在美国国家健康夜间氧气治疗试验研究所对由于     

USE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND IWU-DIMENSIUNAL CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF PATEN''T DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Sixty-six patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were prospectively studied by 2-DE and 2 DCE with 106 patients suffering from other heart diseases as control. In the diagnosis of PDA by 2一 DE, the parasternal long axis view of pulmonary artery, parasternal sagittal view and suprasternal view were satisfactory concerning their sensitivity, specifi- city and accuracy. Of the three planes, the best one appeared to be the parasternal long axis of pulmonary artery, the sensitivity of' the other two was not as good as the first. 2-DE false positive diagnosis of PDA could be corrected by 2-DCE, which can furnish information in regard to hemodynamic changes. A diastolic negative contrast effect at the distal end of pulmonary artery pointed to a large left-toright shunt, and an early systolic positive contrast effect in the PDA and descending aorta pointed to a pulmonary hyper tension. A regression equation which is capable of assessing Qp/Qs noninvasively in children with PDA was derived from parameters calculated from 2-DCE and M-ECHO by means of stepwise regression pro- cedure. The accuracy of calculation of Qp/Qs by the regression equation was 80％