重症急性胰腺炎肾损伤危险因素分析

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）发生急性肾损伤的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析收治的245例SAP患者临床资料,根据是否发生肾损伤将患者分为急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）组及非急性肾损伤（non-acute kidney injury,NAKI）组,AKI组43例,NAKI组202例,比较组间相关指标的差异。结果 SAP相关AKI的发生率为17．6％（43／245）。AKI组患者平均BMI[（26．8±7．4）vs（22．3±5．6）]、高脂血症发生率（58．1％vs 31．2％）较高,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。相关指标的多元回归分析发现,BMI（OR 1．17,95％CI 1．06～1．30,P＜0．05）,高脂血症（OR 2．96,95％ CI 1．49～5．92,P＜0．05）是SAP发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论肥胖、高脂血症是SAP发生AKI的的独立危险因素,可作为预测SAP患者发生AKI的预测指标。     

补肾开窍方通过抑制IRE1/XBP1内质网应激通路发挥对帕金森病模型大鼠的神经保护作用

【目的】探讨补肾开窍方对6-羟基多巴(6-OHDA)诱导的帕金森病(PD)模型大鼠的神经保护作用及可能机制。【方法】将60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,即假手术组、模型组、石菖蒲挥发油组、龟板组、补肾开窍方组、IRE1抑制剂组,每组10只。采用大鼠左脑立体注射6-OHDA法建立PD大鼠模型。造模结束后,石菖蒲挥发油组大鼠给予30 mg/kg石菖蒲挥发油灌胃,龟板组大鼠给予3.77 g/kg龟板液灌胃,补肾开窍方组给予3.77 g/kg龟板液、30 mg/kg石菖蒲挥发油灌胃,IRE1抑制剂组大鼠给予15 mg/kg STF-083110腹腔注射,每日2次,给药30 d。高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定纹状体内单胺类神经递质多巴胺(DA)的含量,流式细胞术测定中脑内酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达率,蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法测定纹状体内葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、C/EBP家族同源蛋白(CHOP)、磷酸化需肌醇酶1(p-IRE1)和X盒结合蛋白1(XBP1)的表达。【结果】与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠的自主运动功能、平衡能力与协调性及感觉运动整合功能显著降低(P0.05),单胺类神经递质DA和TH表达显著降低(P0.05),内质网应激(ERS)指标GRP78、CHOP表达及纹状体内p-IRE1、XBP1表达均升高(P0.05)。补肾开窍方可使大鼠的行为学改善,增加脑内DA和TH含量,使ERS指标GRP78、CHOP表达降低,降低纹状体p-IRE1和XBP1水平[与IRE1抑制剂组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)]。【结论】补肾开窍方可能通过抑制ERS的IRE1/XBP1通路对6-OHDA诱导的PD模型大鼠产生神经保护作用。     

深部脓肿合并糖尿病患者外科治疗效果分析

目的:探讨B超引导下脓肿穿刺联合切开引流术治疗糖尿病合并深部脓肿与单一方式治疗的疗效差别。方法:将 48 例经B超或CT检查确诊为深部脓肿的患者分为超声引导穿刺引流组（穿刺组）、手术切开引流组( 切开组)以及穿刺联合切开引流组（联合组）,比较3组的切口长度、住院时间、脓肿愈合情况及复发情况等。结果:采用穿刺引流联合切开引流患者术后较另外两组患者术后脓腔愈合时间更短,术后1年复发率较穿刺组低,住院时间及切口长度较切开组短,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:对于深部脓肿,将脓肿穿刺引流后再行切开引流效果优于两种中任何一种单一治疗方法,能达到较好的治疗效果,在临床上可用于更好的治疗深部脓肿。     

两种基于模型迭代重建算法在腹部低剂量CT中的应用

目的以腹部常规剂量40%ASIR重建来评价两种基于模型迭代重建算法(MBIRSTND与MBIRNR40)在低辐射剂量扫描时的图像质量及辐射剂量减低率。方法连续纳入接受腹部增强复查的患者20例,首次检查行常规剂量(NI=10)扫描并ASIR40%重建;复查时,采用低剂量扫描(NI=20),并采用MBIRSTND与MBIRNR40重建。客观测量图像噪声值(SD)和CT值,计算SNR、CNR,比较各参数之间差异;由2名医师对通图像进行主观评分,包括图像锐利度、噪声、伪影和诊断接受度,并进行对比分析。记录每例患者每次检查的剂量长度乘积(DLP)和CT剂量指数(CTDIVOL),计算剂量减低率。结果对于腹部脏器,低剂量MBIRSTND(NI=20)图像与常规剂量40%ASIR(NI=10)在图像噪声(SD)、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)方面无统计学差异(P0.05),低剂量MBIRSTND、MBIRNR40重建比40%ASIR图像有更低伪影和噪声,MBIRNR40图像SNR、CNR最高,主观评价结果更佳(P0.05)。低剂量扫描的DLP值和CTDIVOL值分别为(95.56±47.17)mGy*cm和(3.04±1.48)mGy,而常规剂量ASIR40%重建的DLP值和CTDIVOL分别为(376.39±160.40)mGy*cm和(12.16±5.18)mGy,辐射剂量减低约75%。结论相比常规剂量扫描(NI=10)ASIR40%重建,低剂量扫描(NI=20)MBIRSTND、MBIRNR40重建在扫描辐射剂量降低75%的情况下,能有效降低噪声,提高图像SNR及CNR。     

肺癌CT仿真支气管内窥镜表现及临床应用

目的：研究肺癌CT仿真支气管内窥镜（CTVB）表现及临床意义。方法：30例肺癌患者行螺旋CT薄层扫描，将重建后的扫描数据传输至同机工作站，利用机内图像分析软件形成CTVB图像。结果：CTVB共显示气管支气管病变59处，主要病理改变为管腔闭塞（15处），管腔狭窄（9处），管壁不规则，僵硬（5处），外压性改变（6处），管腔内肿物（6处），管腔内水肿及炎性分泌物（14处），肺癌术后支气管残端（4处）。结论：CTVB作为一种无创检查方法。可显示气管支气管多种病理改变，合理选取CT阈值可提高CTVB的鉴别诊断能力。     

老年人腰椎滑脱症手术治疗39例回顾

目的探讨后路椎板减压椎间植Cage融合、后外侧横突间植骨融合钉棒系统内固定治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法收治老年人腰椎滑脱39例,男性18例,女性21例;年龄60-78岁,平均年龄65．5岁。分别用PLIF椎板减压椎间植骨Cage融合钉棒系统内固定和腰后路椎板减压后外侧横突间植骨融合钉棒系统内固定术治疗。结果本组腰椎滑脱症患者随访0．6-2．5年,平均16个月。有1例69岁女性Ⅱ。滑脱病例行PLIF椎板减压椎间植骨Cage融合钉棒系统内固定出现椎体间移植物的沉陷。4例65岁以下的男性Ⅱ～Ⅲ。滑脱病例行腰后路椎板减压后外侧横突间植骨融合钉棒系统内固定的术后复位良好,但随访时发现出现I。滑脱,植骨未融合,1例出现神经损伤。其余34例均获得满意的效果,内固定位置良好无松动、移位,无螺钉断裂,无切口感染。JOA评分系统对39例患者的术前及随访的临床资料进行分析,优30例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率达到92．3％。结论手术内固定与植骨融合为复位后的椎体创造了稳定的生物力学环境,内固定可以减少术后卧床时间,促使患者早期活动。彻底减压对缓解神经受压及马尾神经损伤有明显疗效,且方法简单、安全实用、疗效确切及并发症少,但对于65岁以下的老年人腰椎滑脱应选用椎间植骨Cage融合钉棒系统内固定术,远期疗效较确切。     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.     

骨髓干细胞动员对下肢动脉闭塞症腔内治疗后再狭窄的预防

目的总结下肢动脉闭塞症腔内治疗后再狭窄预防的临床经验,探讨再狭窄的发生原因及其预防对策。方法回顾性总结接受腔内治疗的87例患者的临床资料。围手术期采用自体骨髓干细胞动员和其他干预措施分析对照。术后对病变部位行64排CT血管成像(D0),而后在术后1、3、6、18个月分别对病变部位行64排CT血管成像(D1、D2、D3、D4),对比管径变化,观察临床疗效。结果 87例经腔内治疗的下肢动脉闭塞症患者,围手术期经不同的干预措施,以管径不小于术后90%为通畅。接受自体骨髓干细胞动员者通畅率分别为1个月100%,3个月100%,6个月96%,18个月通畅率92%;接受其他干预措施者通畅率分别为1个月100%,3个月81%,6个月75%、18个月56%。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗,围手术期采用不同的干预措施,术后通畅率明显不同,围手术期自体骨髓干细胞动员对于维持术后通畅率有满意的效果。     

Bryan颈人工椎间盘置换术失败原因分析

Objective To analyze the failed Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty and to improve its re-sults. Methods From October 2004 to October 2007, 48 patients underwent Bryan cervical disc arthro-plasty. All patients were followed up 2 to 38 months(mean 18 months). Among them, 4 failed cases were an-alyzed, which include 1 male and 3 females, with the age of 42, 51, 40, 49 years. Results Case 1 reported the brachial plexus injury as the result of the patient's shoulders being overstretched while fixing his position during operation, the muscular power of both upper extremities declining to degree Ⅱ and Ⅲ upon operation completion, which was restored to degree 4 when discharged from hospital (45 days after operation). Case 2 reported the compression on the spinal cord as the result of failure to remove the ossification of posterior lon-gitudinal ligament (OPLL) which had been identified by the preoperative CT; the patient complained of no release of symptoms after the operation and postoperative CT showed that compression still existed. Case 3 reported incomplete spinal cord injury caused by massive bleeding during decompression, a function of ex-tremely small vertebral canal anteroposterior diameter (5 mm shown in preoperative MRI); the muscular pow-er of left extremity dropped to degree 0 upon operation completion; the patient could walk with crutch 10 days after operation. Case 4 reported'heterotopic ossification (OP) which occurred 1 year after operation and became deteriorated 2 years later, but did not affect the motion of prosthesis. Conclusion Bryan disc arthroplasty is being extensively used as an effective procedure for decompression and reconstruction of the cervical disc. Excellent clinical results are related to strict selection of indications, perioperative manage-ment, and the experience and surgical technique of the surgeon are also important to the final outcome.