新型多层平板型生物人工肝体外支持系统治疗肝功能衰竭的临床研究

目的 评价新型多层平板型生物人工肝(BAL)体外支持系统治疗肝功能衰竭的临床效果及安全性.方法 2010年12月至2011年12月,有38例肝功能衰竭患者接受了新型多层平板型BAL治疗共计48例次,每次治疗时间为4h,于治疗前,治疗中,以及治疗后1、3、7和14d,抽取患者外周血监测肝功能和凝血功能等生化指标,并观察患者临床症状及体征的变化,以判定BAL的治疗效果.采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测患者血浆及反应器中IgG、IgM及补体CH50的水平,采用聚合酶链反应检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV) DNA、猪特异性细胞色素B(SsCytB)基因序列及逆转录酶的活性等,以评估BAL治疗的安全性.结果 大部分患者接受BAL治疗后感觉良好,精神状态、临床症状、各项指标较治疗前均有所缓解或明显改善,未发生严重不良反应.38例患者中,临床治愈9例,好转25例,治愈好转率为89.5％(34/38),治疗无效4例;有7例患者经BAL治疗后病情好转,顺利等到供肝接受了肝移植.治疗期间,患者血浆IgG、IgM和CH50水平均未出现明显变化,仅补体CH50在治疗1h时出现一过性下降,随后很快恢复正常水平;反应器内未检测出IgG,仅治疗4h时检出极少量IgG,治疗4h内均未检测出IgM.各时间点患者PBMC均未检测到PERV DNA,且患者血浆中均未检测到猪特异性SsCytB基因序列和逆转录酶活性.结论 新型多层平板型BAL体外支持系统对肝功能衰竭患者具有良好的临床治疗效果和安全性,其在患者等待供肝期间也可作为良好的过渡治疗手段.     

肝肾联合移植治疗肝肾功能衰竭的体会(附6例报告)

目的 总结肝肾联合移植的治疗体会.方法 收集6例接受同种异体一期肝肾联合移植术患者的临床资料,其中1例为簇式肝肾联合移植,余5例采用经典式肝肾联合移植.对其手术时间、无肝期、术中出血量、术中使用体外静脉转流或连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过的情况及效果,以及预后进行分析.结果 6例均顺利完成手术.手术时间12～18 h,中位数...     

兔慢性肝损害急性肝衰竭动物模型的建立

Objective To establish an ideal animal model of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in New Zealand white rabbits in order to provide a large animal model for further researches.Methods Totally 75 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (n =70) and control group (n = 5 ). Rabbits in the experimental group were injected with CCl4 into the abdominal cavity twice every week and the doses of CCl4 were modified according to the index of liver function and the body weight, whereas those in the control group were treated with the same volume of saline. At the 10th week,48 New Zealand rabbits with hepatic fibrosis were randomly assigned to 4 groups and injected with CCl4 as before, D-Gal at a dose of 0. 65 g/kg body weight (BW), 0. 70 g/kg BW and 0. 75 g/kg BW, respectively. By observing and comparing the general state, survival time, biochemical indexes, and the histopathology, a method of establishing a stable animal model of acute hepatic failure was found. Results As compared with those in control group, the levels of ALT, AST, GGT, HA, LN and PC-Ⅲ in the experiment group were increased significantly, while the level of ALB was decreased at the end of 10 weeks. Typical features of hepatic fibrosis and the formation of pseudo-lobules were observed at the end of 10 weeks. After treatment with D-Gal, all rabbits in group Ⅰ survived with minimal changes in liver function tests. In group Ⅱ , there was a temporary hepatic injury, but no hepatic coma. Four of the 12 rabbits died (33. 3% ). In group Ⅲ , biochemical indexes changed obviously 12 h after the administration and hepatic injury reached its peak after 48 h. Ten of 12 rabbits were died of severe hepatic failure with a survival time of ( 53. 00 ± 25. 69) h. Histology of liver section revealed massive necrosis in nodules. In group Ⅳ , hepatic injury occurred early and severely. All the rabbits died of severe hepatic failure with a survival time of (32. 70 ± 17. 46) h. Conclusion The experimental model of ACLF could be established by injected with D-Gal in New Zealand rabbits with hepatic fibrosis, induced by CCl4 intraperitoneal injection for 10 weeks.The one induced by 0. 70 g/kg of D-galactosamine was more stable and showed similar clinical pathophysiological changes in human beings. So it can be a good experimental platform for studies of ACLF.     

壳聚糖纳米纤维电纺膜体外对肝细胞作用的研究

生物人工肝作为肝功能衰竭的一种有效支持手段,近年来得到很大的进展,但如何长期维持其中肝细胞的活性及功能一直是困扰人们的难题。纳米生物材料的应用为这一问题的解决提供了可能的方案。用静电纺丝的方法将壳聚糖制备成纳米纤维电纺膜,同时采用经典的两步原位胶原酶灌注法分离大鼠肝细胞,观察肝细胞在纳米纤维电纺膜表面的形态,同时检测其活性和功能。肝细胞在壳聚糖纳米纤维电纺膜表面展示了良好的活性,并能与支架材料紧密结合。其尿素合成、蛋白分泌及细胞色素P450的活性均为对照组的1.5~2倍,糖原合成也较对照组有明显增强。壳聚糖纳米纤维电纺膜能促进肝细胞黏附,同时具有良好的生物相容性,从而促进肝细胞的功能,是生物反应器中肝细胞黏附介质的理想材料。     

枯否细胞在肝移植脂肪供肝的缺血再灌注损伤中的作用研究进展

缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury,IRI)是肝移植的常见危险因素,与早期移植肝的无功能和功能障碍密切相关.当发生IRI时,会产生大量的氧自由基和炎症因子,引起肝脏损伤,枯否细胞(Kupffer cells,KCs)的激活与其密切相关.同时,由于肝移植供肝的需求不断增多,脂肪供肝在肝...     

肝再生发生及其相关机制的研究进展

肝脏再生是指因手术、创伤、中毒、感染、坏死等致部分肝细胞功能丧失后,肝细胞重新修复的过程.对于肝再生的发生及其内在机制的认识和研究,大致可分为三个阶段:(1)最初认为可能存在一种特定的激素类物质决定肝再生的过程.     

肝再生发生及其相关机制的研究进展

肝脏再生是指因手术、创伤、中毒、感染、坏死等致部分肝细胞功能丧失后,肝细胞重新修复的过程.对于肝再生的发生及其内在机制的认识和研究,大致可分为三个阶段:(1)最初认为可能存在一种特定的激素类物质决定肝再生的过程.     

肝再生发生及其相关机制的研究进展

肝脏再生是指因手术、创伤、中毒、感染、坏死等致部分肝细胞功能丧失后,肝细胞重新修复的过程.对于肝再生的发生及其内在机制的认识和研究,大致可分为三个阶段:(1)最初认为可能存在一种特定的激素类物质决定肝再生的过程.     

快速康复外科理念在机器人辅助肝切除中的应用

目的 探究快速康复外科(ERAS)在机器人辅助肝切除手术中的实施效果和安全性.方法 根据纳入排除标准,选取2019年4月～ 2020年7月在南京鼓楼医院肝胆中心行机器人辅助肝切除治疗的患者共165例,随机分为实验组(81例)和对照组(84例),比较两组患者在机器人辅助手术术后恢复情况(肝功能恢复情况、排气排便情况)、术...     

胆管支气管瘘的诊断和治疗

探讨胆管支气管瘘的诊断和治疗方法.结合2例胆管支气管瘘病人的诊治经过,结合文献资料探讨胆管支气管瘘病因、症状、诊断、治疗方法及预后.胆管支气管瘘病因众多,肝或肺包虫病、阿米巴肝脓肿、细菌性肝脓肿、膈下脓肿及胆道结石均是重要原发病,医源性胆管支气管瘘值得注意;胆管支气管瘘最重要症状是胆汁样痰;结合原发病、影像学及临床表现诊断一般不难;内镜或介入方法胆管引流可治疗胆管支气管瘘,反复发作或经久不愈者需行手术治疗.胆汁样痰是胆管支气管瘘的特征症状,发生胆管支气管瘘处理需迅速及时.