卵巢内胚窦瘤6例分析与护理体会

目的：探讨卵巢内胚窦瘤的分期和治疗手段对预后的影响及护理体会。方法：回顾分析2000—12／2008—07间6例卵巢内胚窦患者的临床资料及预后。结果：本组均为手术后加联合化疗，其中1例4期患者术后2a死亡，2例1期患者加1例3期患侧附件切除加化疗至今存活，2例已婚已育患者全子宫加双附件加阑尾大网膜切除术加化疗，均存活，3例采取禁食的方法减轻恶心、呕吐。结论：卵巢柴内胚窦瘤恶性程度虽高，手术切除肿瘤加联合化疗预后良好，可保留生育功能，禁食法可减轻化疗引起的恶心、呕吐症状。     

重庆市2014—2020年学生肺结核疫情特征

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Chongqing City from 2014 to 2020,and we provide a reference for prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in students. Methods The epidemic data and population data of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2014-2020 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of Infections Diseases Reporting System (IDRS) and Statistical Yearbook of Chongqing; the registration, the epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of students with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed. Results In 2020, the registration rate of tuberculosis among students in Chongqing was 24.96/100 000 (1 388/5 561 126), it decreased by 7.78/100 000 compared with 2014 of 32.74/100 000(1 730/5 284 674), the annual decreasing rate was 4.42%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In 2014-2017, the peak incidence was in March, and in 2018-2020, the small peak incidence was in January, September and December. The ratio of male to female (1.27∶1) was lower than that of the whole population (2.48∶1), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The proportion of primary treatment (99.12%) was higher than that of the whole population (94.25%), and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). The positive rate of etiology (19.83%) was lower than that of the whole population (34.92%), and the difference was statis⁃ tically significant (P<0.01). The proportion of active discovery (11.00%) was higher than that of the whole population (2.27%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). From 2014 to 2020, the median delay time of TB treatment among stu⁃ dents was 14 days, and the delay rate was 49.24% (5 522/11 214), there were significant differences in the delay time of TB treatment among students in different gender, age, etiological results and source of patients (P<0.01). Conclusion From 2014 to 2020, the epidemic situation of tuberculosis among students in Chongqing showed a downward trend, but there were some fluctuations in recent years. It is still necessary to strengthen the joint prevention and control of health and education depart⁃ ments, which is of great significance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. © 2021 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All right reserved.     

床旁纤维支气管镜在开胸术后患者的应用及护理体会

目的总结床旁纤维支气管镜在开胸术后患者的应用及护理经验。方法对90例开胸术后肺部感染或肺不张患者行床旁纤维支气管镜治疗及进行合理、规范的术前术后护理。结果 90例患者均治愈出院,无并发症发生。结论床旁纤维支气管镜能有效治疗开胸术后患者肺部感染或肺不张,合理、规范的护理是床旁纤维支气管镜治疗取得成功的必要条件。     

重庆市2015-2020年学校结核病防控工作评估

目的 了解学校结核病防治工作体系运行现状和日常防控措施落实情况,为进一步强化学校结核病防控工作提出有针对性的建议.方法 使用学校结核病防治工作现况调查表,采用分层随机抽样方法抽取重庆市39个区县156所初中、78所高中、6所大学开展现场问卷调查,采用SPSS 25.0对数据进行描述性分析和x2检验.结果 2015-20...     

重庆市中等学校结核病防控工作调查

目的了解重庆市中等学校结核病防控工作现状,为有效实施结核病防控工作提供建议。方法应用流行病学现况调查法,对2013年重庆市39个区县304所中等学校的分管结核病防控工作人员进行问卷调查,使用SPSS16.0进行描述性分析、卡方检验或Fisher精确检验。结果公办和民办学校结核病防控工作领导责任制、工作计划、疫情报告人、健康教育等防控工作落实较好,但校医配备、学校结核病防治知识培训、新生入学体检比例均较低。公办学校和民办学校学生因结核病缺勤的学校比例分别为48.57%(136/280)、25.00%(6/24),公办学校高于民办学校(P0.05),主要集中在公办寄宿制高中和公办职业高中,比例分别为51.80%(115/222)、40.38%(21/52);公办学校和民办学校有学生因患结核病而休、复学的学校比例分别为39.29%(110/280)、8.33%(2/24),公办学校高于民办学校(P0.05),主要集中在公办寄宿制高中和公办职业高中,比例分别为42.34%(94/222)、30.77%(16/52);公办学校和民办学校协助开展密切接触者筛查学校比例分别为100.00%(124/124)、23.53%(4/17),公办学校高于民办学校(P0.01);民办技工学校执行教室、宿舍开窗通风等感染控制措施比例较低,分别为71.43%(5/7)、85.71%(6/7),民办学校尚未积极协助疾控机构开展结核病密切接触者筛查工作,感染控制意识薄弱,民办职业高中和技工学校未建立休复学制度。结论重庆市学校结核病防控措施落实不够,特别是民办学校结核病疫情处置较为薄弱,应建立多部门联防联控机制,严防学校聚集性疫情和突发公共卫生事件的发生。     

2021年重庆市新生筛查结核病结果分析

目的 分析重庆市不同医疗机构开展新生结核病筛查效果的异同,为学校结核病新生筛查工作提供参考。方法 通过《重庆市新生结核病筛查调查表》和《重庆市统计年鉴》收集2021年重庆市秋季入学的各教育阶段新生结核病筛查资料和学生人口数据,分析学生活动性肺结核患者检出率及结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative tuberculin, PPD)强阳性率,采用SPSS 25.0进行描述性分析和χ²检验。结果 2021年重庆市新生结核病筛查798 135人,筛查率为42.36%,其中高中(61.48%)、初中(54.93%)筛查率较高。共发现151人活动性肺结核患者,高中(34.82/10万)、高等教育(28.59/10万)及寄宿制初中(11.83/10万)检出率较高。学前教育及小学新生197 469人,主要由其他医疗机构(41.44%)开展筛查工作。非寄宿制初中新生有14 587人开展了结核症状筛查,以其他医疗机构筛查为主。寄宿制初中新生有194 457人开展了PPD筛查,不同类型医疗机构患者检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),不同类型医...     

头颈部鳞癌的研究趋势及新进展

头颈部鳞癌（Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, HNSCC）为发生于口腔、咽、喉黏膜上皮的鳞癌,吸烟、酗酒与促进口腔及喉部鳞癌形成存在相关性,咽部鳞癌与人类乳头状瘤病毒感染有关。头颈部鳞癌有多种治疗方式,特别是以分子靶向治疗为代表的药物治疗快速发展。本文具体探讨与分析了头颈部鳞癌的流行病学状况,阐述了头颈部鳞癌的形成机制,综述了头颈部鳞癌的分子靶向治疗进展：西妥昔单抗、免疫检查点分子抑制剂、贝伐珠单抗。