跨膜型肿瘤坏死因子-α胞内段基序稳定表达细胞株的建立及功能研究

目的 建立高表达跨膜型肿瘤坏死因子-α胞内段(TNF-intracellular domain,TNF-ICD)基序的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株,为研究TM-TNF-α的反向信号提供工具.方法 采用脂质体介入法将含人TNF-ICD的pIRES2-EGFP病毒载体导入MCF-7中,经鉴定、筛选获得能稳定表达TNF-ICD细胞株.采用MTT法检测转染细胞对TNF-α的敏感度,比色法检测NO含量,ELISA方法 检测NF-κB的活性.结果 TNF-ICD基因转染入MCF-7细胞后表达在细胞膜上,并能提高该细胞NF-κB活性,抵抗TNF-α的杀伤,增加其NO产生;应用NF-κB抑制剂PDTC处理后能恢复该细胞对TNF的敏感性.结论 获得稳定表达TNF-ICD的MCF-7细胞株,TNF-ICD可能作为TM-TNF-α细胞内的一段活化基序参与TM-TNF-α的反向信号,并通过活化NF-κB,抵抗可溶性TNF-α介导的细胞毒作用,增加NO的产生.     

国内外母乳生物标记物在产妇泌乳启动延迟预警中的应用

产妇泌乳启动延迟可能会导致奶量不足或母乳喂养中断,母亲和新生儿易产生不良结局。母乳生物标记物检测作为一种方便快捷的宏量元素监测技术,国外已初步应用于临床,并对产妇泌乳启动延迟产生预警作用,通过预警及早期干预,促进良好母婴结局的获得。本文以母乳生物标记物、产妇泌乳启动延迟的定义及诊断为出发点,重点介绍了母乳生物标记物的测定及其对产妇泌乳启动延迟的预警作用,以及应用于国内亟需解决的关键问题,以期为国内开展相关研究提供依据和思路。     

3例多西他赛过敏反应的观察护理

多西他赛为半合成紫杉类抗肿瘤药,通过作用于微管系统,干扰细胞有丝分裂,阻碍肿瘤细胞复制而起到抗肿瘤作用,具有较广的抗癌谱[1]。目前临床使用的剂型为多西他赛无水浓溶液,溶剂为13%乙醇水溶液。浓溶液中含有大量聚     

绿药膏用于化疗药物外渗所致组织损伤

肿瘤病人化疗外周静脉用药近年来多被PICC等深静脉置管取代,但由于费用、损伤、个体差异及化疗方案等因素的影响,仍有相当部分病人沿用外周静脉进行化疗,因此容易发生药物外渗至皮下造成组织坏死.根据绿药膏能治疗冻疮、湿疹、过敏性皮炎的功效,笔者采用绿药膏治疗化疗引起的局部组织损伤4例,经临床观察效果良好.现介绍如下.     

重庆市2014—2020年学生肺结核疫情特征

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Chongqing City from 2014 to 2020,and we provide a reference for prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in students. Methods The epidemic data and population data of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2014-2020 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of Infections Diseases Reporting System (IDRS) and Statistical Yearbook of Chongqing; the registration, the epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of students with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed. Results In 2020, the registration rate of tuberculosis among students in Chongqing was 24.96/100 000 (1 388/5 561 126), it decreased by 7.78/100 000 compared with 2014 of 32.74/100 000(1 730/5 284 674), the annual decreasing rate was 4.42%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In 2014-2017, the peak incidence was in March, and in 2018-2020, the small peak incidence was in January, September and December. The ratio of male to female (1.27∶1) was lower than that of the whole population (2.48∶1), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The proportion of primary treatment (99.12%) was higher than that of the whole population (94.25%), and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). The positive rate of etiology (19.83%) was lower than that of the whole population (34.92%), and the difference was statis⁃ tically significant (P<0.01). The proportion of active discovery (11.00%) was higher than that of the whole population (2.27%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). From 2014 to 2020, the median delay time of TB treatment among stu⁃ dents was 14 days, and the delay rate was 49.24% (5 522/11 214), there were significant differences in the delay time of TB treatment among students in different gender, age, etiological results and source of patients (P<0.01). Conclusion From 2014 to 2020, the epidemic situation of tuberculosis among students in Chongqing showed a downward trend, but there were some fluctuations in recent years. It is still necessary to strengthen the joint prevention and control of health and education depart⁃ ments, which is of great significance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. © 2021 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All right reserved.     

不典型蛛网膜下腔出血误诊分析2例

蛛网膜下腔出血症状典型，可明确诊断。但不典型蛛网膜下腔出血易被忽视，若再发，可危及生命。1病历摘要 例1：患者男，58岁，农民。主因发作性头晕、视物旋转、恶心、呕吐5d，加重1d。于2008年2月15日入院。     

重庆市2018年高中新生入学体检结核病结果

对2018年重庆市高中新生入学体检结核病检测结果进行分析,为做好高中新生入学体检结核病工作提供依据.方法 利用重庆市学校结核病信息管理系统收集2018年高中新生入学结核病体检资料,运用Excel 2007建立数据库.采用SPSS 25.0进行描述性分析和疋2检验.结果 2018年重庆市共有146所普通教育高中118 370名新生、30所中等职业学校30 842名新生进行结核病新生入学体检,学校参检比例为40.09%,新生参检比例为44.28%,普通教育高中新生入学体检结核病的学校参检比例及新生参检比例(57.03%,58.81%)均高于中等职业教育学校(16.39%,22.73%),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为73.38,42 744.64,P值均<0.01).高中新生入学体检检出活动性肺结核患者84例,以涂阴患者为主,占92.86%.且不同教育性质、学校性质在高中新生入学体检结核病的患病情况构成比差异均无统计学意义.普通教育与职业教育的高中新生入学结核病检出率分别为49.00/10万,54.62/10万;公办学校与民办学校的高中新生入学结核病检出率分别为50.29/10万,124.88/10万(x2值分别为5.42,10.92,P值均<0.05);筛查方法为直接做胸片检查与筛查方法为先做结核菌素皮肤试验,强阳性者再进行胸部x线检查的检出率分别为62.90/10万,84.30/10万,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.29,P>0.05).结论 高中新生入学体检结核病项目对于结核病防控工作具有重要意义.应采取有效的筛查方法,加大对中等职业学校的筛查力度.     

卵巢内胚窦瘤6例分析与护理体会

目的：探讨卵巢内胚窦瘤的分期和治疗手段对预后的影响及护理体会。方法：回顾分析2000—12／2008—07间6例卵巢内胚窦患者的临床资料及预后。结果：本组均为手术后加联合化疗，其中1例4期患者术后2a死亡，2例1期患者加1例3期患侧附件切除加化疗至今存活，2例已婚已育患者全子宫加双附件加阑尾大网膜切除术加化疗，均存活，3例采取禁食的方法减轻恶心、呕吐。结论：卵巢柴内胚窦瘤恶性程度虽高，手术切除肿瘤加联合化疗预后良好，可保留生育功能，禁食法可减轻化疗引起的恶心、呕吐症状。