二氧化氯空气消毒效果的测定

二氧化氯为高效、广谱、安全的消毒剂 ,目前已广泛应用于饮水、器具消毒 ,食品、饮料防腐保鲜等。二氧化氯在空气消毒方面的应用目前研究不多 ,本研究对二氧化氯产品的空气消毒作用进行了实验测试。1　材料和方法1.1　材料1.1.1　二氧化氯消毒剂 :进口二氧化氯粉剂 ,使用前溶解     

浙江北部农村孕妇麻疹抗体水平的调查

目的为了解浙江北部小于8月龄幼儿麻疹病例增多的原因,对孕龄妇女麻疹抗体水平进行调查。方法采集外周静脉血分离血清,采用ELISA法和中和实验方法分别检测麻疹IgG抗体和中和抗体的平均水平及阳性率。结果218名孕妇麻疹抗体IgG水平的阳性率为80.7%,与麻疹分离野毒株的中和抗体几何平均滴度为30.36±4.70,其中中和抗体<1∶2的阴性样本占16.51%,<1∶8者所占比例为19.27%,≥1∶16者所占比例为73.39%。结论孕妇人群中麻疹低滴度抗体会影响母传抗体的维持时间,这很可能和近年来麻疹爆发表现为成人和低月龄儿病例,尤其是未满8月龄婴幼儿病例增多有极大的关系。     

实时细胞动态监测的流感病毒株耐药性研究

目的:了解实时细胞动态监测(RTCA)系统,由细胞病变导致金电极板电阻抗变化的研究;评价磷酸奥司他韦对上海地区不同亚型流感流行株体外抗病毒效果。方法:随机选取2009年-2010年上海地区流感不同亚型流行株,采用实时细胞动态监测(RTCA)系统和传统倒置显微镜观察细胞CPE方法,检测磷酸奥司他韦的抗病毒效果。结果:实时细胞动态监测(RTCA)系统通过病变细胞引起电极板的电阻抗变化的观察,结果连续、实时、客观、可信;磷酸奥司他韦对研究中选取的14株上海地区不同亚型流感流行株有抑制病毒感染细胞的效果。结论:实时细胞动态监测系统比较于传统观察CPE方法,获取的实验信息实时、客观、敏感,但是实验费用昂贵。磷酸奥司他韦(达菲)对上海地区不同亚型流感病毒具有较好的体外抗病毒效果。     

流感监测中流感病毒优势株在犬肾细胞系（MDCK）细胞模型中竞争性复制的意义

 【摘要】目的 通过流感病毒优势株在犬肾细胞系（Madin Daby canine kidney cells,MDCK)细胞中竞争性复制,探讨季节性流感流行株感染、复制能力强弱对主导流行株的贡献。方法 在对2011年至2012年上海市闵行区季节性流感监测中,监测到流感样病例775例,确诊流感病例119例。选取2012年1月至2月流感病例中分离的3株B型和3株A/H3N2亚型流感流行株,两两交叉配对成9组,共同感染MDCK,细胞培养上清液抽提核酸,mRT-PCR扩增特异性产物。 结果 有7组共感染组合中A/H3N2 (210 bp)电泳条带逐渐变强、B型条带(390 bp)逐渐变弱至第3代完全消失,2组中A/H3N2与B的条带至第3代均明亮。 结论 流感病毒共感染竞争性复制结果与当时人群流感监测中优势株转换相符。该方法为探讨可能引起主导流行株在人群中变迁的原因提供了研究思路。     

上海地区人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平监测分析

Objective To understand levels of antibody to swine-origin influenza A(H1 N1) virus (A/ H1N1) among different age groups in Shanghai, and to compare the levels between antibodies to A/H1N1 and to 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccine virus A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1). Methods The anti-A/HlN1 antibody levels were determined among 5 age groups (0-5 months, 6 months-4 years, 5-24 years, 25-59 years, and ≥60 years) with routine micro-hemagglutination inhibition test. The positive rates of the antibodies among different age groups were compared by Pearson's X2 test and Fisher' s exact probability test. Results The positive rate of antibody to A/H1N1 in the whole population in Shanghai was 9.2% (37/404). The highest rate was 25.0% (21/84) in the age group of ≥60 years, the next was 10. 0% (8/80) in the age group of 25-59 years, the positive rates in other groups were lower. The result of Pearson's X2 test showed that there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of the antibodies among different age groups. Of 329 sera positive for antibody to 2008 -2009 seasonal influenza vaccine virus A/Brisbane/59/ 2007 (H1N1), 31 had anti-A/HlNl antibodies, and of 75 sera negative for antibody to A/Brisbane/59/ 2007(H1N1), 6 had anti-A/HlNl antibodies. The result of Pearson's X2 test showed that there were no significant differences in positive rates of antibody to A/H1N1 between the two types of population. Conclusions The anti-A/HlNl levels in Shanghai population are low, and people are generally susceptible to A/H1N1. The sera positive for antibody to A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1) can not provide cross-protection against A/H1N1.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

30只鸭子中甲型流感病毒的检测

目的：了解近期禽宰场流感病毒在鸭子中的携带情况。方法：在禽宰场随机选择正常健康状况待宰鸭子30只，分别取咽和肛门混合拭子，使用鸡胚培养扩增，血凝法切筛，甲型流感病毒核蛋白（NP）蛋白保守核酸序列作扩增鉴定。结果：在30份样品中，经鸡胚培养扩增，1：50的血凝法初筛50％为阳性，经核酸聚合酶链反应扩增鉴定10份样品中，9份为甲型流感病毒。结论：用本方法在正常鸭子中甲型流感病毒的可检出携带率约为45％。     

输卵管性不育、输卵管妊娠与沙眼衣原体感染的初步研究

为了解沙眼衣原体（CT）与输卵管性不育、输卵管妊娠的关系，从1995年11月1日至1996年6月30日在本院选择经腹腔镜手术证实的38例输卵管性不育与42例输卵管妊娠患者。分别在宫颈、输卵管部位及腹腔液取标本采用的MeCy法行CT培养。结果：80例中至少有1个部位CT培养阳性为41例（51.2％），42例输卵管妊娠中宫颈部位CT培养阳性7例（16.7％），输卵管部位CT培养阳性11例（26.2％），腹腔液CT培养阳性4例（9.5％）。38例输卵管不育中宫颈部位CT阳性11例（28.9％），输卵管周围及粘连组织CT培养阳性19例（50％），腹腔液CT培养阳性9例（23.6％）。结论：两组输卵管部位的CT感染率最高。CT是女性上生殖道感染的重要病原体之一。     

甲3型、乙型流感病毒在MHL混合细胞中增殖的研究

[目的]建立MHL混合细胞瓶分离培养流感病毒的方法，为进行流感监测及临床快速诊断打下基础。[方法]采用MDCK、HEP—2、LLC混合细胞培养瓶和MDCK单一细胞培养瓶，同时分别接种甲3型和乙型流感病毒标准毒株，并设立阴性细胞对照组，观察甲3型和乙型流感病毒毒株在混合细胞瓶和MDCCK细胞瓶中的细胞病变效应(CPE)、血凝滴度和单克隆抗体荧光染色情况。[结果]病毒血凝滴度分别均为1：160，经1：5稀释的甲3型和乙型流感病毒接种MHL混合细胞瓶和MDCK细胞瓶经37℃、48h培养后，感染甲3型病毒细胞出现细胞拉网、团聚病变现象，感染乙型流感病毒细胞则出现明显细胞固缩、脱落现象，MDCK单一细胞培养瓶CPE强于混合细胞培养瓶：37℃、72h培养后，检测血凝滴度，感染甲3型流感病毒的MDCK细胞和混合细胞均为1：40。感染乙型流感病毒的MDCK细胞为1：120，MHL混合细胞为1：20；单克隆荧光抗体检测，感染甲3型和乙型流感病毒的MDCK细胞和混合细胞均呈阳性。[结论]应用MDCK、HEP—2，IL-2混合细胞瓶分离、培养，不仅可对甲型流感爆发进行流行病学监测，同时还可分离鉴定其它呼吸道病毒，利于临床诊断、治疗和预防。     

磷酸奥司他韦对上海及周边地区不同流行性感冒病毒亚型的体外抗病毒效果

目的 了解上海及周边地区近年来流行性感冒(流感)病毒流行株对磷酸奥司他韦的敏感度及是否存在耐药株.方法 从2004-2006年上海市、江苏省无锡市和浙江省德清县流感监测和暴发病例分离到的流感病毒中,随机抽取B型、H1亚型、H3亚型的部分流感病毒,用中性红吸收法在体外检测磷酸奥司他韦的抗病毒作用,以50%抑制浓度(IC50)表示药物的抗病毒效果.方差分析检验药物对各亚型流感株IC50的差异.结果 磷酸奥司他韦对研究使用的50株不同型和亚型流感病毒皆有抑制病毒感染细胞的效果,IC50均＜25 mg/L.药物对B亚型病毒的效果较差,IC50为19.97 mg/L(15.16～22.36 mg/L),高于A/H1N1亚型的8.15 mg/L(0.02～22.36 mg/L,P＜0.05)和A/H3N2亚型的10.92 mg/L(0.08～19.72 mg/L,P＞0.05);对于不同年份分离的流感病毒,药物效果有所变化.结论 磷酸奥司他韦对上海及周边地区的流感病毒具有较好的体外抗病毒效果,需要建立监测网络来监控药物的效果和病毒的耐药情况.