PET/CT在评价及观察大鼠肺癌放疗效果中的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of PET/CT in monitoring the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) on lung cancer with Wistar rats. Methods Thirty Wistar in-bred strain rats (6-8 weeks, weighed 180-280 g, female, ordinary) were made into Lewis pulmonary tumor model rats. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT was performed when tumor reached 1.5-2.0 cm in greatest diameter (4-6 weeks) as a baseline. In order to get the optimal time point of PET/CT for moni-toring RT effect in rat cancer model, PET/CT was performed at the 3rd day, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after giving single dose of 5 Gy to each rat. Standardized uptake values (SUV) from FDG PET were measured and rats were sacrificed at different time point for validation. Besides, the expressions of glucose transport1 (Glut1) in tumor tissue were studied using immunohistochemistry. The level of tumor cell apoptosis, degra-dation, and necrosis were observed. SPSS 11.0 software was used for data analyses. Results A negative correlation of SUV uptake and time after RT and negative correlation of Glut1 expression and time after RT were observed in rat tumors, respectively. Positive correlation of SUV uptake and Glut1 expression in rat tumors was observed (Spearman rank correlation test, rs = 0.97, P < 0.01). Before RT, the SUV in rat tumor was 1.28 ± 0.31 and was decrease to 1. 00 ± 0.23 at the 3rd day and 0.18 ± 0. 10 at the 4th week after RT (F=15. 126, P<0.05). Before RT, the Glut1 in rat tumor was 0.2558 ±0.03 and was decrease to 0. 2320 ± 0. 01 at the 3rd day and 0. 1320±0.04 at the 4th week after RT. The amounts of tumor cell apopto-sis, degradation, and necrosis increased with time after RT. Conclusion Though FDG PET could monitor the therapeutic effect at the 3rd day after giving single dose of RT to rat lung tumor model, the optimal time was the the 4th week after treatment.     

卡维地洛的降压及肾脏保护作用观察

目的观察卡维地洛的降压疗效及其对尿微量白蛋白（Alb）和β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）排泄的影响。方法采用自身对照法观察50例轻、中度高血压患者，所有患者停用降压药物2周，然后口服卡维地洛，开始3d为6，25mg／次，2次／d，以后改为12．50mg／次，2次／d，如2周后血压仍≥140／90mmHg，则剂量倍增到25，00mg／次，2次／d，至24周结束。测定治疗前、后24hAlb和β2-MG的排泄。结果24周后显效19例，有效24例，无效7例，有效率为86％。50例患者治疗前、后SBP、DBP、Alb和β2-MG间差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论卡维地洛是治疗轻、中度高血压的一种安全有效的降压药物，同时能减少Alb和β2-MG的排泄，对肾脏具有保护作用，且不影响血脂及糖代谢。     

药师角色一次有别传统的界定指导合理用药,参与新药临床研究

不久前,首届中国药师大会在北京举办,卫生部部长陈竺在大会所作发言中提出:中国的药师应为建立具有中国特色的药物创新体系做出更大贡献.陈竺特别强调了在中国建立临床研究基地及医疗机构中加强临床药师队伍建设的重要性,希望药师们不仅更好的指导临床合理用药,还应该在药物创新与临床药学中发挥更大的作用.     

钛缆在腰椎峡部裂治疗中的应用

2000年6月∽2003年5月，我们采用钛缆固定横突与棘突峡部植骨融合治疗无滑脱或Ⅰ度以内滑脱的腰椎峡部裂患者17例，经过6个月以上的随访，取得满意疗效。     

418例绝经后阴道出血原因分析

目的探讨绝经后引起阴道出血的各种原因。方法对2005年1月～2009年12月在妇科门诊及住院部治疗的418例绝经后阴道流血病人进行妇科检查、阴道分泌物涂片检查、诊断性刮宫结合宫腔镜检查、宫颈活检均结合阴道镜检查。结果 418例中炎症性病变262例（62.88%,262/418）,功能性子宫出血76例（18.18%,76/418）,妇科肿瘤58例（13.88%,58/418）,其中恶性肿瘤32例（占肿瘤病例55.17%,32/58）,宫内节育器14例（3.35%,14/418）;其他8例（1.91%,8/418）。结论绝经后阴道出血的主要原因是良性疾病和非器质性病变,但恶性肿瘤仍占一定比例。因此对绝经后阴道出血患者应采取综合的检查手段,明确病因,对因治疗。     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

医源性胆管损伤38例分析

临床资料1　一般资料　本组 38例。男 1 3例 ,女 2 5例 ,男女之比 0 .5 2∶ 1。年龄 2 0～ 75岁 ,平均年龄40岁。开腹胆囊切除损伤胆管 30例 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除损伤胆管 8例 ,手术中发现并处理 8例 ,术后发现并处理 30例。损伤部位 :胆总管 2 1例 ,肝总管 1 0例 ,汇合部损伤 3例