内瘘动脉端不同穿刺方法对假性动脉瘤形成的影响

内瘘是目前血液透析（HD）最常用的永久性血管通路，我院开展血液透析以来采用传统的穿刺方法即静脉端顺穿（顺血流方向）、动脉端逆穿（逆血流方向）。理论上讲动脉端逆穿可提高血流量，减少再循环，透析效果好。但临床上发现许多采用逆穿的患者内瘘动脉瘤发生早且程度较重。笔者对新透析的一些患者采用了动脉顺穿的方法并回顾性收集了动脉逆穿的有关资料，比较2种方法在1a内透析效果及假性动脉瘤的发生率，确有显著性差异，现报道如下。     

槐的临床应用

槐为豆科植物的槐树，又称豆槐、白槐、细叶槐、护房树等。为落叶乔木，生于山坡、平原或庭院内外种植，分布于我国大部分地区，其花、叶、枝、胶、根、白皮、角等均具有一定的药用价值，现介绍如下。     

小儿氯胺酮麻醉恢复期的呼吸道管理

目的 探讨小儿氯胺酮麻醉恢复期呼吸道的管理措施.方法 对笔者所在医院收治的200例小儿氯胺酮麻醉恢复期的呼吸管理进行回顾性分析.结果 200例小儿氯胺酮麻醉恢复期呼吸道管理措施得当,平安度过.结论 小儿氯胺酮麻醉恢复期正确的呼吸道管理可以使患儿平稳度过麻醉恢复期.     

PET/CT在评价及观察大鼠肺癌放疗效果中的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of PET/CT in monitoring the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) on lung cancer with Wistar rats. Methods Thirty Wistar in-bred strain rats (6-8 weeks, weighed 180-280 g, female, ordinary) were made into Lewis pulmonary tumor model rats. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT was performed when tumor reached 1.5-2.0 cm in greatest diameter (4-6 weeks) as a baseline. In order to get the optimal time point of PET/CT for moni-toring RT effect in rat cancer model, PET/CT was performed at the 3rd day, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after giving single dose of 5 Gy to each rat. Standardized uptake values (SUV) from FDG PET were measured and rats were sacrificed at different time point for validation. Besides, the expressions of glucose transport1 (Glut1) in tumor tissue were studied using immunohistochemistry. The level of tumor cell apoptosis, degra-dation, and necrosis were observed. SPSS 11.0 software was used for data analyses. Results A negative correlation of SUV uptake and time after RT and negative correlation of Glut1 expression and time after RT were observed in rat tumors, respectively. Positive correlation of SUV uptake and Glut1 expression in rat tumors was observed (Spearman rank correlation test, rs = 0.97, P < 0.01). Before RT, the SUV in rat tumor was 1.28 ± 0.31 and was decrease to 1. 00 ± 0.23 at the 3rd day and 0.18 ± 0. 10 at the 4th week after RT (F=15. 126, P<0.05). Before RT, the Glut1 in rat tumor was 0.2558 ±0.03 and was decrease to 0. 2320 ± 0. 01 at the 3rd day and 0. 1320±0.04 at the 4th week after RT. The amounts of tumor cell apopto-sis, degradation, and necrosis increased with time after RT. Conclusion Though FDG PET could monitor the therapeutic effect at the 3rd day after giving single dose of RT to rat lung tumor model, the optimal time was the the 4th week after treatment.     

卡维地洛的降压及肾脏保护作用观察

目的观察卡维地洛的降压疗效及其对尿微量白蛋白（Alb）和β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）排泄的影响。方法采用自身对照法观察50例轻、中度高血压患者，所有患者停用降压药物2周，然后口服卡维地洛，开始3d为6，25mg／次，2次／d，以后改为12．50mg／次，2次／d，如2周后血压仍≥140／90mmHg，则剂量倍增到25，00mg／次，2次／d，至24周结束。测定治疗前、后24hAlb和β2-MG的排泄。结果24周后显效19例，有效24例，无效7例，有效率为86％。50例患者治疗前、后SBP、DBP、Alb和β2-MG间差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论卡维地洛是治疗轻、中度高血压的一种安全有效的降压药物，同时能减少Alb和β2-MG的排泄，对肾脏具有保护作用，且不影响血脂及糖代谢。     

药师角色一次有别传统的界定指导合理用药,参与新药临床研究

不久前,首届中国药师大会在北京举办,卫生部部长陈竺在大会所作发言中提出:中国的药师应为建立具有中国特色的药物创新体系做出更大贡献.陈竺特别强调了在中国建立临床研究基地及医疗机构中加强临床药师队伍建设的重要性,希望药师们不仅更好的指导临床合理用药,还应该在药物创新与临床药学中发挥更大的作用.     

钛缆在腰椎峡部裂治疗中的应用

2000年6月∽2003年5月，我们采用钛缆固定横突与棘突峡部植骨融合治疗无滑脱或Ⅰ度以内滑脱的腰椎峡部裂患者17例，经过6个月以上的随访，取得满意疗效。     

茎突在摇控胃肠机下点片技术探讨

茎突为颞骨的一部分,位于茎突乳孔的前方.茎突的走行方向自上而下,向前内方倾斜,自根部向尖端逐渐变细,双侧茎突可不对称.茎突的正常长度为2.5 cm～3 cm.茎突过长会引起咽喉部不适,异物感,耳痛,头痛等茎突过长综合征.为对比观察准确诊断茎突过长,我们在摇控胃肠机下茎突三位一片点片方法,取得了满意效果.现将此方法探讨如下,供同行们参考.