单切口免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips. Methods Data of 1016 patients(group A) undergoing single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips were compared to that of 874 patients(group B)undergoing two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips by t test and chi square test for operating time,operative hemorrhage,the length of postoperative hospital stay and postoperative pain.Results In group A,1001 cases were successfully operated on with single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy,with conversion to classic four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 15 cases,while 874 cases in group B were operated on with two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.There were no bile leakage,biliary tract injury or death in both groups.There were no difference in operating time[(34.5 ±5.2) min vs (32.0±7.4)min,t=0.063,P=0.526],the length of postoperative hospital stay[(3.1±0.8)d vs(3.2±0.7)d,t=1.073,P=0.326]and operative hemorrhage[(56.5±17.8)ml vs (55.2±15.9)ml,t=0.812,P=0.425](P>0.05) between the two groups,but the postoperative pain was less severe in Group A than that in group B (P=0.000<0.05). Conclusions The single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible,safe,less traumatic and more cosmetic.     

裸鼠原位种植大肠癌肝转移三种建模方法的比较

Objective To establish and compare three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver. Methods Human SW1116 cell line was inoculated into 5 BALB/ C nude mice. Eighty-four nude mice were divided equally into pouch, fibrin glue, 1×106 cell and 1 × 105 cell microinjection groups. After animals were killed, the metastasis of cancer in situ, the liver, the lung, the spleen, the pancreas, and the mesentery was observed under the microscopy after HE staining. Results The metastasis rate in groups of pouch, fibrin glue, 1×1106 cell and 1×105 cell microinjection was 100% , 100% , 50. 0% and 14. 3% respectively. The liver metastasis tumor in fibrin glue group was bigger than other groups. HE staining indicated that the liver metastasis tumor was derived from colon tumor. Conclusion Among the three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver, the fibrin glue method has a high success rate of operation, a high metastasis rate of the liver, and is simple to manipulate.     

148髋Ribbed假体全髋关节置换的临床研究

目的评价Ribbed解剖型非骨水泥固定股骨假体的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2001年6月至2009年6月应用解剖型非骨水泥固定股骨假体行全髋关节置换的患者156例（163髋）,实际获得临床及X线片随访143例（148髋）。随访时间3～93个月,平均47个月。所用假体均为LINK公司生产的Ribbed假体。结果术后Harris评分71.95分,平均91．7分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后髋关节功能优良率达91．5％。随访x线片均未见明显透光线及假体内外翻移位,且未发现股骨柄假体无菌松动。结论Ribbed解剖型假体设计独特,临床随访效果满意。     

腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在骶骨肿瘤切除中的临床评价

[目的]探讨应用腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在行骶骨肿瘤切除术中的临床应用价值。[方法]对36例骶骨肿瘤患者切除过程中应用腹主动脉球囊阻断技术(腹主动脉球囊阻断组),复习既往32例骶骨肿瘤应用传统的术前血管栓塞技术切除肿瘤患者(对照组)的临床资料,比较2组手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率、平均住院时间、术后恢复时间及复发率。[结果]腹主动脉球囊阻断组手术时间为(149.19±73.81)min,术中出血量为(826.67±509.11)ml,有2例骶神经损伤,平均住院时间(26.05±7.08)d,术后恢复时间(34.61±8,22)d,半年复发率5.5%,1年复发率11%,2年复发率16%;对照组手术时间为(221.33±45.19)min,出血量为(1652±706.99)ml,有3例骶神经损伤,4例出现局部皮肤缺血性疼痛,1例出现性功能障碍。平均住院时间(37.93±7.63)d,术后恢复时间(46.03±9.67)d,半年复发率18%,1年复发率31%,2年复发率40.6%。两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。[结论]在骶骨肿瘤过程中,采用腹主动脉球囊阻断技术,可以缩短手术时间,减少出血量及并发症,缩短住院天数,术后恢复快,降低了复发率。是一项具有实用价值的临床技术。     

浅筋膜蒂及轴行血管蒂在逆行皮瓣中的联合应用

临床上带蒂皮瓣可以是血管蒂，也可以是筋膜蒂。血管蒂皮瓣常存在静脉回流问题，而筋膜皮瓣由于没有知名血管，切取的面积有限。逆行岛状皮瓣是以知名动脉及其伴行静脉为蒂（如桡动脉、胫后动脉，甚至皮神经营养动脉）而形成的岛状皮瓣，皮瓣利用远端的动脉吻合支、动脉弓或动脉环而逆行供血。皮瓣的存活受动脉血供和静脉回流两个因素影响，静脉回流尤为重要。临床上，     

胰管结石性慢性胰腺炎的临床特点与外科治疗

目的探讨胰管结石性慢性胰腺炎的临床特点及外科术式选择与疗效。方法回顾性分析我院外科1983年1月至2006年12月间收治并手术治疗的31例胰管结石性慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料、手术方式和疗效。结果胰管结石性慢性胰腺炎患者多见于酗酒所致的酒精性胰腺炎,腹痛为最突出临床表现,胰腺内外分泌功能减退较为常见。B超及CT为最常用的检查手段,对胰管结石的诊断准确率分别达到96.8%（30/31）和100%（26/26）,患者多同时存在胰腺萎缩及钙化、胰管扩张等。31例患者共接受32例次手术,胰管取石＋括约肌成形术2例,胰尾空肠吻合3例,改良Puestow术13例,Whipple手术9例,Frey手术5例。手术效果满意。结论胰管结石性慢性胰腺炎临床表现复杂,病因以酒精性为主,腹部B超和CT检查多可明确诊断。手术治疗是缓解症状的主要治疗手段,外科治疗应采用个体化原则。     

心脏移植后存活时间超过10年者的临床分析

目的 总结单中心13例心脏移植后存活超过10年受者的治疗及随访情况.方法 13例受者在1995年8月至2001年6月期间接受心脏移植,前8例受者采用环孢素A+硫唑嘌呤+皮质激素的经典免疫抑制方案,后5例在该方案基础上进行了免疫诱导,有6例在吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)上市后将硫唑嘌呤替换为MMF.围手术期对主要并发症及时进行防治,术后对受者进行定期随访,建立个人长期随访档案,监测急性排斥反应(AR)和移植物血管病(CAV)发生情况,采用生存质量调查表分析生活状况.结果 13例存活超过10年的受者占同期心脏移植总例数的48.1%(13/27),术后受者心理状态较好,生存质量良好,均能够正常的学习、生活及工作.术后近期(1年内)发生的并发症包括AR 3例、感染4例、肾功能不全3例、移植物右心功能不全5例、移植后新发糖尿病2例及肝功能不全5例,经对症治疗后均好转;术后远期(1年后)发生的并发症包括CAV 2例、AR 4例、高胆固醇血症5例、高血压病4例、高尿酸血症10例及慢性肾功能损害3例等.1例受者于移植后13年因并发肝癌死亡.结论 心脏移植受者长期存活与其心理状态、经济条件、依从性及良好的随访制度等密切相关,并受社会因素的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical management and follow-up of 13 recipients with survival of over ten years after cardiac transplantation. Methods Thirteen male recipients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation between August 1995 and June 2001 in our center and received standard immunosuppressive therapy protocols (8 cases) or induction therapy protocols (5 cases). Cyclosporine, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone were applied as maintenance immunosuppressive regimens. Six recipients switched from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil when mycophenolate mofetil was available. Perioperative complications were prevented and treated. After operation, the recipients were followed up regularly to set up personnel long-term follow-up files. The incidence of acute rejection (AR) and (cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) was monitored. Results The 13 survived recipients accounted for 48. 1 % of the total number in the corresponding period (13/27). All survivals recovered well and had a good quality of life. The recent (1 year) complications included acute allograft rejection (3 cases), infection (4 cases), renal insufficiency (3 cases), allograft right ventricular dysfunction (5 cases), post-transplant diabetes (2 cases) and liver dysfunction (5 cases). The long-term (1 year later) complications included acute allograft rejection (2 cases), CAV (2 cases), hypercholesterolemia (5 cases), hypertension (4 cases), hyperuricemia (10 cases) and chronic renal impairment (3 cases). One hepatitis B virus carrier died of liver cancer 13 years after transplantation. Conclusion The long-term survival of cardiac allograft recipients is closely associated with psychological state, financial condition, compliance and follow-up medical system, while the sociological and environmental factors may play important roles.     

升主动脉替换联合三分支支架血管术中置入治疗急性A型主动脉夹层

目的 总结升主动脉人工血管替换联合三分支支架血管术中置入治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的初步经验.方法 2008年6月至2009年9月20例急性A型主动脉夹层病人接受了升主动脉人工血管替换和三分支支架血管置入术.体外循环鼻咽温度降至20℃时,停止下半身灌注,经无名动脉近端升主动脉横断切口,将三分支支架血管置入主动脉弓和近端胸降主动脉真腔内,并将其分支支架血管依次置入左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉和无名动脉.将主干支架血管的近端与无名动脉近端的升主动脉切口重建后与替换近端升主动脉的人工血管端端吻合.结果 所有病人术中均顺利地置入三分支支架血管,平均体外循环(163.2±19.2)min,主动脉阻断(89.4±10.0)min,低流量选择性脑灌注和下半身缺血(32.7±6.6)min.术后出现短暂性神智障碍1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例.20例均治愈出院.术后3个月电子束CT检查结果示,主干支架血管及分支支架血管通畅、无扭曲;支架血管置入部位夹层假腔闭合;16例远端胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合.结论 三分支支架血管术中置入是简化急性主动脉夹层者主动脉弓重建、提高手术安全性的一种有效方法.主要适应证为弓内内膜无破口而需主动脉弓重建的急性A型主动脉夹层病人.支架血管大小、分支支架血管间的距离选择和放置过程中避免内膜损伤是术中三分支支架血管成功放置的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To report the primary experience of open placement of triple-branched stent graft for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods Between June 2008 and September 2009, 20 well-selected patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection underwent open placement of triple-branched stent graft for total arch reconstruction. When core cooling to a 20℃ nasophageal temperature, perfusion to the lower body was discontinued and the ascending aorta was transected at the base of the innominate artery. Through a transverse incision, the triple-branched stent graft was inserted into the true lumen of the arch and descending aorta, and each side arm of the stent graft was positioned one by one into the arch branches.The transected stump of the ascending aorta was reconstructed by inner proximal stent-free dacron tube of the main graft and outer teflon felt, and subsequently continuous anastomosis to the 1-branched dacron tube graft was made. Results Open placement of triple-branched stent graft was technically successful in all patients. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time and lower body arrest time were (163.2 ±19.2) min, (89.4 ±10.0) min and (32. 7 ±6. 6)min, respectively. Transient postoperative neurological dysfunction was observed in 1 patient and acute renal failure in 1 patient. All patients were discharged from the hospital. Their computed tomographic scans at 3 months postoperatively showed that all stent grafts were fully opened without distortion. In the vascular stent implantation site the dissected false lumen was eliminated. The false lumen of the descending aorta distal to the stent graft was closed with thrombus in 16 cases. Conclusion Open placement of triple-branched stent graft is a new effective technique for total arch reconstruction in acute type A aortic dissection. Patients have the indications of the extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta without primary intimal tears in the arch may be the best candidates for this new technique. The size of the stent graft, the distances between two neighboring side arm grafts and the prevention of the intimal trauma during the placement are crucial for successful open placement of triple-branched stent graft.     

臀中肌阔筋膜张肌间隙人路人工股骨头置换术

目的 介绍一种小切口髋部手术人路,总结该人路行人工股骨头置换术的临床经验.方法 在解剖研究的基础上对枕前外侧手术切口进行改良,采用臀中、阔筋膜张肌间隙人路施行人工股骨头置换术68例.结果 本组随访2～8年,平均3.5年.所有患者均于术后2～4周开始站立行走.1例于术后2个月因坠床发生后脱位,1例因跌倒扭伤发生股骨干劈裂骨折,其余患者均可无痛行走,关节活动度基本正常.无围手术期严重并发症及与该切口有关的并发症.结论 采用臀中、阔筋膜张肌间隙人路行人工股骨头置换术,具有切口小、组织损伤轻、出血少、显露良好、操作方便等优点.     

肝移植术后谷氨酰胺的应用

目的 探讨传统全胃肠外营养（TPN）及添加丙氨酰谷氨酰胺（Gln，商品名力太）的TPN对肝移植后移植肝蛋白合成功能、机体免疫功能及对感染、排斥反应发生率的影响。方法 将50例肝移植患者随机分两组：不添加Gln的TPN组（传统组）和添加Gln的TPN组（Gln组）。术后第2天予等热量[104．6kJ／kg（体重）]、等氮量[0．16g／kg（体重）]共7d。监测术后第2和9天IgG，IgA，IgM，CD3，CD4／CD8及前清蛋白（PAB）。结果 术后第9天与术后第2天比较Gln组IgG和IgA较之传统组明显升高，组间比较P〈0．01；Gln组应用前后比较P〈0．01：Gln组CD3，CD4／CD8平均值较之传统组明显升高，组间比较P〈0．01；Gln组应用前后比较P〈0．05；Gln组感染率（20．0％）较之传统组（40．0％）明显降低（P〈0．05）；术后PBA增高幅度Gln组明娃高于传统组（P〈0．01）；两组比较IgM变化及急性排斥反应差异无显著性。结论 肝移植后静脉营养中添加Gln可增强免疫功能，尤以体液免疫增强为著，但并不增加急性排斥反应；使用Gln同时增加移植肝蛋白合成功能及降低感染发生率。