中国18城市新生儿死因研究

我们于1988年5月～1989年4月对我国18城市19所医院住院分娩的60960例活产婴进行了前瞻性调查研究.60960例中死亡556例,总死亡率9.12‰,其中死亡率男高于女,早产、低体重儿高于过期产儿和足月、正常体重儿,三胎和双胎高于单胎.前6位死因依次为窒息(或羊水胎粪吸入)、呼吸系统疾病、感染、畸形、颅内出血和硬肿症.并对各种死因在不同孕周、体重以及不同日龄组中的分布特点及主要防治对策进行了分析讨论.     

中国人血管抑素基因的克隆及其序列分析

目的：克隆中国人血管抑素(angiostatin，ANG)基因全长并进行序列分析。方法：应用RT-PCR，将5例健康人肝脏组织ANG基因克隆到pSP71载体上，用Sanger法进行基因测序分析。结果：通过RT-PCR获得一个1141bp的扩增产物，测序发现与已报道的ANG比较，国人ANG上有3个碱基突变位点：分别为第825位C→T；第927位T→G和第1078位G→A。前两个碱基突变氨基酸未发生变化，第3个碱基突变结果使缬氨酸(Val342)改变成为蛋氨酸(Met342)。结论：克隆得到中国人ANG基因片段，其碱基和氨基酸的变化可能是人群中该基因的遗传多态现象。     

头顶一颗珠地下根茎无性繁殖研究

头顶一颗珠为国家二类保护植物，又为名贵药材，其根茎无性繁殖比种子有性繁殖缩短生育期２ａ；从出苗到入药提早１２ｍｏ；平均单株根茎干重增加６％；无性繁殖系数可达１０～１２，在生产上有利用价值     

广东省SARS流行株M基因序列分析

目的：测定广东省不同流行时期13份SARS病毒(SARS CoV)标本的M基因序列，通过分析该基因序列的变异情况，初步了解广东省SARS病毒在流行过程中是否发生了变异。方法：提取病毒RNA，用M基因特异引物进行RT-PCR，将产物纯化后直接测定核苷酸序列。结果：13份标本M基因核苷酸序列同源性很高，为99．7％～100％，M基因核苷酸序列只在2个位点(80和203位)发生变异，1株80位点的变化引起编码的氨基酸从苯丙氨酸(F)变为半胱氨酸(C)，3株203位变化为无义突变。结论：M基因核苷酸序列变异不大，初期和后期M基因核苷酸序列与流行高峰期的毒株相差1个碱基，但氨基酸序列相同；从香港感染病人分离的1株病毒M基因与广东本地感染分离株存在1个氨基酸的差异。     

Effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes：retrospective epidemic analysis during 2000-2001

Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in Mainland China during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed. Results: ( 1 ) During 2000-2001, there were 3 365 extremely severe RTCs with 13 666 deaths, 12 204 injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. ( 2 ) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash. Conclusions: Extremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.     

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Middle-aged Patients

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after noncardiac surgery is strongly associated with increasing age in elderly patients; middle-aged patients (aged 40-60 yr) may be expected to have a lower incidence, although subjective complaints are frequent.

Methods: The authors compared the changes in neuropsychological test results at 1 week and 3 months in patients aged 40-60 yr, using a battery of neuropsychological tests, with those of age-matched control subjects using Z-score analysis. They assessed risk factors and associations of POCD with measures of subjective cognitive function, depression, and activities of daily living.

Results: At 7 days, cognitive dysfunction as defined was present in 19.2% (confidence interval [CI], 15.7-23.1) of the patients and in 4.0% (CI, 1.6-8.0) of control subjects (P < 0.001). After 3 months, the incidence was 6.2% (CI, 4.1-8.9) in patients and 4.1% (CI, 1.7-8.4) in control subjects (not significant). POCD at 7 days was associated with supplementary epidural analgesia and reported avoidance of alcohol consumption. At 3 months, 29% of patients had subjective symptoms of POCD, and this finding was associated with depression. Early POCD was associated with reports of lower activity scores at 3 months.     

支撑喉镜手术治疗声带息肉小结

目的:观察支撑喉镜下手术治疗声带息肉/小结的疗效.方法:对100例声带息肉/小结的患者在全麻下行支撑喉镜手术.结果:100例中,术后3d发音恢复正常31例,术后6d发音恢复正常34例,好转35例,随访3mo无复发.结论:支撑喉镜下手术治疗声带息肉/小结疗效好、创伤小、精确度较高,但同时要注意并发症的预防和处理.     

以史为鉴,直面SARS

回顾影响我国古代疫病流行的各种因素，直接面对这次SARS危机，可以引出以下思考：①要尽快有效地战胜一种传染力极强的疫病，必须是一种政府行为，必须有一个有高度取信于民，而又敢于负责，务实高效的政府来统一领导。②应该珍惜安定团结的政治局面，努力发展生产，只有拥有了可靠的物质保障，才能有经得起风浪的能力。③合理控制人口、规划大城市的建设规模，是有效防疫的必要措施，这项工作做不好，很大程度上增加了防疫工作的难度，本次发生在我国大城市的SARS爆发流行值得警惕。