Effects of the novel catalyst Ni–S2O82−–K2O/TiO2 on efficient lignin depolymerization

To improve the utilization of lignin, much effort has been devoted to lignin depolymerization with the aim to decrease waste and enhance profitability. Here, a dual property (acid and base) catalyst, namely S₂O₈²⁻–K₂O/TiO₂, was carefully researched. Upon loading S₂O₈²⁻ and K₂O onto TiO₂, acid and base sites emerged, and S₂O₈²⁻ and K₂O mutually enhanced the acid and base strengths of the catalyst enormously; this indeed facilitated lignin depolymerization. Under appropriate conditions, the yields of liquid product, petroleum ether soluble (PE-soluble) product and total monomer products were 83.76%, 50.4% and 28.96%, respectively. The constituents of the PE-soluble fraction, which are mainly monomers and dimers, can be used as liquid fuels or additives. In addition, after the catalyst was modified by Ni, better results were obtained. Surprisingly, it was found that the Ni enhanced not only the hydrogenation capacity but also the acidity. The highest high heating value (HHV) of the liquid product (33.6 MJ kg⁻¹) was obtained, and the yield of PE-soluble product increased from 50.4 to 56.4%. The product can be utilized as a fuel additive or be converted to bio-fuel. This catalysis system has significant potential in the conversion of lignin to bio-fuel.

To improve the utilization of lignin, much effort has been devoted to lignin depolymerization with the aim to decrease waste and enhance profitability.     

Dual-gate low-voltage transparent electric-double-layer thin-film transistors with a top gate for threshold voltage modulation

Dual gate (DG) low-voltage transparent electric-double-layer (EDL) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with microporous-SiO₂ for both top and bottom dielectrics have been fabricated, both dielectrics were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at room temperature. The threshold voltage of such devices can be modulated from −0.13 to 0.5 V by the top gate (TG), which switches the device from depletion-mode to enhancement-mode. High performance with a current on/off ratio (∼2.1 × 10⁶), subthreshold swing (76 mV per decade), operating voltage (1.0 V), and field-effect mobility (∼2.6 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹) are obtained. Such DG TFTs are promising for ion-sensitive field-effect transistors sensor applications with low-power consumptions.

Dual gate (DG) low-voltage transparent electric-double-layer (EDL) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with microporous-SiO₂ for both top and bottom dielectrics have been fabricated, both dielectrics were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).     

中国国家出生队列研究的理念与实践

出生队列研究在探讨生命早期暴露对子代远期健康的影响中发挥重要作用。随着育龄人口生殖健康问题的凸显, 辅助生殖技术被广泛应用于临床。而关于辅助生殖技术对母婴健康的远期影响尚未得到充分研究。2016年, 以家庭为单位, 同步招募辅助受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的多中心前瞻性的中国国家出生队列(CNBC)研究正式启动。截至2021年6月30日, 已累计在全国招募7.2万个家庭, 包括辅助生殖家庭3.9万个和自然妊娠家庭3.3万个, 本队列以面对面随访的形式在辅助生殖治疗前、胚胎移植、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及分娩时以及婴儿出生后42 d、6个月、1岁、3岁时采集数据信息和生物样本。其主要目标为评估使用辅助生殖技术后诞生子代的发育和健康状况, 发现与不良出生结局和儿童期疾病相关的危险因素, 为提升出生人口质量的策略制定提供科学依据。本文将对国家出生队列的建设概况和研究进展做简要介绍。     

Tetralogy of Fallot Cardiac Function Evaluation and Intelligent Diagnosis Based on Dual‐Source Computed Tomography Cardiac Images

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common complex congenital heart disease (CHD) of the cyanotic type. Studies on ventricular functions have received an increasing amount of attention as the development of diagnosis and treatment technology for CHD continues to advance. Reasonable options for imaging examination and accurate assessment of preoperative and postoperative left ventricular functions of TOF patients are important in improving the cure rate of TOF radical operation, therapeutic evaluation, and judgment prognosis. Therefore, with the aid of dual‐source computed tomography (DSCT), cardiac images with high temporal resolution and high definition, we measured the left ventricular time–volume curve using image data and calculating the left ventricular function parameters to conduct the preliminary evaluation on TOF patients. To comprehensively evaluate the cardiac function, the segmental ventricular wall function parameters were measured, and the measurement results were mapped to a bull's eye diagram to realize the standardization of segmental ventricular wall function evaluation. Finally, we introduced a new clustering method based on auto‐regression model parameters and combined this method with Euclidean distance measurements to establish an intelligent diagnosis of TOF. The results of this experiment show that the TOF evaluation and the intelligent diagnostic methods proposed in this article are feasible.     

Similar pyridinone compounds with different activities of anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Among the structurally diverse NNRTIs, pyridinone scaffolds demonstrate high potency against HIV-1 wild type and drug-resistant strains. During the optimization of our pyridinone compound 1 (LAM-trans),we found that the introduction of the N atoms in the C-4 position could dramatically improve the water solubility (7b), whereas protonation of the piperidine N atom resulted in a decrease in its hydrophobic interaction with the binding pocket. In particular, protonation altered the orientation of the alicyclic rings in the hydrophobic pocket, thus impeding the formation of key halogen bond and eventually leading to a huge change in anti-HIV-1 RT activity. These results provided theoretical and experimental basis for the subsequent structural modification of pyridinone compounds.