Presence of lysine at aa 335 of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of mumps virus vaccine strain Urabe AM9 is not a requirement for neurovirulence

The recent global resurgence of mumps has drawn attention to the continued need for robust mumps immunization programs. Unfortunately, some vaccines derived from inadequately attenuated vaccine strains of mumps virus have caused meningitis in vaccinees, leading to withdrawal of certain vaccine strains from the market, public resistance to vaccination, or in some cases, cessation of national mumps vaccination programs. The most widely implicated mumps vaccine in cases of postvaccination meningitis is derived from the Urabe AM9 strain, which remains in use in some countries. The Urabe AM9 vaccine virus has been shown to exhibit a considerable degree of nucleotide and amino acid heterogeneity. Some studies have specifically implicated variants containing a lysine residue at amino acid position 335 in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein with neurotoxicity, whereas a glutamic acid residue at this position was associated with attenuation. To test this hypothesis we generated two modified Urabe AM9 cDNA clones coding either for a lysine or a glutamic acid at position 335 in the HN gene. The two viruses were rescued by reverse genetics and characterized in vitro and in vivo. Both viruses exhibited similar growth kinetics in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines and were of similar neurotoxicity when tested in rats, suggesting that amino acid 335 is not a crucial determinant of Urabe AM9 growth or neurovirulence.     

脑肿瘤意识障碍临床分析

本文观察502例脑肿瘤中,有47例出现意识障碍(9.4%)。其发生机制主要有:①脑疝形成;②普遍性颅内压增高引起脑缺氧;③肿瘤内出血;④肿瘤部位如额、颞叶、上脑干等的直接损害;⑤癫痫发作。脑疝形成是主要死亡原因。简要讨论了脑肿瘤意识障碍的临床特点、预后因素以及脑中心性疝的早期诊断。     

Minocycline attenuates hyperlocomotion and prepulse inhibition deficits in mice after administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine.

The present study was undertaken to examine whether the second generation antibiotic drug minocycline attenuates behavioral changes (eg, acute hyperlocomotion and prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits) in mice after the administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (+)-MK-801 (dizocilpine). Dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with minocycline (40 mg/kg). Furthermore, the PPI deficits after a single administration of dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg) were attenuated by pretreatment with minocycline (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg), in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo microdialysis study in the free-moving mice revealed that pretreatment with minocycline (40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated the increase of extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the frontal cortex and striatum after administration of dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg), suggesting that the inhibition of dizocilpine-induced DA release by minocycline may, at least in part, be implicated in the mechanism of action of minocycline with respect to dizocilpine-induced behavioral changes in mice. These findings suggest that minocycline could attenuate behavioral changes in mice after the administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine. Therefore, it is possible that minocycline would be a potential therapeutic drug for schizophrenia.     

复发性鼻腔及鼻窦恶性肿瘤的挽救性治疗

目的 探讨鼻腔及鼻窦恶性肿瘤复发后的临床表现、与复发有关的因素、再手术的意义及缺损组织的修复。方法 排除原发性鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤，仅收集治疗后复发并且有再手术意义的病例。应用乘积极限法估计生存率，Stata7．0统计软件进行统计运算。结果 1993～2002年共有25例患者符合要求。男19例，女6例，年龄13～66岁，平均46．1岁。所有患者均有至少1次手术或放射治疗史。末次治疗至复发的时间2周～46个月，中位时间18个月，80％的患者肿瘤复发出现于末次治疗后2年内。术后随访1～65个月。再手术中无死亡病例。5例健在无肿瘤复发；局部复发2例，颈部淋巴结转移1例，经过1刀或手术治疗后2例健在、1例带瘤生存；死于局部复发13例，死于肺转移1例，死于无关疾病1例，失访2例。1年生存率62．5%，2年生存率43．7％，3年生存率29．1％，中位生存时间18个月。术后发生脑脊液漏3例次，中枢性尿崩症1例次，皮瓣部分坏死1例次。手术修补脑脊液漏l例。结论 鼻腔及鼻窦恶性肿瘤局部复发多发生于末次治疗后2年之内，主要症状是头痛及局部隆起。肿瘤的类型和分化程度与复发密切相关。合理、及时的综合治疗有助于减少复发。运用有效修复手段的再手术可改善晚期患者的生活质量，延长生命。并发症主要是脑脊液漏，多数可通过保守方法治愈。     

Anteversion angle of the femoral neck in congenital dislocation of the hip

The anteversion angle of femoral neck in 40 children, aged 18 months to 14 years (4.6 years on average), with congenital dislocation of hip was measured pre-operatively on X-ray films according to the way of Dr. Hu's method, and from the proximal femur exposed during operation. The mean value of them was 64.6 degrees and 44 degrees respectively, being statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The method of direct measurement of the anteversion angle during operation was described. The factors affecting the diversity of the measured angle value with different methods were discussed. It seems that the calculation formula used in Hu's method should somehow be corrected and a revision is put forward.     

中药企业突围欧盟市场

2002年7月,一本英文《欧盟传统草药注册程序指令(草案)》下简称 (《指令》)被送到国家中医药管理局。欧盟在官方网站上还登出此《指令》征求意见,并称负责这项工作的欧盟企业总司的司长魏森柏格先生将于当年10月上旬到我国访问,其中一个内容就是听取我国对这个《指令》的意见。因此,他们希望国家中医药管理局能及时组织研究,对此提出具体建议。