新型抗癫痫药物治疗儿童癫痫的研究进展

癫痫是小儿神经系统的常见疾病,目前药物治疗仍是首选方法.新型抗癫痫药物（AED）具有抗癫痫谱广、不良反应少,耐受性和安全性较传统AED高等优点,为临床治疗儿童癫痫提供了更多的选择.但由于全球性的儿童临床试验缺乏,导致包括AED在内的大多数药物缺少在癫痫患儿中使用的临床疗效和安全性数据,而直接根据成年人药物临床试验结果进行简单剂量折算后使用,忽略了儿童与成年人之间的区别,新型AED在儿童使用中仍存在此问题.近年来,许多研究均提出对于新型AED的安全性和有效性应以循证医学的理念进行指南制定,特别是针对儿童这一特殊人群.作者拟对常见新型AED治疗儿童癫痫的进展和循证医学证据,进行综述如下.     

星点设计-效应面法优化复方首乌藤合剂总黄酮的提取工艺

摘 要 目的：优化医院制剂复方首乌藤合剂总黄酮的提取工艺,为后续进行药效学研究奠定基础。 方法: 在单因素考察的基础上,选择浸润时间和提取时间为自变量,以复方首乌藤合剂总黄酮的含量为因变量,采用星点设计-效应面法优选出最佳提取工艺。结果: 最佳提取工艺条件为加入12倍量水,浸润时间118 min提取3次,每次提取时间为1.5 h。结论: 星点设计-效应面法优化复方首乌藤合剂总黄酮的提取工艺方法简单、模型可靠,可预测趋势良好。     

3α,19-Dihydroxyl-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene,a new diterpenoid from the rhizomes of Ricinus communis

A new natural product, 3α,19-dihydroxyl-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene (1), which possesses an α-orientation hydroxymethyl at C-4 and ?^8,14 groups, as well as eight known compounds, was isolated from the rhizomes of Ricinus communis. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and its absolute configurations were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The inhibitory rate of 1 against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) was 49.49% at the concentration of 6.58 × 10^?5 mol/L.     

Effect of auricular point pressing therapy on postoperative pain of fracture: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In clinical practices, postoperative fracture patients are often treated with analgesics. As one of the alternative therapies for nondrug analgesia, auricular point pressing has advantages of simple operation, easy to use, no injury and adverse reactions, and great potential for development. In this study, the effect of auricular point pressing therapy on postoperative pain of fracture was objectively evaluated through the method of meta-analysis, so as to provide evidence for clinical applications.Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Wan fang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were systematically searched and randomized controlled trials on auricular point pressing in the treatment of postoperative pain after fracture were includes. After independent literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation by 2 researchers, the original data was retrieved, merged, and analyzed. RevMan 5.3 software was adopted for meta-analysisResults:This study could provide high-quality evidence to evaluate the effect of auricular point pressing therapy on postoperative pain of fracture.Conclusion:This systematic review explored whether auricular point pressing therapy is effective on the intervention of postoperative pain after fracture.OSF Registration Number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/AZ4JQ.     

Application of Joanna Briggs Institute physical restraint standards to critical emergency department patients following CONSORT guidelines

To explore the effect of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) physical restraint standards in improving physical restraint in critical and emergency department patients.Enrolled 300 critical patients admitted in our hospital''s emergency department from January to December 2019: 150 patients admitted January to June 2019 as control group and 150 patients admitted July to December 2019 as observation group. Routine restraints were applied in control group. Emergency department nurses in the observation group received thematic and practical JBI standardized training. This included pre-restraint assessment, principles of physical restraint, informed consent, using a restraint decision-making wheel, and alternatives to physical restraint. The incidence of restraint-associated adverse events (e.g., skin bruising, swelling) and restraint utilization rate were examined between 2 groups.The incidence of adverse events and the restraint utilization rate were significantly lower in the observation group (P < .05).The application of JBI physical restraint standards for emergency department patients can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse events and the restraint utilization rate.