Documenting the location of prostate biopsies with image fusion

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort)
Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Currently, systematic prostate biopsies are obtained with minimal information about their actual location. This study demonstrates that a electromagnetically tracked ultrasound probe can be used to guide biopsies into specific areas of the prostate. By registering the ultrasound to an MRI scan of the prostate, obtained prior to biopsy, it is possible to accurately map the location of biopsies. Thus, if a patient requires a repeat biopsy, or there is a question about whether a specific area of the prostate was sampled, this system can be used to more accurately guide biopsies in the future. OBJECTIVE To develop a system that documents the location of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)‐guided prostate biopsies by fusing them to MRI scans obtained prior to biopsy, as the actual location of prostate biopsies is rarely known. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients (median age 61) with a median prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) of 5.8 ng/ml underwent 3T endorectal coil MRI prior to biopsy. 3D TRUS images were obtained just prior to standard TRUS‐guided 12‐core sextant biopsies wherein an electromagnetic positioning device was attached to the needle guide and TRUS probe in order to track the position of each needle pass. The 3D‐TRUS image documenting the location of each biopsy was fused electronically to the T2‐weighted MRI. Each biopsy needle track was marked on the TRUS images and these were then transposed onto the MRI. Each biopsy site was classified pathologically as positive or negative for cancer and the Gleason score was determined. RESULTS The location of all (n= 605) needle biopsy tracks was successfully documented on the T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI. Among 50 patients, 20 had 56 positive cores. At the sites of biopsy, T2W signal was considered ‘positive’ for cancer (i.e. low in signal intensity) in 34 of 56 sites. CONCLUSION It is feasible to document the location of TRUS‐guided prostate biopsies on pre‐procedure MRI by fusing the pre‐procedure TRUS to an endorectal coil MRI using electromagnetic needle tracking. This procedure may be useful in documenting the location of prior biopsies, improving quality control and thereby avoiding under‐sampling of the prostate as well as directing subsequent biopsies to regions of the prostate not previously sampled.     

Oncological outcome of T1 rectal cancer undergoing standard resection and local excision

Aim We studied the outcome and prognostic factors for T1 rectal cancer patients undergoing standard resection or transanal excision. Method One hundred and twenty‐four patients with T1 rectal cancer were included in the study, of whom 66 (53.2%) underwent standard resection and 58 (46.8%) underwent transanal excision. Survival analysis was performed to compare the outcome. Results The 5‐year local recurrence rate was 11.0% in the transanal excision group versus 1.6% in the standard resection group (P = 0.031) but the 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis suggested that a high tumour grade and perineural or lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for local recurrence and recurrence‐free survival. For high‐risk patients (with at least one of the above risk factors), the 5‐year local recurrence and 10‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 21.2% and 74.5%, versus 1.2% and 92.0% in low‐risk patients (P = 0.00003 and P = 0.003). In patients undergoing transanal excision, none in the low‐risk group had local recurrence during follow up, while 40% (6 of 15) of patients in the high‐risk group developed local recurrence within 5 years after surgery. The 5‐year local recurrence rate was 45.0%. Conclusion Transanal excision in T1 rectal cancer may result in a high rate of local failure for patients with a high‐grade tumour, or perineural or lymphovascular invasion. Local excision should be avoided as a curative treatment in high‐risk patients.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: analysis of 24 cases

Background

Our aim was to summarize our experience with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas to provide a reference for the management of this rare condition.

Methods

We collected and analyzed retrospective data on the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, radiologic imaging, pathology and operative details of patients with SPN of the pancreas diagnosed between February 2001 and December 2009.

Results

In all, 23 of 24 patients were women, and the mean age of all patients was 31 years. The most common clinical presentation was vague abdominal pain. Abdominal imaging showed solid or solid cystic masses in the pancreas, mostly in the tail or head of the gland. All patients were treated surgically. There were no postoperative deaths. After follow-up ranging from 4 to 109 months (median 68 mo), 20 of 22 patients who underwent curative resection were alive with no evidence of disease recurrence. Of the 2 patients with R1 resections, 1 died 42 months after surgery, whereas the other underwent a second operation and was alive after 36 months’ follow-up.

Conclusion

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a relatively indolent tumour. The initial diagnosis of SPN of the pancreas is suggested by radiologic imaging findings but should be considered in the context of clinical and histopathologic characteristics. We advocate for complete surgical resection once SPN is diagnosed.     

经皮椎体成型术在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的临床应用分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成型术在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的临床疗效。方法对笔者所在医院就诊的18例患者采用经皮椎体成型术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折,手术在C臂机监测下,经皮向椎体内穿刺并注入骨水泥,并对患者术后椎体疼痛症状及椎体前缘高度进行分析。结果术后全部患者获得随访,随访时间1～18个月,平均11个月,患者腰背部疼痛明显好转,椎体前缘高度无明显继发丢失,椎体后凸角度无明显增大。结论经皮椎体成型术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折安全有效,疗效满意。     

腹膜后局限型Castleman病2例报告及文献复习

目的 提高对腹膜后局限型Castleman病的认识和诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析2例Castleman病患者的诊治过程并进行文献复习.结果 2例患者术前均未明确诊断,成功行手术切除,术后病理证实为Castleman病,在临床分类上均属于局限型.术后随访6～12个月,未见肿瘤复发.结论 Castleman病临床表现无特异性,可发生于淋巴组织的任何部位,术前CT检查对诊断该病有一定帮助,确诊有赖于病理学检查,手术切除为首选治疗方法,综合治疗可获得较佳疗效.     

冬凌草甲素对膀胱癌EJ细胞的生长抑制作用及机制

目的研究冬凌草甲素（ORI）对膀胱癌EJ细胞株的抑制作用及机制。方法 MTT法检测ORI对EJ细胞的生长抑制作用;电子显微镜和Hoechst 33258染色法观察细胞的形态学变化;Western blot检测Bcl-2和Bax表达的变化。TRAP-PCR-银染法检测端粒酶活性的变化。结果 ORI对EJ细胞有明显的生长抑制作用,呈明显的时间-效应关系和浓度-效应关系。随着ORI作用时间延长,Bcl-2的表达逐渐减弱,Bax的表达逐渐增强。EJ细胞的端粒酶活性随着ORI作用时间的延长而逐渐降低。结论 ORI对膀胱癌EJ细胞有明显的生长抑制作用;机制可能是通过下调Bcl-2/Bax和通过抑制端粒酶活性诱发EJ细胞凋亡的。     

髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统的设计与1122例多中心研究分析

目的：设计髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统并通过1122例髋臼骨折多中心分析研究,探索该系统的可行性与临床实用价值。方法：根据髋臼三柱壁概念,参考髋臼骨折多米诺骨牌效应所致的骨盆环损伤方向和股骨近端关节损伤程度,设A类为髋臼任何一柱、壁骨折;B类为任何二柱、壁骨折;C类为髋臼前、中（臼顶）、后柱/壁混合骨折。小写英文字母a、m、p,分别代表前、中、后柱/壁骨折。采取损伤变数分型：髋臼损伤变数,1系简单移位骨折;2系粉碎骨折;3系压缩性缺损。盆环损伤变数：α系骶髂关节/骶髂处骨折呈水平位分离变位;β系前者垂直方向分离变位;γ系耻骨联合分离/耻骨上、下支骨折变位;δ系αβγ综合性的浮动损伤。股近端关节损伤变数：Ⅰ系股骨头骨折;Ⅱ系股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ系股骨转子部骨折;Ⅳ系Ⅰ～Ⅲ混合性骨折。应用上述构成的髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统,统计1997年3月至2010年2月,1122例髋臼骨折,其中18例双侧髋臼骨折,共1140例髋。分析研究骨盆前后位片,髂骨、闭孔斜位片及2/3DCT资料。结果：1140例组别各损伤变数构成比：A类骨折237例（20.8%）,B类骨折605例（53.1%）,C类骨折298例（26.1%）。涉及前柱壁骨折808例,发生率为70.9%,中柱壁骨折507例,发生率为44.5%,后柱壁骨折1026例,发生率为90%。涉及髋臼变数1,即简单移位骨折203例（17.8%）;变数2,即粉碎性骨折516例（45.3%）;变数3,即压缩性骨折缺损421例（36.9%）;涉及骨盆环损伤249例,占总数21.8%;涉及股骨近端骨折75例,占总数的6.6%;双侧髋臼骨折与相关盆环、股骨近端变数组18例（1.6%）。1140例髋臼骨折之关键部位与疗效要素：涉及髋臼中（臼顶）柱/壁骨折507例（44.5%）;压缩性缺损421例（36.9%）;盆环变数249例（21.8%）;股近端关节变数75例（6.6%）;而相对简单的Aa/p1/2、Bap1/2型髋臼骨折486例（42.6%）。结论：研究表明髋臼损伤变数中粉碎压缩,尤其是压缩缺损骨折占重要比重,同时彰显了髋臼骨折合并骨盆环或股骨近端损伤变数并非少见。该研究揭示了髋臼骨折损伤变数之间的相互关系,其百分比表明了临床治疗的重点和要素：负重之臼顶44.5%;压缩之缺损36.9%;盆环之浮动21.8%;＂头-臼＂之双折6.6%。该系统在伤情评估、解剖定位、难度指数、选择对策、手术入路、疗效预后等方面,起到临床指导作用,创建了同类型骨折损伤变数的比较,为＂同质语言＂的交流,探索了新的途径。     

三七总皂苷促进腱骨愈合的实验研究

目的：研究三七总皂苷对腱骨愈合的影响。方法：取20只成年新西兰大白兔,随机分为PNS组及空白对照组,每组10只。两组动物均切断双侧膝关节前交叉韧带,以趾长伸肌腱重建前交叉韧带,制作腱骨愈合模型。PNS组骨隧道内注射三七总皂苷注射液,干预腱骨愈合。空白对照组不予干预措施。术后4周及8周每组各处死5只新西兰大白兔,获取腱骨愈合标本。通过肉眼、组织学切片观察两组腱骨愈合的变化及差异。结果：顺利完成所有手术,20只大白兔无死亡及关节感染。大体观察,两组动物4周时腱骨界面为纤维连接,8周时腱骨间隙已不容易辨认。组织学观察,PNS组腱骨界面细胞成熟度更高,sharphy纤维生长更加密集,间质钙化程度更高,新骨形成量更多。8周时界面组织形态分类,两组分布差异有统计学意义。结论：三七总皂苷能够促进腱骨界面细胞成熟,促进腱骨界面胶原生长,促进新骨形成,加快腱骨愈合速度,提高腱骨愈合质量。但本研究尚未对各项指标进行定量测量,三七总皂苷促进腱骨愈合的详细机制尚未完全明确。     

肩锁关节脱位闭合穿针固定定位导向器的研制和临床应用

目的：通过研究一种方便于闭合复位经皮缝合内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位的辅助工具观察其临床应用效果。方法：自2008年6月至2009年12月,应用自行设计的肩锁关节脱位闭合穿针固定定位导向器穿针固定配以经皮修复肩锁韧带治疗肩锁关节脱位36例。其中男24例,女12例;年龄20～61岁,平均38.6岁。术前受伤时间3.5～72h,平均15.2h。均为TossyⅢ度肩锁关节脱位,无合并锁骨骨折。总结手术所用时间、术中出血量及临床效果。结果：术中未发生锁骨下神经、血管损伤,平均手术时间20min,平均出血量10ml,X线片示肩锁关节固定克氏针位置准确。术后6周取针,随访2～26个月,平均14.3个月,按Karlsson标准评定临床效果满意,优22例,良13例,差1例。结论：此方法简便易行,缩短了手术时间,费用低,且无手术切口瘢痕形成,保证了体表美观,属微创范围,便于推广应用。     

锁定加压板治疗股骨干骨折失败原因分析

股骨干骨折采用骨牵引、石膏外固定等方法治疗并发症多,长期固定影响下肢功能,目前常用的手术方法治疗股骨干骨折。锁定加压板（locking compress plate,LCP）在治疗干骺端粉碎性骨折、骨质疏松性骨折、骨干复杂粉碎性骨折以及假体周围骨折等特殊类型骨折有优势[1]。