出生前后小鼠胸腺S-100蛋白表达的免疫组织化学分析

目的：研究出生前、后小鼠胸腺Ｓ１００蛋白的表达。方法：用免疫组织化学方法对小鼠胸腺Ｓ１００蛋白的表达时间、表达强弱及分布进行原位观察。结果：孕第１７、１９天胎鼠胸腺未见任何Ｓ１００蛋白表达；新生鼠及生后１～５周小鼠胸腺仅呈现极弱的Ｓ１００蛋白表达；生后６周小鼠胸腺Ｓ１００蛋白表达明显增强，并达到最高峰；６周后Ｓ１００蛋白表达又明显减弱。结论：小鼠胸腺Ｓ１００蛋白表达的强弱与小鼠年龄的增长具有相关性     

龟板提取物靶向BMP4通路抑制PC12细胞凋亡

目的 探讨龟板提取物（Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum extracts,TCPE）对血清饥饿诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法 采用血清饥饿3 d的方法建立PC12细胞凋亡模型,并将细胞分为对照组,模型组,TCPE低、高剂量（3、30 μg/mL）组。在施加处理因素3 d后,用MTT比色分析测定细胞吸光度值,Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测Caspase-3、BMPs信号通路的表达水平,并检测BMPs信号通路阻断后TCPE的抗凋亡作用。用Bio-Rad Quantity One凝胶分析系统对条带进行半定量分析。结果 MTT与流式细胞术结果显示,TCPE能提高PC12细胞活性,降低PC12细胞凋亡率,并呈剂量依赖性,TCPE组与模型组相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。Western blotting结果显示,TCPE能降低Caspase-3表达,增加BMP4、BMPR-IA、p-Smad1/5/8的表达,TCPE组与模型组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。TCPE对BMP2、BMP7、BMPR-II的表达没有影响,BMPR-IB没有被检测出。BMP4中和抗体减弱了TCPE的抗凋亡活性。结论 TCPE具有抑制血清饥饿诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用,且这种作用呈剂量依赖性,其作用机制可能与激活BMP4信号通路表达有关。     

难治性抑郁症的条件-测试刺激模式P50感觉门实验研究

目的 研究难治性抑郁症患者的听觉P50感觉门特点.方法 应用Nicolet Bravo脑电生理仪,采用听觉条件刺激(S1)-测试刺激(S2)模式,对50例难治性抑郁症患者和51名正常人进行听觉P50检测.结果 ①难治性抑郁症组S2-P50波幅显著高于正常对照组(2.79 μV vs 1.66 μV,P<0.01);②难治性抑郁症组P50抑制明显减弱,S2/S1比值明显大于正常对照组(85.74%vs 45.15%,P<0.01);③难治性抑郁症组S1-S2和100(1-S2/S1)均明显小于正常对照组(0.77 vs 2.74和14.26 vs 54.85,均P<0.01).④感觉门P50的三种表达式与Hamilton抑郁量表评分显著相关(P<0.01).结论 难治性抑郁症的感觉门同样也存在异常,表现为抑制不足,能通过听觉P50进行定量检测.S2/S1、S1-S2和100(1-S2/S1)三种表达式的结合有可能是特定的脑电生物学指标;感觉门P50缺陷可能是难治性抑郁症的一种状态标志.     

2型糖尿病病人应对方式及其影响因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病病人的应对方式及其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般情况评估量表和解亚宁编制的简易应对方式量表,通过目的抽样对住院和门诊2型糖尿病病人180例进行调查,回收有效问卷162份,有效率为90.0%。将162例2型糖尿病病人的应对方式与常模比较,一般情况评估量表的3个内容即一般资料、代谢控制指标、自我管理能力的27个条目行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选应对方式的影响因素。结果2型糖尿病病人与常模应对方式比较,经统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2型糖尿病病人积极应对分值高于常模,较常模更多采用积极应对方式;2型糖尿病病人消极应对分值低于常模,较常模少采取消极应对方式。多因素Logistic多元回归结果显示:空腹血糖、职业、甘油三酯、病程、饮食控制、能否遵医嘱注射胰岛素是2型糖尿病病人积极应对方式的影响因素;年龄、劳动性质、家族史、是否知道低血糖的预防和处理、能否遵医嘱注射胰岛素是2型糖尿病病人消极应对方式的影响因素。结论积极的应对方式可能有助于提高2型糖尿病病人代谢控制和自我管理能力。护士应鼓励和引导代谢控制和自我管理能力差的病人多采取积极的应对方式,减少不良情绪的影响,良好地控制疾病和提高其生活质量。     

Attitudes Toward the Global Allocation of Chinese COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-sectional Online Survey of Adults Living in China

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are in short supply worldwide. China was among the first countries to pledge supplies of the COVID-19 vaccine as a global public product, and to date, the country has provided more than 600 million vaccines to more than 200 countries and regions with low COVID-19 vaccination rates. Understanding the public’s attitude in China toward the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines could inform global and national decisions, policies, and debates.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of adults living in China regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China and how these attitudes vary across provinces and by sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey among adults registered with the survey company KuRunData. The survey asked participants 31 questions about their attitudes regarding the global allocation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China. We disaggregated responses by province and sociodemographic characteristics. All analyses used survey sampling weights.ResultsA total of 10,000 participants completed the questionnaire. Participants generally favored providing COVID-19 vaccines to foreign countries before fulfilling domestic needs (75.6%, 95% CI 74.6%-76.5%). Women (3778/4921, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.32; P=.002) and those living in rural areas (3123/4065, 76.8%; odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27; P=.03) were especially likely to hold this opinion. Most respondents preferred providing financial support through international platforms rather than directly offering support to individual countries (72.1%, 95% CI 71%-73.1%), while for vaccine products they preferred direct provision to relevant countries instead of via a delivery platform such as COVAX (77.3%, 95% CI 76.3%-78.2%).ConclusionsAmong our survey sample, we found that adults are generally supportive of the international distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, which may encourage policy makers to support and implement the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China worldwide. Conducting similar surveys in other countries could help align policy makers’ actions on COVID-19 vaccine distribution with the preferences of their constituencies.     

高血压伴焦虑抑郁障碍的研究进展

高血压作为全球高发的疾病,是许多心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素,给社会带来巨大的经济负担。近年来,焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍的发病率逐年上升,高血压共病焦虑抑郁的人数也在不断增加,现有的研究表明两者可能存在相互促进的关系,在发病机制上也有一定共通性,但两者共病的机制尚未完全阐明。本文就原发性高血压伴焦虑抑郁障碍的定义及诊断量表、流行病学、相互影响机制和治疗等展开综述。     

Optimizing the Thermomechanical Process of Nickel-Based ODS Superalloys by an Efficient Method

Thermo-mechanical process of nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys is critical to produce desired components. In this study, an efficient method of consolidating powder is introduced to optimize the preparation process, microstructure and properties of nickel-based ODS superalloys. The influences of consolidation temperature, strain rate and ball milling time on the hardness of nickel-based superalloys were studied. The relationship among process, microstructure and hardness was established, the nanoparticles strengthening and grain boundary strengthening in nickel-based ODS superalloys were discussed. The results indicate that long ball milling time, moderately low consolidation temperature and high strain rates are beneficial to improving properties of nickel-based superalloys. Moreover, dispersion strengthening of nanoparticles and grain boundary strengthening play important roles in enhancing nickel-based ODS superalloys.     

Role of miR‐21‐5p/FilGAP axis in estradiol alleviating the progression of monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertension

BackgroundAberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is, however, not clear whether miRNAs are involved in estrogen rescue of PH.MethodsFresh plasma samples were prepared from 12 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients and 12 healthy controls undergoing right heart catheterization in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. From each sample, 5 μg of total RNA was tagged and hybridized on microRNA microarray chips. Monocrotaline‐induced PH (MCT‐PH) male rats were treated with 17β‐estradiol (E₂) or vehicle. Subgroups were cotreated with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist or with antagonist of miRNA.ResultsMany circulating miRNAs, including miR‐21‐5p and miR‐574‐5p, were markedly expressed in patients and of interest in predicting mean pulmonary arterial pressure elevation in patients. The expression of miR‐21‐5p in the lungs was significantly upregulated in MCT‐PH rats compared with the controls. However, miR‐574‐5p showed no difference in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats and controls. miR‐21‐5p was selected for further analysis in rats as E₂ strongly regulated it. E₂ decreased miR‐21‐5p expression in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats by ERβ. E₂ reversed miR‐21‐5p target gene FilGAP downregulation in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats. The abnormal expression of RhoA, ROCK2, Rac1 and c‐Jun in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats was inhibited by E₂ and miR‐21‐5p antagonist.ConclusionsmiR‐21‐5p level was remarkably associated with PH severity in patients. Moreover, the miR‐21‐5p/FilGAP signaling pathway modulated the protective effect of E₂ on MCT‐PH through ERβ.     

194名HIV阳性孕妇临床特征分析

目的 对广西4个市、县在产前门诊发现的194例艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性孕产妇的人口学、流行病学临床及实验室特征进行描述性分析,了解HIV对孕产妇的影响.方法 针对在2006年10月到2009年2月广西省4个市、县发现的194例HIV阳性孕产妇人口学、流行病学、临床和实验室特征进行分析.结果 194名HIV阳性的孕妇的平均年龄(26±4.4)岁,大部分经性感染,其中孕早期和孕晚期发现的比例分别为14.4%和45.9%;孕产妇发现时的中位CD4和病毒载量分别为317个/mL和23 600拷贝/mL,CD4＜350和病毒载量≥100 000的病人所占比例超过54%和19%;61.9%和16.0%的孕妇发现时有贫血和机会性感染症状,机会性感染主要表现为反复发热、皮肤损害、呼吸道感染、结核和慢性腹泻;4.61%和67.01%的阳性孕产妇分别在怀孕前和怀孕期间接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗,9.28%接受复方新诺明预防相关机会性感染.结论 尽早发现HIV阳性孕产妇,了解阳性孕产妇的流行病、人口学、临床及实验室特征是开展HIV阳性孕产妇干预和关怀的前提.     

鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达在卵巢肿瘤中的临床意义

目的研究鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)在卵巢肿瘤中的表达情况,探讨ODC基因在卵巢肿瘤发生、发展中的作用及其在恶性卵巢肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法恶性卵巢肿瘤32例,良性卵巢肿瘤26例,正常卵巢17例,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法。结果(1)良、恶性卵巢肿瘤组ODCmRNA表达量与正常卵巢组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恶性卵巢肿瘤组与良性卵巢肿瘤组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)不同病理类型的恶性卵巢肿瘤ODCmRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),高分化组ODCmRNA表达低于中、低分化组(P<0.05),(Ⅲ+Ⅳ)期组ODCmRNA表达显著高于(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)期组(P<0.01)。结论卵巢肿瘤组织中ODC基因表达增高,而恶性肿瘤组织中异常高表达,并随着组织学分级、临床分期的增高递增,表明卵巢组织中ODCmRNA表达水平增高是促进肿瘤形成的重要因素,ODC基因表达增强与恶性卵巢肿瘤的发生与转移有关。