Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - We report here a comparative analysis of the acute antidepressant actions of derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid (emoxypine, Reamberin, and... 相似文献
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objectives. To assess the severity of pain syndrome, emotional status, and quantitative levels of humoral serotonin in patients with cervical dystonia (CD)... 相似文献
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - One version of the optogenetic prosthetization of the degenerative retina is an approach based on creation of an ON/OFF receptive field for ganglion neurons... 相似文献
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Confocal microscopy was used to analyze double immunolabeling and provided evidence of the locations of a large number of tyrosine... 相似文献
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objective: To study the characteristics of the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in hippocampal fields CA1 and CA3 in adult male humans and adult... 相似文献
The Cluster of differentiation 226(CD226)/T cell immunoglobulin and immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) axis plays an important role in the balance of the immune response. A previous study showed that CD226 is involved in CD4+ T cell differentiation and that blocking CD226 may attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, it was found that Cd226−/− mice were less susceptible to EAE and that there was less T helper 17(Th17) cell infiltration with higher levels of regulatory cells (Tregs) infiltration in the Cd226−/− EAE mouse central nervous system (CNS) compared with that in the WT EAE mouse CNS. Moreover, the suppressive function of Cd226−/− Tregs was upregulated compared with that of WT Tregs. Furthermore, it was observed that the expression levels of CTLA-4 and TIGIT on Cd226−/− Tregs were higher than those on WT Tregs during EAE in the spleen and CNS. Our results demonstrate a pivotal role for CD226 in attenuating Treg function in EAE that was associated with downregulating the expression levels of CTLA-4 and TIGIT. 相似文献
Immunologic Research - The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) in tumor cells is regulated by interferon signaling, and it is an important factor in the efficacy of... 相似文献
T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cell is a recently discovered subset of T regulatory (Treg) cells. The main function of Tfr cells is thought to suppress germinal cancer reaction and inhibit B cell proliferation and Ig production. However, recent studies demonstrate that Tfr cells may be required for high-affinity Ig formation during acute virus infections. The role of Tfr cells in breast cancer is not thoroughly investigated. In this study, total circulating CD4 T cells were sorted into CD25+CXCR5− Treg-like, CD25+CXCR5+ Tfr-like, and CD25−CXCR5+ Tfh-like subsets. Data showed that the Tfr-like subset presented intermediate levels of both Foxp3 and Bcl-6, while the Treg-like subset was high in Foxp3 and low in Bcl-6, and the Tfh-like was high in Bcl-6 and low in Foxp3. Of note, the frequencies of Tfr-like and Treg-like cells were significantly elevated in breast cancer (BC) patients than in non-cancer (NC) controls. Tfr-like cells in BC patients also expressed significantly higher levels of Foxp3 than those in NC controls. Neither Treg-like nor Tfr-like cells could support Ig production from naive B cells, while Tfh-like cells potently supported Ig production from naive B cells. Tfr-like cells increased the availability of IL-10, both by directly producing IL-10 and by increasing IL-10 production from B cells. Interestingly, Tfr-like cells increased IL-10 production from B cells synergistically with Tfh cells, but at the same time, significantly reduced Ig production in the Tfh-B cell coculture. These Tfr-mediated effects on Tfh cells were not found in canonical Treg cells. Overall, this study demonstrates several distinctive features in circulating Tfr cells and suggests that Tfr cells may promote the formation of IL-10-producing B cells in BC.
Astroviruses (AstV) are associated with enteric and systemic disease in mammals and birds. Astroviruses have received increased attention recently as they have been found to be associated with sporadic neurologic disease in mammals including humans. In pigs, porcine astrovirus (PoAstV) can be widely detected and has been grouped in five genotypes (PoAstV1 to PoAstV5). In the present study, we detected multiple PoAstVs in serum samples, nasal swabs, and fecal swabs collected from pigs suffering from respiratory disease or diarrhea but also from asymptomatic pigs, indicating a wide tissue tropism of the identified PoAstV genotypes. Coinfection of different genotypes in the same pig was commonly observed, and within an individual pig a high genetic diversity was observed for viruses belonging to the same PoAstV genotype. Two complete genomes of PoAstV2-WG-R2/2017 and PoAstV4-WG-R2/2017 were successfully obtained and characterized, with genome sizes of 6396 and 6643 nucleotides, respectively. The PoAstV2-WG-R2/2017 genome showed identities of 67.2–77.4% to other known PoAstV2 genomes, and the PoAstV4-WG-R2/2017 genome showed identities of 72.8–80.5% to other known PoAstV4 genomes. The predicted spike domain of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of these strains showed the highest genetic heterogeneity, with amino acid identities of 13.7–70.9% for PoAstV2-WG-R2/2017 to other known PoAstV2 strains, and identities of 24.4–63.3% for the PoAstV4-WG-R2/2017 to other known PoAstV4 strains. Possible recombination events were identified in each of the two sequences. Two subclades of PoAstV2 and three subclades of PoAstV4 were defined in the present analyses. The obtained data provide further evidence for extraintestinal infectivity of PoAstVs, and confirmed the high genetic diversity of PoAstVs and the coinfection potential of different PoAstV types in a single pig.
