高频透热撕囊法在白内障手术中的应用

目的:评价在白内障手术中使用高频透热撕囊仪作连续环形撕囊的效果。方法:在30例(34眼)患者进行白内障囊外摘出联合后房型人工晶体植入术中,先向前房注入透明质酸钠,然后使用高频透热撕囊仪作晶体连续环形撕囊术。结果:有3眼术中出现小的晶体前囊放射状撕裂,所有病例术后角膜无水肿,无其他术后合并症,术后一周31眼矫正视力≥0.5,占91.2％。结论:此法操作简便,易于掌握,是一个安全有效的连续环形撕囊的方法。尤其适用于过熟期白内障,儿童先天性白内障和外伤性白内障的截囊。眼科学报1999;15:121—123。     

视紫红质基因型与视网膜色素变性临床表型相关性的初步研究

目的:对国人视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa RP)患者中视紫红质基因不同突变与临床表型相关性进行初步研究。方法:对经异源双链-SSCP和序列分析确定为视紫红质基因不同位点突变的3例RP患者,收集其详细临床资料,比较其异同。结果:详细描述了3例已知突变患者的临床表现。视紫红质基因不同位点突变,临床表现不尽相同,发生在杆细胞外节胞液侧的突变,常导致严重类型的Ⅰ型视网膜色素变性;而发生在杆细胞外节盘膜内的突变,常引起相对较轻的Ⅱ型视网膜色素变性。结论:本文3例视紫红质基因不同位点突变与临床表型有一定关系,但要建立基因突变与表型间确切的对应关系和规律,尚需积累更多病例资料进一步分析研究。眼科学报1999;15:204-206。     

Barriers to follow‐up of abnormal screening mammograms among low‐income minority women

Objective. To describe factors related to compliance diagnostic follow‐up among minority women of low socioeconomic status with abnormal screening mammograms.

Methods. A retrospective cross‐sectional survey using a structured telephone interview. Three cancer screening clinics at an urban inner‐city public hospital. All women with abnormal screening mammograms between September 1990 and January 1992 were eligible; women were interviewed in August 1992. Abnormal mammograms were those requiring specific, non‐routine clinical follow‐up; non‐compliance was defined as delayed follow‐up (four to six months after the date of the mammogram), or no follow‐up at the time of interview (more than 6 months after abnormal).

Results. Sixty‐two of 442 screened women had abnormal results; the overall rate of non‐compliance with follow‐up was 50%. Among the 42 (68%) women who agreed to be interviewed, non‐compliers were less likely to state that they had been told to receive follow‐up than compilers (65% versus 100%; p = 0.008). Non‐compliant women were less likely to have suspicious mammography interpretations (p = 0.05), and more likely to report barriers to follow‐up, such as cost of lost wages and medical care, system barriers, or fears, than compliant women (61.9% versus 9%, p = 0.01). There were no differences between the two groups for age, education, insurance, source of care, family history, knowledge or attitudes.

Conclusions. These preliminary results suggest that follow‐up of low income, minority women with abnormal screening mammograms could be enhanced by improved communication of results. Future studies should extend these findings with larger samples and in other settings and populations.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORNEAL DELLEN AND TEARFILM BREAKUP TIME

The BUT of 51 strabismus patients were measured before and after operation. The average pre-op BUT was 28.75 seconds(10.96"-91.80"). The post-op BUT in all operated eyes were reduced significantly, no matter what procedures had been performed and whether dellen appeared or not(P<0.01). The BUT in the group complicated dellen reduced from 23.22"(pre-op) to 8.61"(post-op). The incidence of dellen was 22.54% in this study. The incidence of dellen after rectus resection procedure(47.75%) was much higher than that after rectus recession(5.13%)(P<0.01). This study showed that dellen was closelyre related to the BUT and occurred more often in the eyes on which resection procedure was performed. It is considered that excessive lacrimation and elevation of the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus may disturb the stability of the precornea tearfilm and cause the tearfilm break up earlier. Local corneal dehydration and dellen formation may be caused by reduced BUT. The incidence of dellen after operation may be higher if the cornea was carefully observed.     

地黄血清药物化学的初步研究

目的：首次研究地黄的血清药物化学。方法：在建立地黄HPLC指纹图谱的基础上，通过比较地黄药材各提取部位、给药及未给药大鼠血清的HPLC指纹图谱，筛选、研究地黄的活性成分及其作用机理。结果：地黄水溶性部位给药组大鼠血清的HPLC指纹图谱与其他给药组及空白对照组有明显不同。结论：水溶性高分子部位是地黄的主要有效部位，对其血清药物化学的深入研究，将有助于阐明地黄的药理活性、作用机理。     

远志的化学成分研究Ⅲ

目的：研究远志益智安神的有效成分，为开发治疗老年痴呆症的新药及远志的质量控制奠定基础。方法：采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20进行纯化，通过各种光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果：从远志根皮95％乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物和氯仿萃取物中分离得到了9个化合物，分别鉴定为α-菠甾醇葡萄糖苷(I)，α-菠甾醇葡萄糖苷-6’-0-棕榈酸酯(Ⅱ)，豆甾醇(Ⅲ)，(28Z)-三十四碳烯酸(Ⅳ)，1，7-dimethoxy-2，3-methylenedioxyxanthone(V)，1，2，3，6，7-pentamethoxyxanthone(VI)，1，2，3，7-tetramethoxyxanthone(Ⅶ)，1，3，7-trihydroxyxanthone(Ⅷ)和1，6，7-trihydroxy-2，3-dimethoxyxanthone(IX)。结论：化合物Ⅳ新化合物，化合物I、Ⅱ和Ⅷ为首次从远志属植物中分离得到，化合物Ⅲ和Ⅸ为首次从远志植物中分离得到。     

视疲劳综合征的研究概况

视疲劳综合征是以眼部各种不适症状为突出表现的一组症侯群。作者综述了目前对视疲劳的定义、分类、诊断和治疗方面的研究进展。     

核桃提取物急性毒性和遗传毒性的实验研究

目的　观察核桃提取物对动物的毒性安全性并对其进行评价。方法　通过大鼠急性毒性实验 ,大鼠亚急性毒性实验 ,Am es试验以及小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验 ,小鼠骨髓微核试验和小鼠单细胞凝胶电泳试验对其毒性安全性进行实验和评价。结果　急性毒性实验中 ,核桃提取物经口半数致死量 ( L D50 ) >10 g/ kg体重 ;亚急性毒性试验结果显示 :各项生化指标均在正常范围之内 ,而且各组之间差异无显著性 ,各组脏体比及体重增长差异无显著性 ;Am es试验结果显示 :自发回变组与各剂量组之间差异无显著性 ,而与阳性对照组差异有显著性 ;小鼠骨髓微核试验显示 :阴性对照组与各剂量组之间差异无显著性 ,阳性对照组与阴性对照组及各剂量组之间差异有显著性 ;小鼠睾丸染色体试验与单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果和微核试验相一致。结论　核桃提取物在急性毒性试验、亚急性毒性试验及遗传毒性试验中均未显示有毒性作用 ,符合《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》GB15 193 .1- 94的要求 ,初步认为用于人体是安全的     

高频振荡通气治疗新生儿肺透明膜病文献的Meta分析

目的　综合比较高频振荡通气 (HFOV)与传统机械通气 (CMV)对新生儿肺透明膜病的治疗作用及其潜在危害性。方法　通过数据库检索出符合纳入分析条件的相关文献 12篇 ,采用Meta分析方法进行定性、定量综合分析 ,得出合并OR值及其 95 %可信区间。结果　与CMV相比 ,HFOV能明显改善肺透明膜病患儿的呼吸功能 (P <0 0 0 5 )以及降低慢性肺部疾病的发生率 (P <0 0 1) ,但增加新生儿颅内出血的危险性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在两种通气方式引起的气漏方面 ,无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　应用HFOV治疗新生儿肺透明膜病的效果优于CMV ,并可减少慢性肺部疾病的发生 ,但应注意其它并发症的出现。     

羟甲唑啉在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的：探讨经甲唑啉(商品名：达芬霖)在鼻内镜手术中的应用价值。方法：观察在68例鼻内镜手术中应用经甲唑啉对患者的脉搏、纤毛运动的影响及出现反跳的时间。结果：在经甲唑啉应用前后，68例患者的脉搏变化差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)；10例慢性鼻窦炎患者的纤毛移动率差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)；降低鼻血流量约50％；作用持续时间长达6h。结论：经甲唑啉作为鼻教膜血管减充剂和麻醉辅助药，常规用于鼻内镜手术，安全、有效。