对比四维子宫输卵管超声造影与子宫输卵管造影评估输卵管通畅性效能:Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析对比四维子宫输卵管超声造影（4D-HyCoSy）与子宫输卵管造影（HSG）评估输卵管通畅性的效能。方法 系统搜索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方医学网及维普数据库中建库至今有关4D-HyCoSy和/或HSG评估输卵管通畅性的文献。由2名研究人员依据纳入标准和排除标准筛选文献并提取信息；分别计算4D-HyCoSy和HSG评估输卵管通畅性的合并敏感度（SEN）、特异度（SPE）及诊断比值比（DOR），绘制综合受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线，获得曲线下面积（AUC），并以Medcalc 19.1.1统计软件比较AUC。结果 最终纳入19篇文献、1 358例疑似输卵管因素导致不孕患者，其中4篇同时采用4D-HyCoSy及HSG评估输卵管通畅性，10篇仅以4D-HyCoSy评估，5篇仅以HSG评估。Meta分析结果显示，4D-HyCoSy评估输卵管通畅性的合并SEN、SPE及DOR分别为0.92[95%CI（0.91，0.94）]、0.91[95%CI（0.89，0.93）]及115.06[95%CI（54.23，224.10）]；HSG评估输卵管通畅性的合并SEN、SPE及DOR分别为0.84[95%CI（0.81，0.87）]、0.80[95%CI（0.76，0.83）]及28.64[95%CI（10.08，81.35）]。4D-HyCoSy评估输卵管通畅性的AUC为0.98[95%CI（0.96，0.99）]，HSG为0.93[95%CI（0.90，0.95）]，差异有统计学意义（Z=6.97，P<0.01）。结论 4D-HyCoSy评估输卵管通畅性的效能高于HSG。     

RNA sequencing screening of differentially expressed genes after spinal cord injury

In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology(RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2,which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China(approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.     

基于代谢组学探讨艾灸关元穴对老年大鼠肾能量代谢的影响＊

目的 通过UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS代谢组学探讨艾灸关元穴对老年大鼠肾代谢物的影响，进而为艾灸关元穴的作用机制提供参考。方法 将8月龄SD雄性大鼠设为成年对照组（8只），21月龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为老年对照组（8只）、老年金匮肾气丸组（7只）、老年艾灸组（8只）。老年金匮肾气丸组每日按体重给药，老年艾灸组每日艾灸关元穴15 min，均每周5天。实验持续13周后检测大鼠肾组织线粒体呼吸耗氧速率、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性以及血清肾功能指标，观察肾脏病理变化，结合UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术对大鼠的肾组织进行代谢轮廓分析，筛选代谢差异物并进行鉴定。结果 与老年对照组比较，老年艾灸组大鼠肾线粒体的呼吸耗氧速率和SDH酶的活力显著提高（P<0.01）。代谢组学结果显示，肾组织中筛选出13个共同差异化合物，分别是丁酸十二烷基酯、亚油酰胺、5-甲基四氢叶酸、PC（16∶0/22∶5（7Z，10Z，13Z，16Z，19Z））、6，8-二羟基嘌呤、1，2，3-丙烷三羧酸、3-（4-甲氧基苯基）-2-氧代丙酸、吲哚-3-乙酰甘氨酸、亚麻油酸、9，10-环氧十八烷酸、二十二碳五烯酸（22n-6）、牛磺胆酸、LysoPS （18∶0/0∶0）。结论 艾灸关元穴可通过调控老年大鼠的牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢来调节肾的能量代谢。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

知识点模块网格化模型在肾内科实习生带教中的应用

目的 运用知识点模块网格化构建带教模型，观察其在肾内科实习生中的应用效果。方法 根据《内科学》（第八版）肾内科教学大纲要求，结合肾内科病房常见病、多发病的临床特点，精心挑选相关知识点，以理论为支撑点，以服务于实习带教工作为靶目标，各个知识点之间有临床的关联性，最终形成网格化的诊治分 析模型。将血尿、蛋白尿、高血压、水肿、肾小球滤过率为切入点，设定肾病综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、糖尿病肾病和急、慢性肾功能衰竭为临床知识必须掌握点，从病史、症状、体征和实验室检查几方面来培养实习生的诊疗思维，并通过知识点来关联疾病的诊治，从而帮助他们在有限的肾内科实习期间尽可能掌握肾内科临床知识。结果 本研究开展一年以来，对于来肾内科轮转的51 名实习生进行了模块网格化模型训练，实习生普遍反映该模型有很好的学习效果，让他们了解了肾内科临床重点，并能和理论学习的知识点有机融合在一起，开阔了实习生的诊疗视野，也便于对其他科知识点的学习。结论 基于知识点模块网格化，构建模型在肾内科实习生中有很好的带教作用，学生接受肾内科知识点的记忆增强，并能进一步推广到内科其他内容的实习带教中。     

轴向载荷分担比指导外固定器动力化的临床应用

目的:探讨轴向载荷分担比用于胫腓骨骨干骨折术后指导外固定器轴向动力化促进骨折愈合的有效性。方法:选取外固定器治疗的胫腓骨骨干骨折患者100例,随机分为观察组50例,对照组50例。观察组在轴向载荷分担比指导下行外固定器轴向动力化治疗,对照组未行动力化,随访比较两组的治疗效果。结果:所有患者均获随访,随访时间4～12个月,平均6.5个月,治疗期间所有患者均未出现外固定针断裂、松动及再骨折等并发症,观察组1例骨搬移患者轴向载荷分担比5%,X线片显示骨折断端有连续性骨痂通过,拆除外固定器连接杆后发生移位,恢复原数值行轴向加压再动力化,现已愈合。观察组除外1例骨搬移患者,其余49例患者外固定器固定时间为[(24.4±4.7)周],骨折临床愈合时间为[(22.4±4.7)周],与对照组50例患者外固定器固定时间[(29.3±5.6)周],骨折临床愈合时间[(27.3±5.6)周]比较,显著减少(P0.05)。结论:外固定器轴向载荷分担比指导胫腓骨骨干骨折外固定术后轴向动力化可以加速骨折愈合,但不适合骨搬移截骨端已硬化患者。     

Using arterial spin labeling blood flow and its histogram analysis to distinguish early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma from lymphoid hyperplasia

To investigate the feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) blood flow (BF) and its histogram analysis to distinguish early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (NPLH).Sixty-three stage T1 NPC patients and benign NPLH patients underwent ASL on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging system. BF histogram parameters were derived automatically, including the mean, median, maximum, minimum, kurtosis, skewness, and variance. Absolute values were obtained for skewness and kurtosis (absolute value of skewness [AVS] and absolute value of kurtosis [AVK], respectively). The Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, and multiple logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.The mean, maximum, and variance of ASL BF values were significantly higher in early-stage NPC than in NPLH (all P < 0.0001), while the median and AVK values of early-stage NPC were also significantly higher than those of NPLH (all P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the minimum and AVS values in early-stage NPC compared with NPLH (P = 0.125 and P = 0.084, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of the maximum was significantly higher than those of the mean and median (P < 0.05). The AUC of variance was significantly higher than those of the other parameters (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that variance was the only independent predictor of outcome (P < 0.05).ASL BF and its histogram analysis could distinguish early-stage NPC from NPLH, and the variance value was a unique independent predictor.