Change in chromatogram patterns after volatilization of some aroclors, and the associated quantitation problems

PCBs with the highest vapor pressures (fewest chlorines) in Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254 and 1268 were enriched in the vapor phase relative to the original Aroclor during volatilization from a glass surface for up to 8 hr. PCBs with the lowest vapor pressures (most highly chlorinated) were enriched in the corresponding residue. Thus, visual matching of gas chromatograms with those of Aroclor standards may not be sufficient to identify a specific Aroclor since the past history of a sample is often unknown. The enrichment also was detected using isomeric classes, but not using total chlorine content. The perchlorination method and the Webb-McCall method using all chromatographic peaks agreed quantitatively; this was not always so for the NIOSH multiple peaks and the Webb-McCall methods.     

基于德尔菲法的《窦道中医诊疗指南》问卷调查与结果分析

目的:制订窦道中医诊疗指南。方法:在文献调研的基础上,编制《窦道中医诊疗指南》专家调查问卷,采用德尔菲(Delphi)法,对35名专家进行两轮问卷调查,并对问卷结果进行统计分析。结果:两轮问卷专家积极系数(回收率)分别为94.59%、100%;窦道证型指标中,余毒未清证、气血两虚证的均数、满分比高,变异系数小;辅助检查的指标中疮面窦道探查、B超检查、窦道CT造影+三维重建的均数、满分比高,变异系数小;外治法的指标中药线引流法、滴灌法、窦道切除缝合术、纱条引流法四种外治法的专家集中程度和协调程度较高。结论:运用德尔菲法评价和筛选窦道中医诊疗指南的指标框架,使专家对于窦道的诊治意见逐渐达成共识,为建立临床实用、科学的窦道中医诊疗指南奠定基础。     

糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化摘除和人工晶体植入

目的：分析糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化摘除和人工晶体植入的效果及并发症。 方法对９７例（１２７眼）患有糖尿病的白内障术后患者的视力及并发症进行分析，并选取同年龄段、同性别、同时期、同一手术医生施行的非糖尿病白内障患者做对照。手术采用小切口隧道式超声乳化及爱袋内人工晶体植入法。随访期为３ｍｏ。 结果９７例患糖尿病的白内障术后病人视力达 ０． ５ 及以上 ８５． ８２％，达 ０． ３及以上 ８８． ９８％。术后常见并发症为角膜水肿、晶体前沉积物、晶体前膜和后囊混浊。未合并有眼底病变或合并单纯性糖尿病视网膜病变的糖尿病患者白内障与非糖尿病白内障术后视力及术中、术后并发症比较均无显著性差异。 结论糖尿病患者白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后，大部分视力改善满意，术后并发症少。影响术后视力的主要原因是糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑病变。     

Cryptoporus volvatus polysaccharides attenuate LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory factors via the TLR2 signaling pathway in human alveolar epithelial cells

Context: Cryptoporus volvatus (Peck) Hubb grows wild in China, and its fruiting bodies have been used traditionally to treat asthma and bronchitis.

Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of Cryptoporus polysaccharides (CP) extracted from fruiting bodies of C. volvatus on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory factors and the signaling pathways involved in human alveolar epithelial cells.

Materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of CP on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors, A549 cells were pre-incubated with CP 1, 10, and 100?μg/ml for 1?h and then stimulated with LPS 10?μg/ml for 24?h. The expression of pro-inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB p65 were measured by q-PCR, ELISA, and western blotting.

Results: CP decreased LPS-induced mRNA expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β (IC₅₀?=?83.3, 85.2, and 91.6?μg/ml, respectively) and their correspondent protein expression (IC₅₀?=?88.6, 76.4, and 81.6?μg/ml, respectively). Investigation of potential mechanisms indicated that CP 100?μg/ml reduced LPS-induced expression of TLR2 mRNA (66.9%, p?<?0.01) and protein (63.2%, p?<?0.01) that was a result of the decreased pro-inflammatory factors. LPS induction increased the expression of TLR2 and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, NF-kB p65 concomitantly. CP 100?μg/ml inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the signaling proteins (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions: This suggests that CP pretreatment down-regulates LPS-mediated inflammation in lung epithelial cells. This study further confirmed that CP is a potential anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases.     

二乙烯三胺多齿配体的合成及DNA的切割活性

为了得到具有核酸切割功能的人工核酸酶, 设计合成了二乙烯三胺单齿、双齿、四齿配体, 目标化合物的结构经红外、核磁氢谱、碳谱和电喷雾质谱确认。在磷酸氢钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液中对质粒DNA切割活性的初步实验结果表明: 在多齿配体的锌 (II) 配合物存在下, 37 ℃保温48 h后, 质粒DNA由Form I断裂为Form II, 即合成的目标化合物有明显的切割活性。通过T4连接酶实验证明了目标化合物对DNA的切割为水解切割机制。     

A step-by-step approach to study the influence of N-acetylation on the adjuvanticity of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) in an intranasal nanoparticulate influenza virus vaccine

Recently we reported that reacetylation of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) reduced the adjuvant effect of TMC in mice after intranasal (i.n.) administration of whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccine. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of this lack of adjuvanticity. Reacetylated TMC (TMC-RA, degree of acetylation 54%) was compared with TMC (degree of acetylation 17%) at six potentially critical steps in the induction of an immune response after i.n. administration in mice. TMC-RA was degraded in a nasal wash to a slightly larger extent than TMC. The local i.n. distribution and nasal clearance of WIV were similar for both TMC types. Fluorescently labeled WIV was taken up more efficiently by Calu-3 cells when formulated with TMC-RA compared to TMC and both TMCs significantly reduced transport of WIV over a Calu-3 monolayer. Murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cell activation was similar for plain WIV, and WIV formulated with TMC-RA or TMC. The inferior adjuvant effect in mice of TMC-RA over that of TMC might be caused by a slightly lower stability of TMC-RA-WIV in the nasal cavity, rather than by any of the other factors studied in this paper.     

苏州市社区居民对儿童精神卫生知识知晓率调查

目的:了解苏州社区居民对儿童精神卫生知识的知晓程度,提高抚养人对儿童心理卫生知识的认识。方法:采用问卷调查,内容含心理卫生一般常识,儿童心理卫生专业知识,心理卫生知识来源与途径。结果:社区居民对儿童心理卫生知识基本知晓率为3.4%,部分知晓率为86.4%,较少知晓率10.2%。结论:苏州市社区居民对心理卫生一般常识有所知晓,居民对儿童心理卫生常识也有一定知晓。主要通过收看电视获取心理健康知识,街道和社区开展心理健康咨询和讲座不足。     

叔丁基对苯二酚上调Nrf2调控的基因表达并减轻环磷酰胺导致的小鼠血液毒性

血液毒性（或称骨髓抑制）是癌症化疗最常见的剂量限制毒副作用,而转录因子Nrf2控制着包括骨髓在内的许多组织对化学刺激的敏感性。本文研究了叔丁基对苯二酚（tBHQ）对小鼠外周血细胞中Nrf2调控的基因表达和环磷酰胺（CTX）导致的血液毒性的影响。CTX处理导致了小鼠外周血有核细胞的凋亡和白细胞减少,伴随着骨髓造血细胞的动员。tBHQ处理则可以在体外和体内激活RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞和外周血细胞中Nrf2信号和下游基因如血红素氧化酶1和谷胺酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基等的表达同时,tBHQ预处理可以减轻CTX导致的小鼠外周血有核细胞的凋亡和白细胞减少,说明Nrf2可能在减轻CTX血液毒性中发挥作用。本文的研究有助于加深对化疗所致血液毒性的了解,并提示Nrf2可能作为减轻化疗毒副作用的化疗保护剂的药物靶标。     

Territorywide Study of Early Coronavirus Disease Outbreak,Hong Kong,China

Initial cases of coronavirus disease in Hong Kong were imported from mainland China. A dramatic increase in case numbers was seen in February 2020. Most case-patients had no recent travel history, suggesting the presence of transmission chains in the local community. We collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data from 50 patients, who accounted for 53.8% of total reported case-patients as of February 28, 2020. We performed whole-genome sequencing to determine phylogenetic relationship and transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. By using phylogenetic analysis, we attributed the community outbreak to 2 lineages; 1 harbored a common mutation, Orf3a-G251V, and accounted for 88.0% of the cases in our study. The estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of local coronavirus disease outbreak was December 24, 2019, with an evolutionary rate of 3.04 × 10⁻³ substitutions/site/year. The reproduction number was 1.84, indicating ongoing community spread.     

Two new cytotoxic cardenolides from the latex of Antiaris toxicaria

Two new cardenolides, toxicarioside F (1) and toxicarioside G (2), were isolated from the latex of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch (Moraceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity against K562, SGC-7901, SMMC-7721, and HeLa cell lines in vitro by the MTT method.