超声微血管成像技术的研究进展

超声微血管成像技术是在多普勒血流成像基础上发展起来的新型多普勒成像模式,对微细血管结构及深部血管的显示存在极大的优势。研究显示,超声微血管成像技术在乳腺、甲状腺、肝脏、颈动脉斑块、肌骨、肾脏以及淋巴结疾病中有较好的应用,在疾病活动分级及监测治疗反应中也显示出特殊的应用价值。本文将从以下三个方面对超声微血管成像技术展开综述：超声微血管成像技术的原理、超声微血管成像技术的临床应用以及超声微血管成像技术的现状和展望。     

Effect of Agroecosystems on Seroprevalence of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Birds,La Pampa,Argentina, 2017–2019

In Argentina, the Pampa ecoregion has been almost completely transformed into agroecosystems. To evaluate the environmental (agricultural area, tree coverage, distance to the nearest water body and urban site) and biological (dove, cowbird, and sparrow abundance) effects on free-ranging bird exposure to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), we used generalized linear mixed models. For 1,019 birds sampled during 2017–2019, neutralizing antibodies were found against SLEV in samples from 60 (5.8%) birds and against WNV for 21 (2.1%). The best variable for explaining SLEV seroprevalence was agricultural area, which had a positive effect; however, for WNV, no model was conclusive. Our results suggest that agroecosystems in the La Pampa ecoregion increase the exposure of avian hosts to SLEV, thus potentially increasing virus activity.     

膀胱炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤2例CT影像报告并文献复习

目的 探讨膀胱炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(IMTB)的临床特点及CT影像学特征,加强认识以提高诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析2例IMTB患者的临床与影像资料,并结合文献进行探讨.结果 IMTB患者年龄偏小,以无痛性肉眼血尿和排尿困难为最常见症状,好发于顶壁、前壁及侧壁,增强呈"快进慢出"强化征象,无盆腔其它脏器或淋巴结转移.结论 ...     

唐以前山茱萸应用探析

通过梳理现存唐以前医书中应用山茱萸的方剂,结合历代本草文献对山茱萸的记载,分析唐以前医家应用山茱萸治疗疾病的特点,为现代临床应用山茱萸提供理论指导.山茱萸用治风邪,取补肝体、温肝阳之用;补诸虚,取其酸涩敛固、助壬癸蛰藏之功;治脚气,取其温中养血、逐寒湿痹之能;治耳聋,取其秘精气、通九窍之力;治其他病证,各取滋肾养阴、敛...     

Can Botulinum Toxin-A Contribute to Reconstructing the Physiological Homeostasis of the Masticatory Complex in Short-Faced Patients during Occlusal Therapy? A Prospective Pilot Study

The physiological homeostasis of the masticatory complex in short-faced patients is too robust to be disintegrated and reconstructed due to the powerful masseter muscle. This study innovatively introduced the botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) into the field of dental occlusal treatment, providing a novel and minimally invasive therapy perspective for the two major clinical problems in these patients (low treatment efficiency and high rates of complications). In total, 10 adult patients with skeletal low angle seeking occlusal treatment (age: 27.0 ± 6.1 years; 4 males and 6 females) were administered 30–50 U of BTX-A in each masseter muscle and evaluated before and 3 months after injection based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We found a significant reduction in the thickness of the masseter muscle (MMT) (p < 0.0001). With regards to occlusion, we found a significant increase in the height of the maxillary second molar (U7-PP) (p < 0.05) with significantly flattened occlusal curves (the curve of Spee [COS] (p < 0.01), and the curve of Wilson [COW] (p < 0.05)). Furthermore, the variations in the temporomandibular joint exhibited a significant reduction in the anterior joint space (AJS) (p < 0.05) and superior joint space (SJS) (p < 0.05). In addition, the correlation analysis of the masticatory complex provided the basis for the following multiple regression equation: MMT = 10.08 − 0.11 COW + 2.73 AJS. The findings from our pilot study indicate that BTX-A, as a new adjuvant treatment attempt of occlusal therapy for short-faced patients, can provide a more favorable muscular environment for subsequent occlusal therapy through the adjustment of the biting force and may contribute to the reconstruction of healthier homeostasis of the masticatory complex. However, further research is required to establish the reliability and validity of these findings.     

Comparative Study on the Generation and Characteristics of Debris Induced by Fretting and Sliding

Objectives: The aim of the present work was to comparatively investigate the generation and characteristics of fretting and sliding wear debris produced by CuNiAl against 42CrMo4. Methods: Tribological tests were conducted employing a self-developed tribometer. Most experimental conditions were set the same except for the amplitudes and number of cycles. Morphological, chemical, microstructural and dimensional features of the worn area and debris were investigated using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and a laser particle sizer. Outcomes: Not only wear scar profiles but also the wear debris color, distribution and generated amount under fretting and sliding wear modes were quite different, which can be attributed to the significant difference in wear mechanisms. Particle size analysis indicates that the fretting debris has a smaller size distribution range; the biggest detected fretting and sliding wear debris sizes were 141 μm and 355 μm, respectively. Both fretting and sliding debris are mainly composed of copper and its oxides, but the former shows a higher oxidation degree.     

刺梨提取物抗肿瘤机制的研究

目的观察刺梨提取物（CL）的抗肿瘤作用并探讨其机制。方法采用艾氏腹水癌（EAC）小鼠模型观察CL的体内抗肿瘤作用。应用MTT法和绘制生长曲线了解CL的体外抗人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞作用。测定硝基四氮唑蓝还原能力、细胞培养上清液中甲胎蛋白含量,了解CL对肿瘤细胞的诱导分化作用。采用AO/EB荧光染色法、流式细胞仪检测法,分析CL对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。运用流式细胞仪检测CL对肿瘤细胞增殖周期的影响。结果CL能使EAC小鼠寿命延长、胸腺指数和脾指数明显增大。CL对SMMC-7721细胞的抑制作用呈剂量和时间依赖性,CL处理后的细胞生长曲线随着CL剂量的增加而逐渐下移。CL对SMMC-7721细胞的分化和凋亡具有一定的诱导作用,并使SMMC-7721细胞增殖阻止在G0/G1期。结论CL提高机体免疫功能可能是其体内抗肿瘤的机制之一;CL的体外抗SMMC-7721细胞机制与CL的细胞毒作用、诱导细胞分化、促肿瘤细胞凋亡和抑制细胞增殖有关。     

完全性房室隔缺损的手术治疗(附36例报告)

目的探讨完全性房室隔缺损的治疗方法。方法在中度低温体外循环下采用双补片法修复36例完全性房室隔缺损。结果手术死亡2例,余患者术后均恢复为窦性心律,无完全性房室传导阻滞。复查心脏彩超二尖瓣轻度反流8例,中度反流2例。结论完全性房室隔缺损应尽早手术。双补片法效果较好。术中应注意预防左室流出道狭窄和矫治二尖瓣关闭不全。     

上海市某农村社区糖尿病和血糖异常者筛检

嘉定区外冈镇位于上海市郊的西北郊区,北临江苏省太仓市,西与昆山市接壤,常住人口31777人。为了进一步规范我镇糖尿病的防治工作,2006年3—9月,外冈镇社区卫生服务中心对全镇常住人口中60岁以上的老人进行了餐后血糖普查,对35—59岁的高危人群进行了空腹血糖普查,并对确诊的糖尿病患者和血糖异常者常见合并疾病进行了筛查,现将结果分析如下。     

选择性头部降温对胎羊缺血性脑损伤纹状体神经元凋亡和星形胶质细胞增殖的影响

目的研究选择性头部降温对缺血性脑损伤胎羊纹状体神经元凋亡和星形胶质细胞增殖的影响。方法胎羊于妊娠117~124d时通过双侧颈动脉阻塞30min造成双侧脑缺血损伤,损伤后将胎羊随机分为:损伤组(n=10)、2h低温组(损伤后2h开始亚低温治疗,n=7)和6h低温组(损伤后6h开始亚低温治疗,n=8),另设正常对照组(n=5)。通过冷循环水进行选择性头部降温,取脑组织用免疫组化法检测胎羊纹状体caspase-3(半胱天冬氨酸酶-3),GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)和PCNA(增殖细胞核抗原)的表达。结果①纹状体神经元凋亡:正常对照组中,caspase-3表达极少(11.00±13.77),损伤组caspase-3免疫阳性细胞为177.70±48.69,明显增加(P=0.000),损伤后2h治疗组(54.14±39.44,P=0.000)和损伤后6h治疗组(122.43±52.36,P=0.017)均能减少caspase-3免疫阳性细胞。②纹状体星形胶质细胞增殖:与正常对照组(163.40±21.98)相比,缺血性脑损伤组的GFAP免疫阳性细胞明显增多(433.25±66.69,P=0.000),损伤后2h开始亚低温治疗(219.50±35.31,P=0.000)和损伤后6h开始亚低温治疗(272.50±86.20,P=0.000)均能减少GFAP免疫阳性细胞。③纹状体PCNA阳性细胞的表达:在正常对照组中,PCNA免疫阳性细胞较少,为153.40±12.46,缺血性脑损伤组的PCNA免疫阳性细胞明显增多(353.70±45.60,P=0.000),损伤后2h开始亚低温治疗(187.14±26.26,P=0.000)和损伤后6h开始亚低温治疗(230.25±67.46,P=0.000)均能减少PCNA免疫阳性细胞。结论亚低温可以抑制纹状体神经元的凋亡和星形胶质细胞的增殖,该作用可能为选择性头部降温的脑保护作用机制之一。