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11.
浅谈基因治疗的现状及其面临的困境   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基因治疗将在未来的疾病治疗中扮演重要的角色,然而这一新颖的技术却面临着诸多问题,本文论述了基因治疗的发展现状及其所面临的技术难题。  相似文献   
12.
左双腔支气管导管管端位置与吸气峰压变化的关系   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10  
目的 观测无隆突钩双腔支气管导管(DLT)管端位置与吸气峰压(Ppeak)以及肺顺应性环形状改变的关系,探讨用Ppeak和顺应性环的变化评估DLT管端位置的可行性。方法 拟行右侧剖胸手术的成年患者32例,静脉诱导后插入左Mallinckrodt DLT,吸入氧化亚氮和地氟醚维持麻醉。按纤维支气管镜(FOB)确认DLT管端位置和通气方式将观测过程分为四个阶段:第一阶段(S1),管端位置正确的双肺通气;第二阶段(S2),管端位置正确的左侧单肺通气;第三阶段(S3),管端插入左下支气管(置管过深)的左侧单肺通气;第四阶段(S。),管端处在左支气管开口(置管偏浅)的左侧单肺通气。每阶段均机械通气15min。结果 回归方程预计插管深度与FOB检查符合者占71.9%。S2时Ppeak值比S1时增加50.8%,肺顺应性(Cdyn)值减少36.2%;S3时Ppeak值比S1时增加87.4%,Cdyn值减少56.8%。PV环曲线斜率向右明显移位,环体显著延长。结论 用无隆突钩DLT行肺隔离,在无FOB定位的条件时,联合应用听诊法、回归方程预计插管深度、动态监测气道峰压和P-V环的变化综合评估,可提高DLT管端的正确到位率。单肺通气的气道峰压超过双肺通气时的1.65倍,且气道峰压超过25cm H2O.应高度怀疑DLT管端发生过深移位。  相似文献   
13.
目的探讨术中应用前列腺素E1(prostaglandin E1,PGE1)对大鼠肝移植肾功能的保护作用。方法大鼠原位肝移植术中经颈内静脉灌注PGE1为治疗组,生理盐水和空白为对照组,观察术后1周存活率、1h的尿量,测定血浆肌酐、尿素氮和肾组织中丙二醛(malondjaldehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量,肾组织病理检查。结果PGE1治疗组术后1h尿量较对照组明显增加,肌酐和尿素氮水平均较对照组降低,PGE1治疗组肾组织中GSH含量显著高于两对照组,MDA含量低于两对照组。病理检查PGE1治疗组肾脏组织形态学损伤明显减轻。结论术中应用PGE1能显著改善大鼠肝移植后的肾功能,其机制可能与对抗氧自由基损伤作用有关。  相似文献   
14.
T lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of chronic inflammatory responses in patients with asthma. CD69 is an early marker of T‐cell activation. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54) and L ‐selectin have been reported to increase in patients with allergic diseases and asthma. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the expression of CD69, CD54, and L ‐selectin by T lymphocytes of children with asthma, before and after immunotherapy. Eighteen children newly diagnosed with asthma, 11 good and nine poor responders to immunotherapy, and 16 normal subjects, were enrolled in this study. The percentages of CD69+, CD54+, and CD62L+ cells in T lymphocytes were measured by using flow cytometry. The levels of CD69, CD54, and CD62L in serum and culture supernatants were determined by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of CD69 and CD54 on CD3+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in children with asthma than in control patients. All the patient groups expressed (spontaneously and following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin together with mite‐extract proteins) greater amounts of CD69 and CD54 than did control subjects. With long‐term immunotherapy, the percentages of CD69+ and CD54+ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with a good response to immunotherapy. Our results also showed significantly lower serum L ‐selectin levels following immunotherapy. In conclusion, successful immunotherapy resulted in decreased expression and production of CD69 and CD54. These results may explain, in part, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy.  相似文献   
15.
16.
Destabilization of lens protein conformation by glutathione mixed disulfide   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mixed disulfide between lens crystallin and glutathione has been observed in human cataracts and could be formed in vitro by thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. The glutathionyl crystallins have been reported to become partially unfolded. The present paper reports the conformational destabilization by the mixed disulfide formation in calf alpha- and gamma-II crystallin. The conformational stability was studied by the denaturants urea and guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl), and by proteolytic degradation. The denaturation curves of both urea and Gdn-HCl shift to lower denaturant concentration for crystallins of glutathione mixed disulfide. The decrease in conformational stability is estimated to be 0.22- and 0.92 kcal mol-1 for modified alpha- and gamma-II crystallin, respectively. Proteolytic digestion also shows a faster rate of degradation for the modified crystallins. These results indicate that mixed disulfide destabilizes the crystallin conformation. The destabilization may make crystallins more susceptible to changes as observed in aging lenses.  相似文献   
17.
本文对从事京剧打击乐的55人(110耳)进行了听力调查及动态观察。利用图表进行对比分析,发现110耳中高频听力损伤89耳,占81%;语频听力损伤32耳,占29.1%;其中伴有高频耳鸣78耳,占70.9%。动态观察30人(60耳),均为永久性听阈阈移。高频听力损伤最早出现的频率是4kHz,并见典型“V”谷,符合噪声性聋的诊断。  相似文献   
18.
The Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials were designed to evaluate the effects of enalapril on long-term mortality in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Patients with LV ejection fractions less than or equal to 0.35 and symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) were enrolled in the treatment trial, whereas those with no history of overt CHF and taking no treatment directed for LV dysfunction were enrolled in the prevention trial. The baseline clinical characteristics of SOLVD patients were compared to characterize differences between patients in these 2 separate but concurrent trials. From over 70,000 patients screened with LV dysfunction, 4,228 patients were enrolled in the prevention trial and 2,569 patients in the treatment trial. Ischemic heart disease was the primary cause of LV dysfunction in both prevention (83%) and treatment (71%) trial patients. Prior myocardial infarction was present in 80% of the prevention and 66% of the treatment trial patients (p less than 0.001). In the prevention trial, infarction was recent (less than or equal to 6 months) in 27% patients and remote (greater than 6 months) in 57% patients. Treatment trial patients had proportionately more women (20 vs 13%; p less than 0.001) and non-Caucasians (20 vs 14%; p less than 0.001), as well as the coexisting risk factors of hypertension (42 vs 37%; p less than 0.001) and diabetes (26 vs 15%; p less than 0.001) than did prevention trial patients. Clinical characteristics of patients in both trials were influenced by the gender and race of enrolled patients. Similarly, coronary artery bypass surgery was performed less often in women and non-Caucasians.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   
19.
腮腺外面神经颊支的应用解剖研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的:观测面神经颊支出腮腺后的各级分支,为相关外科手术提供解剖学依据。方法:10例(20侧)防腐人头标本,描述面神经颊支出腮腺后的走行、定位及层次。结果:面神经颊支出腮腺后分为2~4支,均走行在SMAS筋膜下;颊Ⅰ、颊Ⅱ恒定出现,其一级分支距腮腺导管分别为(1.1±0.5)cm及(0.5±0.3)cm,且分别向前走行(1.3±0.9)cm及(1.8±0.5)cm后发出二级分支。结论:面神经颊支较为恒定,在面瘫治疗中健侧面神经颊支的二级分支可以作为受体神经,可不损伤面神经颊支主干。面神经颊支的分布及走行也可指导除皱术、扩张器植入、瘢痕切除等手术的剥离范围,不致产生并发症。  相似文献   
20.
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