Synthesis and bacterial mutagenicity of the cyclopenta oxides of the four cyclopenta-fused of isomers of benzanthracene

Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing peripherallyfused cyclopenta rings are believed to be activated primarilyby epoxidation of the cyclopenta ring. The cyclopenta epoxidesof a series of four cyclopenta benzanthracene derivatives, benz[e]aceanthrylene-5,6-oxide,benz[j]ace-anthrylene-1,2-oxide, benz(l)anthrylene-1,2-oxideand benz[k]acephenaceanthrylene-4,5-oxide were synthesized fromtheir parent hydrocarbons by formation of the bromohydrin followedby dehydrobromination, and characterized by u.v. – vis,and ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The mutagenicityof these compounds was investigated in the Ames plate incorporationassay with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. All the oxideswere active without exogenous metabolic activation (170–320His⁺ revertants per nanomole) and also toxic above 0.5 µg/plate.Addition of S9 protein did not increase, and generally decreased,the mutagenicity of the oxides, while toxicity was largely unchanged.These results are consistent with the postulated role of cyclopentaoxides as major contributors to the mutagenicity of the parentcompounds in the Ames assay.     

Stellenwert der Second-look-Laparotomie im Behandlungsschema des progredienten Ovarialkarzinoms

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

骨肉瘤成骨细胞表型与临床因素的相关性研究

目的采集手术切除未经培养的骨肉瘤标本,研究肿瘤中成骨细胞的分化及其与临床因素的关系。方法观察骨肉瘤中成骨细胞相关基因表达的频率、特异性,以及骨肉瘤成骨细胞表型与生物学行为的关系。应用RT-PCR方法研究48例骨肉瘤标本的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(OC)和骨桥蛋白(ON)的mRNA转录。磷酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)被用于内参照。结果在大多数骨肉瘤标本中可以发现ALP或OC的mRNA转录(分别为93.75%,79.17%)。在所有的肉瘤检测中均可发现ON的mRNA转录。在骨肉瘤的成骨细胞亚型中可见到ALP和OC的高水平表达。肺转移瘤OC的mRNA表达弱于原发灶。肿瘤细胞有高水平OC表达的病例组有较高的生存率(P=0.045)。结论OC是目前最好的成骨细胞特异性标记物,将来可能用于检测骨肉瘤患者外周血中循环的肿瘤细胞。     

The effect of optical design on micromanipulator spot size using CO2 laser irradiation

Objective: The study goal was to compare the laser spot size created using reflective and refractive micromanipulators with a CO₂ laser and to determine the sensitivity of spot size to laser power. Study Design and Setting: A CO₂ laser and operating microscope (400-mm focal length) was coupled to either a reflective (Cassegrain-like) or refractive micromanipulator. Laser spot size was determined by measuring the region of ablation created by laser irradiation of wood (dry tongue depressors), exposed photographic film, and agar gel using optical micrometry. Laser power varied from 0.5 to 20 W with pulse durations of 0.1 and 0.5 second. Results: The reflective micromanipulator demonstrated overall smaller spot sizes for a given laser power and lower incremental change in spot size with increasing power. The reflective design demonstrated less sensitivity to increases in laser power. Conclusions: Micromanipulator optical design can result in significant differences in laser spot size. The reflective device used in this study demonstrated less sensitivity to increasing laser power. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:593-597.)     

Ventricular septal fistula formation due to infectious endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient with aortic valve replacement

We report a case of infectious endocarditis in a 77-year-old woman who was undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy, and who was also having a prosthetic aortic valve replacement. The disease resulted from a local skin infection at the needle puncture site of the arteriovenous fistula. Ampicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the causal organism. Surgical treatment could not be performed because of associated intracranial hemorrhage due to septic embolism. In spite of intensive treatment with several antibiotics, a ventricular septal abscess just beneath the prosthetic aortic valve progressed to form a ventricular septal fistula. The resultant intracardiac left-to-right shunt led to refractory congestive heart failure. The patient finally died of heart failure. The formation of a ventricular septal fistula is considered to be a rare and extraordinary complication of infectious endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient with aortic valve replacement. Received: July 25, 2001 / Accepted: November 3, 2001