Morphological and functional abnormalities of salience network in the early-stage of paranoid schizophrenia

A salience network (SN), mainly composed of the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has been suggested to play an important role in salience attribution which has been proposed as central to the pathology of paranoid schizophrenia. The role of this SN in the pathophysiology of paranoid schizophrenia, however, still remains unclear. In the present study, voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analyses were combined to identify morphological and functional abnormalities in the proposed SN in the early-stage of paranoid schizophrenia (ESPS). Voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analyses were applied to 90 ESPS patients and 90 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between various clinical variables and both gray matter morphology and functional connectivity within the SN in ESPS. Compared to the HC group, the ESPS group showed significantly reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in both bilateral AI and ACC. Moreover, significantly reduced functional connectivity within the SN sub-networks was identified in the ESPS group. These convergent morphological and functional deficits in SN were significantly associated with hallucinations. Additionally, illness duration correlated with reduced GMV in the left AI in ESPS. In conclusion, these findings provide convergent evidence for the morphological and functional abnormalities of the SN in ESPS. Moreover, the association of illness duration with the reduced GMV in the left AI suggests that the SN and the AI, in particular, may manifest progressive morphological changes that are especially important in the emergence of ESPS.     

趋化因子受体7基因绿色荧光慢病毒载体构建及在未成熟树突状细胞中的表达

背景:趋化因子受体7(chemokine receptor-7,CCR7)是树突状细胞从外周迁移至淋巴系统发挥作用的最重要的启动和调节者,但未成熟树突状细胞表面不表达CCR7,因此利用携带CCR7基因的未成熟树突状细胞可以更好地诱导免疫耐受。目的:构建携带小鼠CCR7基因的绿色荧光蛋白重组慢病毒载体,观察其在未成熟树突状细胞中的表达。方法:采用RT-PCR扩增小鼠CCR7基因并克隆至pCR-Blunt载体。将CCR7DNA片段及IRES-GFP连入慢病毒转移质粒LV-Lac,生成重组慢病毒质粒LV-CCR7。采用脂质体转染法将慢病毒系统3质粒(重组慢病毒质粒LV-CCR7、包装质粒ΔNRF及包膜质粒pVSVG)共转染包装慢病毒,重组慢病毒感染未成熟树突状细胞,光学显微镜观察细胞状态,流式细胞术鉴定CCR7蛋白的表达。结果与结论:实验成功扩增出小鼠CCR7DNA片段并克隆至pCR-Blunt载体,亚克隆构建慢病毒表达载体LV-CCR7,经3质粒包装系统感染293FT细胞后,24h于荧光显微镜下均观察到绿色荧光蛋白阳性表达,病毒滴度为108U/L以上,获得携带CCR7基因的重组慢病毒。慢病毒颗粒可有效感染未成熟树突状细胞,荧光显微镜可见大量GFP蛋白表达,阳性细胞达50%,流式细胞术检测到CCR7蛋白表达,LV-CCR7基因修饰的未成熟树突状细胞仍保持在未成熟状态。结果证实,实验成功构建携带小鼠CCR7基因绿色荧光慢病毒载体LV-CCR7,并可在未成熟树突状细胞细胞中表达。     

实验性牙髓炎模型兔的构建

背景:以往牙髓炎动物模型的建立大多应用内毒素,不能完全反映临床牙髓炎的形成过程。目的:观察应用变形链球菌诱导兔牙牙髓炎模型不同时间炎症特征。方法:选用20只健康新西兰大白兔,随机将下颌前牙分为实验组和对照组;在兔两颗下颌前牙舌面钻孔,对照组一颗置入生理盐水,实验组另一颗置入变形链球菌,术后1,3,5,7d各处死兔5只;观察牙髓炎炎症转归。结果与结论:实验组术后1d炎症反应较轻,经过3,5,7d牙髓炎症反应逐渐加重,牙髓血管充血、渗出严重,牙髓组织出现坏死。对照组牙髓炎症随着时间的推移,血管扩张逐渐加重,偶有牙髓组织坏死。结果表明,应用变形链球菌诱导牙髓炎症形成过程更符合牙髓炎病理学特征。     

15d-PGJ2对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨15-脱氧前列腺素J2(15 d-PGJ2)对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠的保护作用.方法 将50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)和模型组,分别给予普通饲料和高脂饲料喂养,12周末制成NAFLD大鼠模型;再将模型组随机分为4组:15 d-PGJ2低剂量治疗组(LT组),15 d-PGJ2高剂量治疗组(HT组),模型对照组(MC组),饮食疗法组(DT组).治疗2周后处死大鼠,观察各组大鼠的肝组织病理变化,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、空腹血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的水平.结果 与MC组大鼠相比,LT组、HT组及DT组大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、GLU、TG、TC的水平降低,肝细胞脂肪变性及炎症浸润均有减轻,其中以LT组改变最明显(P<0.05).结论 适量的15d-PGJ2对NAFLD大鼠有明显的保护作用,可以改善大鼠的NAFLD.     

抗反流黏膜切除术治疗胃食管反流病的临床疗效观察

目的 评价抗反流黏膜切除术治疗胃食管反流病的临床有效性和安全性。 方法 2015年12月至2018年7月,郑州大学第一附属医院消化内科行抗反流黏膜切除术的18例胃食管反流病病例资料纳入回顾性研究,统计治疗效果（治疗后烧心及反流症状改善情况、24 h食管pH监测结果等）以及并发症发生情况。 结果 18例均成功进行了抗反流黏膜切除术,操作成功率为100%,其中8例行ESD、10例行EMR。24 h食管pH监测结果显示,治疗后Demeester评分、pH＜4时间百分比、总反流事件、pH＜4时间长于5 min的反流次数较术前均明显降低[（20.16±9.12）分比（74.16±20.03）分、（2.70±0.88）%比（6.42±1.37）%、（43.78±19.68）次比（156.56±41.22）次、（2.89±1.68）次比（9.89±2.95）次,P均＜0.05]。无术后出血、穿孔、感染病例。随访3～34个月,烧心及反流症状改善总有效率为89%（16/18）。胃镜随访显示18例贲门均较前缩紧,收缩良好;16例反流性食管炎较前明显好转,黏膜糜烂愈合。 结论 抗反流黏膜切除术治疗胃食管反流病安全有效,且简单易行。     

Laparoscopic vs open herniorrhaphy in the management of pediatric inguinal hernia: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy (LH) has been evolved as a minimally invasive technique for pediatric inguinal hernias (PIHs). Considerable debate exists regarding the benefits of LH over conventional open herniorrhaphy (OH). The aim of this review was to critique the current literature to determine the efficacy of LH.

Methods

Published studies until July 30, 2010, were searched from Medline, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational clinical studies (OCSs) with a comparison of LH and OH were included. A systemic review and meta-analysis were performed using the odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous variables and weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous variables.

Results

Of 138 studies, 3 RCTs and 4 OCSs were eligible for inclusion criteria, comprising 1543 cases of LH and 657 cases of OH. Compared with OH, shorter operative time for bilateral hernias (WMD = −11.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], −20.61 to −1.68; P = .02) and lower rate of metachronic contralateral hernia (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.76; P = .01) were noted in LH. However, no significant difference was observed between LH and OH in patients' age, sex, affected side, operative time for unilateral hernias, duration of hospital stay, time to resume full activity, recurrence, and complications.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is superior to OH in the repair of bilateral PIH and lower rate of metachronic contralateral hernia, with similar operative time for unilateral hernias, length of hospital stay, recurrence, and complication rates. Because of the publishing bias, a series of RCTs with standard report format and uniform unit are necessary to explore the efficiencies of LH in the management of PIH.     

Characterization of toxin genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Louisiana retail meats

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of food poisoning worldwide due to the production of heat-stable enterotoxins. Recently, the isolation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from food animals and retail meats raised additional food safety concerns. In this study, we characterized 152 S. aureus isolates, including 22 MRSA recovered from Louisiana retail pork and beef meats, for the prevalence of nine enterotoxin and four other exotoxin genes by polymerase chain reaction and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution. Overall, 85% of S. aureus isolates were positive for at least one of six enterotoxin genes identified and 66% harbored two to four enterotoxin genes. The two most predominant ones were seg and sei (66% each), followed by seh (20%), sed (15%), sej (13%), and sea (1%). No isolates harbored enterotoxin genes seb, sec, or see, the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene tst, or the exfoliative toxin genes eta or etb. Three MRSA isolates were the only ones harboring Panton-Valentine leucocidin. Resistances were common to penicillin (71%), ampicillin (68%), and tetracycline (67%), followed by erythromycin (30%), clindamycin (18%), oxacillin with 2% NaCl (14%), ciprofloxacin (13%), levofloxacin (13%), gentamicin (3%), quinupristin/dapfopristin (3%), chloramphenicol (2%), and moxifloxacin (1%). Multidrug resistance was commonly observed among MRSA isolates and S. aureus isolates from pork. This study demonstrated that S. aureus isolates found in Louisiana retail pork and beef meats possessed various enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Therefore, vigilant food safety practice needs to be implemented for people who handle raw meat products to prevent foodborne infections and intoxications due to S. aureus contamination.     

不同学科大学生心理健康状况调查

目的 了解武汉市不同学科大学生的心理健康状况,探讨影响大学生健康的潜在因素,为进一步的干预措施提供科学依据.方法 依据SCL-90量表,采用自制简易调查问卷随机对武汉市高校777人进行问卷调查分析.结果 对是否出现经常性遗忘、情绪控制、心情自调等进行了调查和比较,被调查学生各种症状阳性出现率在33.3%～51.0%,医...