How do the Growth and Metabolic Activity of Aquatic fungi Geotrichum Candidum and Aspergillus Niger Respond to Nanoplastics?

In this study, exposure experiments were conducted to assess the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS) and amine-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (APS) at environmental concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg L^??1) on two fungal species (Geotrichum candidum and Aspergillus niger), isolated from leaf litter in streams, concerning their growth and metabolic activity. Results showed that PS at 1 and 10 µg L^??1 have hormesis effects on G. candidum growth. Compared with G. candidum, A. niger had higher sensitivity to nanoplastic exposure. Besides, the peroxidase and cellobiohydrolase activities of A. niger were significantly inhibited by nanoplastics (except 1 µg L^??1 PS), which would weaken its metabolic activity in carbon cycling. These results provided a new thought on how the growth and functions of aquatic fungi cope with the stress induced by nanoplastics. Overall, the study provided evidence for the different responses of aquatic fungi to nanoplastics in streams.

     

Comfortable suture angle with optimized trocar position aids renorrhaphy during retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

BackgroundThis study investigated a comfortable suture angle (CSA) with optimized trocar position for closing the defect during renorrhaphy in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The feasibility, usefulness, and safety of achieving the CSA with modified trocar position were determined for different tumor types.MethodsTwo optimized trocar positions were introduced for different tumor types. A suture angle was based on the tumor plane of the superficial parenchyma defect and the line formed by the needle holder. Preliminary surgical simulations determined a CSA that combined the least suture time with the greatest ease of performance. Achieving the CSA was attempted during renorrhaphy of 106 enrolled patients undergoing retroperitoneal LPN. Patients’ characteristics, operative features, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed.ResultsFor 89 (83.96%) patients, a CSA was successfully reached and parenchyma recovered. The remaining 17 patients were successfully sutured, but the attempt to achieve a CSA failed. For the CSA group, the suture, clamping, and overall operative times were significantly less than that of the non-CSA patients. The groups were similar regarding estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, and rates of glomerular filtration reduction and complications. Univariable analyses determined that tumor location, growth pattern, and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) may influence the success of this approach. Multivariable analyses indicated that only tumor location and RNS were independent factors affecting successful achievement of the CSA.ConclusionsThrough different kidney position changes, the CSA could be used to ease the suture process. It is feasible and safe to perform a CSA with optimized trocar position during LPN. Tumor location and RNS may influence the approach to get a CSA.     

"健康中国"战略下临床医学专业本科生职业医学教育的实践与探索

临床医学专业学生是职业病的诊断、治疗、康复和预防的未来主干力量,因而在"健康中国"战略下采用多元化教学方式培养学生解决问题的能力,提高临床医学生学习职业医学的积极性,推进职业医学专业人才队伍建设,对维护全体劳动者身体健康、促进经济社会协同发展具有重要意义。     

2016—2020年河南省餐饮单位食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

目的 分析河南省餐饮单位食源性疾病暴发的流行病学特征,提出相关监管建议。方法 收集2016—2020年河南省餐饮类食源性疾病暴发监测数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行流行病学分析。结果 河南省2016—2020年共报告发生在餐饮单位的食源性疾病暴发事件224起,占同时期全省食源性疾病暴发事件总数的57.44%,发病2577人,占发病总人数的73.37%,死亡1人,占死亡总人数的14.29%。餐饮类暴发事件场所主要集中在宾馆饭店,事件报告数100起,占总事件数的44.64%。在查明原因的事件中,致病菌是引发食源性疾病暴发事件的主要因素,占总事件数的19.64%;加工储存不当引起的事件数量最多,占总事件数的27.33%。结论 建议加强对餐饮单位重点环节和危险因素的监管,建立健全餐饮单位食品安全知识培训制度,加强食品安全监管多部门沟通合作机制。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的探讨Ｎ５－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（ＭＴＨＦＲ）基因多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的关系。方法利用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）方法，检测了７９名健康人和６９名冠心病患者ＭＴＨＦＲ基因的６７７碱基多态性突变Ｃ→Ｔ情况，并加以对照分析。结果冠心病患者ＭＴＨＦＲ基因突变型Ｖ６７７基因的频率，明显高于健康人，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论提示ＭＴＨＦＲ基因突变型Ｖ６７７基因可能是冠心病的又一个遗传风险因子，为探讨冠心病发病机理提供了新的依据     

10年早产儿及新生儿结果分析

目的 探讨早产儿的发生因素和对母儿的影响及防治。方法 收集１９８９年１月至１９９８年１２月,１０年中我院住院分娩的全部早产病例８１６例,按产５年和后５年分为两组进行回顾性分析。结果 前组早产数为５３４例,早产发生率为３．２０％;后组早产数为２８２例,发生率为３．０５％,两组发生率对比无统计学差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。其流行病学调查显示在职业、流动人口数和产前检查方面两组对比有极其显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０     

烹调油烟对大鼠肺细胞的DNA损伤机制

目的：以大鼠肺Ⅱ型细胞为靶细胞,检测烹调油烟的细胞毒作用和对细胞ＤＮＡ的损伤。方法：烹调油烟颗粒提取物对大鼠肺Ⅱ型细胞染毒２４ｈ后,应用ＭＴＴ法、溴乙锭荧光法以及单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测烹调油烟对大鼠肺Ⅱ型细胞的细胞毒性和ＤＮＡ的损伤。结果：在受试剂量范围内,烹调油烟颗粒提取物具有细胞毒性,可致ＤＮＡ交联及断裂的作用随染毒剂量的增加而增强,并存在剂量－反应关系（ｒ细胞毒性＝－０．９４８,Ｐ＜０．０１;ｒ交联＝０．９７６,Ｐ＜０．０１;ｒ断裂＝０．９５７,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：烹调油烟颗粒提取物对大鼠肺Ⅱ型细胞具有细胞毒性作用和ＤＮＡ损伤作用,可使ＤＮＡ链间交联和ＤＮＡ单链断裂。     

小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞培养液的造血抑制活性研究

观察了小鼠骨髓型正常巨噬细胞株经６Ｇｙ＾６０Ｃｏ照射后细胞培养上对ＣＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｇ同期怕影响,结果未照射和照射后Ａｎａ－１细胞培养３上清对ＣＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的形成均垢抑制活性,但照射后抑制活性更强,上清经灭活后抑制活性减弱,结论;小鼠骨髓巨噬 培养上清对ＣＦＵ－＝Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ均的抑制活性,这种抑制活性可能是抑制因子和细胞毒共同作用的结果。     

氯霉素在神经外科开颅术后继发颅内感染的应用

目的：评价氯霉素在神经外科开颅术后继发颅内感染的治疗作用。方法：分析２３例颅内感染者２１例氯霉素治疗前用过其他类抗生素,因无效而改用氯霉素,另２例因过敏体质而直接使用氯霉素。结果：本组氯霉素治疗均有效。结论：治疗颅内感染,氯霉素可作为青霉素类和头孢菌素等抗生素治疗无效的替换药,有很好的临床效果。     

公路费用分摊方法的分析与评价

明确了公路费用分摊的概念,指出了它在道路使用者税费制定过程中的地位与作用;阐述了费用分摊的两大基本目标--效率与公平,并据此对国外公路费用分摊方法进行了分类,提出了公路费用分摊研究的基本框架;介绍了每种分摊方法的基本内容,并着重分析了它们的优缺点.