血液透析护士工作投入的潜在剖面及其影响因素分析

目的 探索血液透析护士工作投入的异质性和影响因素,为护理管理者采取措施提高血液透析护士工作投入提供参考。方法 采用一般资料调查表、工作投入量表和NASA任务负荷指数量表对广东省650名血液透析护士进行问卷调查。对血液透析护士的工作投入特征进行潜在剖面分析,并通过单因素分析和无序多分类logistic回归分析探讨不同潜在剖面的影响因素。结果 获得有效样本585人。血液透析护士工作投入和任务负荷得分分别为(3.54±1.44)分、(64.20±15.00)分。工作投入可分为3个潜在剖面,包括低投入-低专注组(23.3%)、中投入-低专注组(34.5%)、高投入-高奉献组(42.2%)。无序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示,任务负荷得分、护士层级、职务、对工作满意度及是否为血液净化专科护士是工作投入潜在剖面的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 血液透析护士工作投入特征存在异质性,护理管理者可根据血液透析护士的不同工作投入特征及其影响因素,采取有针对性的措施,以提高血液透析护士的工作投入和护理服务质量。     

经皮耳迷走神经电刺激对缺血性卒中患者的康复疗效观察

目的探讨不同频率的经皮耳迷走神经电刺激（transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, taVNS）结合康复运动对缺血性卒中患者康复疗效的影响。 方法选取2023年6月—10月同济大学附属养志康复医院神经内科收治的80例缺血性脑卒中后伴上肢偏瘫患者,随机分为taVNS 0Hz（n=20）、taVNS 30Hz组（n=20）、taVNS 300Hz组（n=20）、taVNS 3000Hz（n=20）组,4组均接受常规康复训练,同时增加不同频率的taVNS刺激,根据患者耐受情况调整ta-VNS治疗强度,每次30min,每日1次,连续治疗14d。在假刺激组中,只夹电极但不给与刺激。分别记录治疗前、治疗30d、治疗45d后简式Fugl-Meyer（FMA）运动功能评分。 结果治疗前4组FMA评分无显著差异（F=0.195,P=0.900）;重复测量方差分析结果显示,治疗30d及45d后,4组FMA评分均较治疗前显著提高（P＜0.001）,同时taVNS 300Hz组治疗45d后的FMA评分最优（48.81±20.30）;不同治疗方案在治疗30d前后、治疗45d前后FMA指标的差值均具有差异（P＜0.001）,其中taVNS 300Hz组治疗45d前后的FMA评分差值最大（9.81±1.69）,具有临床意义。 结论taVNS结合康复运动能促进缺血性卒中患者的运动功能康复,taVNS 300Hz治疗组效果最优。     

A timeline of oligodendrocyte death and proliferation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

AimsWhite matter (WM) injury is a critical factor associated with worse outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the detailed pathological changes are not completely understood. This study investigates temporal changes in the corpus callosum (CC), including WM edema and oligodendrocyte death after SAH, and the role of lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) in those changes.MethodsSubarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in adult wild‐type or LCN2 knockout mice via endovascular perforation. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 4 hours, 1 day, and 8 days after SAH, and T2 hyperintensity changes within the CC were quantified to represent WM edema. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate oligodendrocyte death and proliferation.ResultsSubarachnoid hemorrhage induced significant CC T2 hyperintensity at 4 hours and 1 day that diminished significantly by 8 days post‐procedure. Comparing changes between the 4 hours and 1 day, each individual mouse had an increase in CC T2 hyperintensity volume. Oligodendrocyte death was observed at 4 hours, 1 day, and 8 days after SAH induction, and there was progressive loss of mature oligodendrocytes, while immature oligodendrocytes/oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) proliferated back to baseline by Day 8 after SAH. Moreover, LCN2 knockout attenuated WM edema and oligodendrocyte death at 24 hours after SAH.ConclusionsSubarachnoid hemorrhage leads to T2 hyperintensity change within the CC, which indicates WM edema. Oligodendrocyte death was observed in the CC within 1 day of SAH, with a partial recovery by Day 8. SAH‐induced WM injury was alleviated in an LCN2 knockout mouse model.     

Endoscopic features of esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia dominated by cytological atypia

Little is known about esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia dominated by cytological atypia (HGINc). We aimed to elucidate the endoscopic features of HGINc compared with esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia dominated by architectural atypia (HGINa). All patients pathologically diagnosed as esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia after endoscopic submucosal dissection at our center between January 2018 and December 2019 were included in this study. According to the pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into two groups: HGINa group and HGINc group. Basic characteristics and endoscopic information were collected in detail. Data were analyzed statistically. Binary logistic regression was performed and a predictive model for HGINc was established. Then we evaluated its predictive value and built a nomogram for clinical application. A total of 175 patients were included in this study (126 with HGINa and 49 with HGINc). Among 228 lesions found in all patients, there were 148 HGINa and 80 HGINc. The independent relevant factors for HGINc were tobacco and alcohol usage, color, and gross type. To predict risk of HGINc, a three-factor model (TFM) was established with a highest area under curve (AUC) as 0.869 (95% CI, 0.852, 0.939). When the cut-off value was set as 0.3569184, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for HGINc was 81.14%, 88.75%, 77.03%, 67.62%, and 92.68%, respectively. HGINc differs greatly in endoscopic features from HGINa in our study. It’s important to reduce misdiagnosis that our model was established with good predictive value for clinical application.     

“预处理”策略对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者围术期心肌保护作用的研究进展

糖尿病是心血管疾患的独立危险因素,糖尿病患者发生急性心肌梗死后的病死率明显升高.缺血预处理（IPC）、缺血后处理（IPOST）、远端肢体/组织预处理（RIC）以及麻醉药物预处理（APC）等“预处理”策略,已被证明在非糖尿病患者能够发挥明显的心肌保护作用,近年有研究认为,在Ⅱ型糖尿病患者其心肌保护作用被减弱或者消失.现就“预处理”技术对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者缺血性心肌损害的保护作用及其机制的研究进展予以综述.     

双钢板垂直和平行放置治疗C型肱骨远端骨折的对比研究

Background Double plate osteosynthesis is the standard treatment for intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus. However, there is still controversy concerning dual plate positions in terms of providing optimal stability. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures using perpendicular and parallel plating methods.

Methods Between March 2008 and June 2011, a total of 45 patients with type C distal humerus fractures were treated using two different dual plating methods. Of them, 24 patients were treated by perpendicular plating (group I) and 21 patients were treated by parallel plating (group II). The surgical time, blood loss, and union time were compared between the two groups. The flexion-extension arc, the total range of flexion and extension at the end of follow-up were compared between the two groups. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to determine the elbow functional results.

Results All patients were followed up. The mean duration of follow-up was 16 months (range 12–25 months) in group I and 15.5 months in group II (range 12–25 months). There were no significant differences in the surgical time, blood loss, and the bone union time between the two groups. In group I, the mean elbow flexion-extension arc was 101° and the mean MEPS was 85 points. The rate of excellent and good results was 87.5%. In group II, the mean flexion-extension arc was 100° and the mean MEPS was 86.1 points. The rate of excellent and good results was 90.5%. There were no significant differences in the MEPS, flexion-extension arc, and the total range of flexion and extension between the two groups.

Conclusions Perpendicular and parallel plate configurations with the appropriate surgical techniques can provide anatomical reconstruction and stable fixation of type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures and allow early mobilization of the elbow after an operation. The occurrence of post-operative elbow stiffness can be reduced and good outcomes can be obtained.

     

XN-1型放射治疗CT定位系统的研制与应用

目的对自行研制的XN-1型放射治疗CT定位系统的使用方法和功能进行介绍与验证.方法本系统由定位框架和定位软件组成,定位框架以往已经报道.软件为在Windows平台上应用OpenGL三维图形工具自主研发的软件系统.本系统能够建立基于定位框架的三维坐标系,对身体外轮廓、肿瘤及其周围重要器官进行三维重建,通过射束方向视图(beam's eye view, BEV)功能进行模拟,确定出靶中心点的空间坐标、各照射野的方向、大小和源瘤距等放疗参数,从而实现精确模拟定位.对模拟靶进行了验证,并对食管癌和脑肿瘤病例进行了比较.结果本系统确定的模拟靶之中心点坐标、照射野的方向和大小等,经与模拟定位片对比验证,证明达到精确定位要求.对临床病例的定位结果也与模拟定位机方法一致.结论本系统能够对全身各部位肿瘤进行精确的CT立体定位,能够提供常规放疗所需各项定位参数.具有精确度高、显示直观、稳定可靠等优点,适合国情,具有重要推广应用价值.     

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple endocrine neoplasia

Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is relatively rare. But more patients could be found by detailed examination. We discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of MEN. Methods The clinical data of 95 MEN cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 cases of MEN1 including 19 cases from 6 families. The MEN1 gene mutation was detected in 81.48% of cases admitted after 1997. There were 22 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 10 cases of enteropanceatic tumor including 9 cases of insulinoma, 15 cases of pituitary adenoma, 9 cases of adrenal adenoma, 2 cases of thymic carcinoid. Two patients had 4 glands involved, 3 patients had 3 glands involved, 16 patients had 2 glands involved, and 6 patients had only one gland involved. Three patients had neither clinical symptoms nor biochemical changes, and was diagnosed by MEN1 gene mutation. Six patients presented with nephrolithasis and 6 patients had impaired pancreatic endocrine function. There were 60 cases of MEN2a and 5 cases of MEN2b. 58 cases of MEN2a belongs to 19 kindreds. All MEN2a patients but one presented RET gene mutation in codon 634, and all MEN2b cases had mutation in codon 918. 48 cases of MEN2a had thyroid masses with elevated calcitonin levels. 27 patients had pheochromocytoma including 12 cases of multiple loci and 5 malignancy. 13 patients presented with hyperparathyroidism. 5 MEN2b patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis with Marfanoid. Among them, 3 patients had bilateral pheochromocytoma. Results In MEN1, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 12 patients with PHPT and one patient received parathyroid adenoma enucleation. Insulinomas were enucleated in 4 patients. Two patients underwent thymus tumor extirpation. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral dissection of regional lymph nodes was performed in 16 patients with MEN2a and nodule enucleation was performed in 9 patients. Twenty two MEN2a patients underwent pheochromocytoma enucleation including bilateral adrenal resection in 10 cases. 5 MEN2b patients underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection. Among them, 3 cases underwent bilateral adrenal operations. Conclusions MEN varies in symptoms. Germline mutation test is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Surgical management should be aimed at the improvement of life quality in MEN1 and prevention of the fetal tumors in MEN2.     

经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术中可疑组织的鉴别和处理

目的 探讨经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术中可疑组织的分辨和处理方法。 方法 回顾性分析我科经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术中因难以确定性质而单独送检可疑组织20例患者的临床资料,对术中垂体腺瘤与正常垂体组织的分辨方法进行总结。 结果 20例可疑组织术后单独病检示:肿瘤组织与正常垂体混杂并存9例,正常垂体组织5例,肿瘤组织2例,其他性质组织4例。 结论 分辨垂体腺瘤和正常垂体组织主要依据术中外观、质地、血供以及可能存在的边界,若术中难以判断,则可取少量可疑组织单独送病理检查以明确组织性质,指导下一步治疗。     

Circulating cell‐free circRNA panel predicted tumorigenesis and development of colorectal cancer

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is reported with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the sensitivity of diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer is low. Therefore, further exploration of new plasma diagnostic markers for early detection of colorectal cancer is of great value. We aimed to explore potential circRNAs in plasma as biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC.MethodsWe employed the circRNA microarray to investigate dysregulated circRNAs in plasma samples of CRC patients, colorectal adenoma patients (CRA), and healthy controls. Through in‐depth analysis, significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were screened as candidate targets.ResultsEight circRNAs (hsa_circ_104885, hsa_circ_100185, hsa_circ_103171, hsa_circ_001978, hsa_circ_105039, hsa_circ_103627, hsa_circ_101717, and hsa_circ_104192) were obtained as candidate circRNAs with upregulation in CRC comparing with both CRA and healthy control. Through detecting the plasma expression levels of eight candidate targets, we identified three circRNA (hsa_circ_001978, hsa_circ_105039, and hsa_circ_103627) with increased level which were consistent with the microarray results in training set. Further validation found the circRNA panel was consistent with training set. The ROC curve also revealed a high diagnostic ability of hsa_circ_001978, hsa_circ_105039, and hsa_circ_103627 in predicted the CRC from CRA patients (AUC = 0.966) as well as healthy controls (AUC = 0.969).ConclusionOur data suggest that hsa_circ_001978, hsa_circ_105039, and hsa_circ_103627 might be a CRC‐specific biomarker for early diagnosis.