四甲基偶氮唑盐法用于非小细胞肺癌药敏试验条件的筛选

目的筛选非小细胞肺癌药敏试验的条件。方法取25例非小细胞肺癌患者的瘤细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法观察9种化疗药物,在不同浓度、不同时间对瘤细胞的敏感性。结果9种化疗药物对瘤细胞的敏感性,有随着药物浓度的增加、作用时间的延长而增高的趋势,但每个药物都有各自的特点。结论非小细胞肺癌细胞MTT法药敏试验的浓度应为临床用药量的计算值,药物作用时间应以48h为宜。     

胶束毛细管电泳法分离中药补骨脂中的有效成分

目的:旨在建立毛细管电泳分析中药补骨脂中有效成分的分析方法。方法:采用胶束毛细管电泳法,最佳分离时的缓冲溶液为12mM磷酸盐 18mM硼酸盐十25mM十二烷基硫酸钠(pH=9.2)。结果;在最佳分离条件下,补骨脂中的有效成分补骨脂素和异补骨脂素可达基线分离,在此基础上,对其生药的甲醇提取液中的补骨脂素和异补骨脂素进行了定量分析。结论:该方法准确、快速。     

Protection from oxidant injury by sodium-dependent GSH uptake in retinal Müller cells.

Glutathione (GSH) is known to play an important role in regulating oxidative damage to cells. The present study was initiated to examine the effect of exogenous GSH on oxidative injury in a retinal Müller cell line and to characterize GSH transport in these cells. Rat Müller cells (rMC-1) were incubated with varying concentrations of t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) to induce oxidative stress, and cell viability was measured after addition of GSH. In other studies, kinetics of GSH uptake and Na+-dependency were examined by incubating cells with35S-GSH in Na+-containing and Na+-free buffers. GSH uptake was studied with GSH at concentrations varying from 0. 05-10 m m in NaCl buffer. In the presence of sodium, extracellular GSH provided protection against t-BHP-induced oxidant injury to rMC-1 cells; in contrast, the amino acid precursors of GSH did not have any effect on cell viability. GSH was taken up by rMC-1 cells in a concentration- and sodium-dependent manner. Kinetic studies revealed both a high affinity (Km approximately 0.31 m m) and low affinity Km( approximately 4.2 m m) component. Furthermore, GSH depletion had no significant effect on the rate of GSH uptake. The results show that physiological concentrations of GSH can protect Müller cells from oxidative injury. Both Na+-dependent and Na+-independent transport systems for GSH exist in Müller cells, and the Na+-dependent GSH transporter may be involved in the protective role of GSH.     

Sialyl Lewis X, Lewis X, and N-acetyllactosamine expression on normal and glaucomatous eyes

PURPOSE: Sialyl Lewis X (sLex), Lewis X (Lex), and N-acetyllactosamine are carbohydrate chains of neolactoglycoconjugates which are expressed by specific cell types and are important in the functioning of cells within an organism. This study attempts to determine the expression of these glycoconjugates on the conjunctiva, cornea, and trabecular meshwork (TM) of both normal and glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: Frozen anterior segment sections of both normal and glaucomatous human cadaver eyes, as well as rabbit eyes, were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to neolactoglycoconjugates using an Avidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex/Alkaline Phosphatase staining method. RESULTS: SLex characteristically stained both human conjunctival and corneal epithelia in normal (n=5) and glaucomatous (n=5) sections. SLex stained corneal and conjunctival epithelia of glaucomatous eyes much more intensely than normal eyes. Rabbit cornea sections stained for sLex, Lex, and N-acetyllactosamine. However, human cornea only consistently stained with sLex. Normal and glaucomatous human TM sections did not stain for sLex, Lex, or N-acetyllactosamine. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of glycoconjugates with sLex side chains appears to be upregulated in the conjunctival and corneal epithelia of glaucomatous eyes. Distinct species specific differences were noted in Lex and N-acetyllactosamine staining patterns in rabbit and human corneal epithelia.     

老年性痴呆的药物治疗进展

目前尚无治疗老年性痴呆(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的特效方法,但多种药物的应用对于改善认知功能、缓解精神症状、提高患者的生活质量有重要意义.目前老年性痴呆的治疗药物主要涉及神经递质促进剂、脑血液循环改善剂以及脑能量代谢激活剂等.另据报导抗氧化剂、抗炎药、雌激素以及神经生长因子等也对该病有一定疗效.     

The influence of ocular pulsatility on scanning laser Doppler flowmetry.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of the cardiac cycle on scanning laser Doppler flowmeter measurements of retinal capillary blood flow in rhesus monkeys and humans. METHODS: Multiple scanning laser Doppler flowmetry images of rhesus monkey and human retinal capillary blood flow over a range of heart rates were obtained. Average flow values were determined for the 64 scan lines that compose the two-dimensional flow map. Cutaneous blood flow was measured simultaneously with a laser Doppler flowmeter. The temporal relationships between retinal capillary blood flow, peripheral arterial pulse, and cutaneous blood flow were determined. In addition, human retinal capillary blood flow in a 10 x 10-pixel area during different phases of the cardiac cycle was compared. RESULTS: Regular oscillations in human and rhesus monkey retinal capillary blood flow are evident as alternating bright and dark horizontal bands in scanning laser Doppler flowmetry images. These fluctuations are temporally correlated with cutaneous blood flow. Linear regression of actual vs predicted heart rate based on peaks in retinal capillary flow yielded r = 0.999 in a rhesus monkey and 0.938 in a human. Retinal capillary blood flow in a 10 x 10-pixel area fluctuated as much as 50% depending on the phase of the cardiac cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The alternating bright and dark banding pattern observed in scanning laser Doppler flowmetry scans of retinal capillary blood flow is related to the cardiac pulse. The errors introduced by pulse-related fluctuations in retinal capillary blood flow are significant and must be minimized or corrected for accurate and reproducible measurements of ocular hemodynamics.     

Effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics in the cat

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in cats, the effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics as measured by the non-invasive method of fluorophotometry and by other methods. Measurements were carried out on 12 cats before and after one week of twice daily treatment with 2% epinephrine hydrochloride to one eye. Aqueous flow and outflow facility were determined using fluorophotometry. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated from these results and was evaluated with anterior chamber perfusion of FITC-dextran. Outflow facility also was measured by tonography. Epinephrine-treated eyes, compared with their baseline values, showed a 31% reduction in intraocular pressure (P<0.001), a 23% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.05), a 60% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 43% increase in tonographic outflow facility (P<0.05). Treated eyes, compared with contralateral control eyes, showed a 27% reduction in IOP (P<0.005), a 25% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.005), a 38% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 34% increase in tonographic outflow facility. When evaluated by both fluorophotometry and FITC-dextran tracer methods, epinephrine had no significant effect on uveoscleral outflow. It was concluded that, in cats treated with topical epinephrine twice daily for a week, a reduction in intraocular pressure is induced by an increase in outflow facility and decrease in aqueous flow.     

B型超声检查对渗出型老年性黄斑变性的诊断价值

目的:探讨渗出型老年性黄斑变性(Age-related macular degeneration,AMD)的B型超声影象特征。方法:采用NIDEKUS-3300型超声诊断仪,对31例(54只眼)渗出型AMD进行了观察。结果:视网膜色素上皮脱离时,眼内后极部出现膜状弧形回声,光带与眼球壁之间,可见一个梭形透声区;渗出或出血未完全吸收阶段,呈混合性回声;渗出或出血逐渐吸收并为瘢痕组织所替代时,可见实体性小隆起物,强回声,形状似凸透镜或三角形,凸起端指向球后,玻璃体腔面平坦。结论:B型超声在渗出型AMD的诊断、治疗随访观察中具有实用价值。眼科学报1999;15:233-235。     

人眼晶体悬韧带的张力测定

目的:进行人眼晶体悬韧带部位及其张力的测定。　方法:对26只离体尸眼进行测定。悬韧带的最大张力规定为:在其放松及最大伸张情况下,从睫状突到嵌入晶体前囊膜内的悬韧带的距离的差值。　　结果:悬韧带在拉断之前平均能被拉长4.48±1.78mm,年轻组为5.33±1.19mm,老年组为2.17±0.70mm。无韧带区老年组为6.98±0.70mm,年轻组为7.66±0.42mm,平均为7.48±0.58mm。结论:悬韧带具有一定的张力,随着年龄的增长,悬韧带有向囊膜中心生长的趋势,无韧带区随年龄的增加而减小,悬韧带的张力随年龄的增加而减少。