Comparison between Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Wearable Gait Monitoring Techniques

Insole plantar stress detection (PSD) techniques play an important role in gait monitoring. Among the various insole PSD methods, piezoelectric- and piezoresistive-based architectures are broadly used in medical scenes. Each year, a growing number of new research outcomes are reported. Hence, a deep understanding of these two kinds of insole PSD sensors and state-of-the-art work would strongly benefit the researchers in this highly interdisciplinary field. In this context, this review article is composed of the following aspects. First, the mechanisms of the two techniques and corresponding comparisons are explained and discussed. Second, advanced materials which could enhance the performance of current piezoelectric and piezoresistive insole prototypes are introduced. Third, suggestions for designing insole PSD prototypes/products for different diseases are offered. Last, the current challenge and potential future trends are provided.     

三维路径图技术在支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的应用

目的探讨三维路径图技术在支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析利用三维路径图技术对10例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者进行介入栓塞治疗的过程和效果。结果10例动脉瘤均成功栓塞,术后即刻栓塞结果按改良的Raymond分级：动脉瘤完全栓塞7例（Ⅰ级）,瘤颈残留2例（Ⅱ级）,瘤体显影1例（Ⅲ级）。术后随访1～6个月,临床无再出血,急性缺血1例表现为下肢单瘫。结论三维路径图技术具有实时跟踪、高清晰度和精确度等优势,对栓塞治疗起着重要的指导作用。     

Human embryonic neural stem cell transplantation increases subventricular zone cell proliferation and promotes peri‐infarct angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia

Neurogenesis and angiogenesis are two important processes that may contribute to the repair of brain injury after stroke. This study was designed to investigate whether transplantation of human embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) into cortical peri‐infarction 24 h after ischemia effects cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and angiogenesis in the peri‐infarct zone. NSCs were prepared from embryonic human brains at 8 weeks gestation. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery of adult rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30, each) at 24 h after ischemia: NSC‐grafted and medium‐grafted groups. Toluidine blue staining and 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) or von Willebrand factor (vWF) immunohistochemistry were performed at 7, 14 and 28 days after transplantation. NSC transplantation increased the number of BrdU‐positive cells in the ischemic ipsilateral SVZ compared with the medium control at 7 days (P < 0.01). This difference in SVZ cell proliferation persisted at 14 days (P < 0.01), but was not significant at 28 days (P > 0.05). In addition, angiogenesis, as indicated by BrdU and vWF staining in cortical peri‐infarct regions, was augmented by 46% and 65% in NSC‐grafted rats versus medium‐grafted rats at 7 and 14 days, respectively (P < 0.05). However, this increase became non‐significant at 28 days (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that NSC transplantation enhances endogenous cell proliferation in the SVZ and promotes angiogenesis in the peri‐infarct zone, even if it is performed in the acute phase of ischemic injury.     

蓝斑损伤介导帕金森病疼痛病理机制的研究进展

帕金森病是常见的中枢神经系统退行性病变,疼痛是帕金森病比较常见的非运动症状, 患病率在 40%～85%。疼痛症状使帕金森病患者的生活质量受到严重影响,且它的机制错综复杂。在 帕金森病神经退行性病变过程中,蓝斑区域神经元丢失程度更大且更早于黑质致密部。蓝斑包含中枢 神经系统中最大的去甲肾上腺素能神经元群,去甲肾上腺素能神经元群在整个大脑中提供广泛的神经 来支配参与疼痛的内在控制。现综述蓝斑损伤介导帕金森病疼痛的病理机制研究进展。     

不同类型的急性脑梗死患者辅助性T细胞及甲基CpG结合蛋白2表达水平变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨不同类型的急性脑梗死患者辅助性T细胞(CD4+T cells,CD4+T细胞)及甲基CpG结合蛋白2(Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2,MECP2)表达水平变化及其临床意义.方法 选取本院2017年2月-2019年2月收治的急性脑梗死患者156例作为病例组,按照请奥加兰(Orgaran...     

丘脑底核电刺激术治疗帕金森病的疗效

目的评估丘脑底核脑深部电刺激(STN-DBS)对帕金森病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析应用STN-DBS手术治疗的32例帕金森病病人的临床资料,在术前、术后3个月分别采用统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行随访评估、心理状况问卷调查和分析。结果脉冲发生器开启后,32例病人的UPDRS日常活动和运动功能在"关"状态,平均改善率为51.7%和60.9%;在"开"状态下,平均改善率21.4%和22.3%。20例病人术前SDS评分50分,其SCL-90的抑郁、焦虑、躯体化、人际敏感、敌对、恐怖和偏执7个因子显著高于中国常模(P0.05)。术前与术后SCL-90抑郁、躯体化、恐怖、焦虑、精神病性因子有显著性差异(P0.05),人际敏感、偏执、敌对和强迫等因子无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 STN-DBS可以改善帕金森病病人的运动功能,提高日常生活能力,还可以明显改善帕金森病伴抑郁病人的心理状况,是安全有效的治疗方法。     

带锚钉悬吊系统人工肌肉假体置入后的下肢增粗☆

回顾文献关于假体置入隆臀术、下肢增粗术的报道,假体置入已成为一种较理想的肢体增粗的手术方法,但是假体置入后由于肢体的频繁活动经常引起假体移位,从而使假体置入部位外形发生改变,严重者由于运动和重力原因将导致假体撕裂。我院整形科自行设计带Mitek GⅡ锚钉悬吊系统的人工肌肉假体置入下肢增粗术治疗一例因脊髓灰质炎后遗症所致的左下肢肌肉萎缩的患者,患者经手术治疗后,不仅双下肢不对称得到基本纠正,而且锚钉悬吊系统的引入很好的解决了假体移位的问题,本文通过我院整形科的这一病例描述,在假体置入下肢增粗及假体置入后维持其稳定性方面做了一些探索并进行了论述。     

颅内压增高及甘露醇治疗患者的脑血流动力学变化

目的　研究颅内压增高患者的脑血流动力学变化特征 ,并探讨TCD和甘露醇对患者的诊断治疗作用。方法　对 4 0例颅内压增高患者进行TCD检测 ,其中 15例行甘露醇治疗前后动态观察。结果　颅内压增高患者脑血流速度 (Vd ,Vs)减慢 ,血管阻力参数值 (PI ,RI)增大 ,甘露醇治疗后各检测参数明显改善 ,并以舒张期流速及脉动指数为著。结论　根据脑血流动力学的特征性改变 ,结合试验性甘露醇治疗 ,TCD为无创性诊断和动态观察颅内压增高提供了依据