输尿管镜在梗阻性上尿路感染治疗中的应用

目的探讨输尿管镜对梗阻性上尿路感染的治疗作用。方法采用输尿管镜治疗上尿路感染15例。直视下向梗阻性感染侧上尿路插入输尿管镜，采用镜体直接扩张、活检、电灼、激光碎石等微创技术解除梗阻，并适当处理原发疾病，妥善留置F7-9双J管、Foley’s导尿管，配合有效抗菌素治疗。结果12例患者上尿路感染临床症状迅速好转（80％），8例同时完成病因治疗（53．3％）。结论微创输尿管镜技术对梗阻性上尿路感染具有肯定的治疗作用。     

BRP44基因对前列腺癌生物学行为的影响

目的研究BRP44高表达的人前列腺癌细胞PC3细胞系（雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌细胞株）细胞的生物学性状的影响，以了解其在人前列腺癌发生发展中可能的机制和作用。方法将已转染BRP44的PC3细胞提取其RNA，进而行Northern Blot检测证明其高表达，用Alamar Blue检测BRP44高表达的阳性细胞生长情况，流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期变换，采用改良的Transweu侵袭小室方法检测细胞侵袭能力。结果BRP44高表达的PC3细胞增殖速度较转染空载体的PC3细胞和正常PC3细胞快，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在体外细胞移动实验中，BRP44高表达的PC3细胞也较另两组细胞表现出更强的穿膜能力、侵袭力（P〈0．01）。结论BRP44表达增高与人前列腺癌细胞的恶性表型具有密切相关性，BRP44可能在人前列腺癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。     

Surgical results of anterior corpectomy in the aged patients with cervical myelopathy

Retrospective study on the results of anterior corpectomy for the treatment of cervical myelopathy in patients over 70 years old. To evaluate the surgical results of anterior corpectomy in aged patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy and to investigate the probable pathomechanism by radiographic study. There are few data focused on the surgical results and post-operative complications of anterior corpectomy in aged patients with cervical myelopathy. Twenty patients 70 years of age or older who underwent anterior corpectomy, titanium mesh cage (TMC) reconstruction and anterior plate fixation for the treatment of compressive cervical myelopathy were reviewed. The average age at the time of operation was 75 years. Neurologic deficits before and after surgery were assessed using a scoring system proposed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA Score). Clinical results and post-operative complications were compared with those of patients 69 years old or younger as a control. Pre-operative Radiologic evaluation of every patient consisted of anterior–posterior, lateral, bilateral oblique, flextion, and extension radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine. Any factor causing spinal cord compression and the sign of cervical instability were recorded. Surgical-related complications occurred in seven patients in the aged group. The incidence of complications was 35% in the aged patient group and 9.7% in the control group respectively. Although the difference was striking, no statistical significance was found between the two groups. One patient died of respiratory failure resulting from pulmonary infection. The mortality rate was 5%. The pre-operative mean JOA score was 9.3 (from 3 to 14) in the aged patient group. Nineteen patients were followed at least 2 years and the mean JOA score was 13.4 (from 8 to 17). 68.4% of the aged patients achieved a good or excellent result. There was no statistical difference in the recovery rate of JOA score between the aged group (58.1%) and control group (67.0%). In the pre-operative radiographs, the incidence of cervical instability was much higher in the control group (32%) than in the aged group (5%) and multilevel cord compression caused by posterior disc space osteophytes was more common in the aged group. Anterior corpectomy combined with TMC fusion and plate fixation provides favorable neurologic recovery even in the patients over 70 years old. However, the incidence of surgical related complications shows a conspicuous increasing in the aged patients. Overcompensation mechanism for cervical instability is the probable cause of degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy in aged patients.     

实时荧光RT-PCR定量检测前列腺癌组织中AMACR基因表达

目的 建立实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-RT-PCR)检测AMACR mRNA的方法学并检测其在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达.方法 在AMACR基因的2、3外显子之间设计一对引物及MGB探针,将PCR扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接,构建重组质粒作为定量检测的标准品,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,然后对32例PCa、60例良性前列腺增生(BPH)及34例其它肿瘤组织进行AMACR mRNA的定量检测.结果 重组质粒经PCR扩增及序列测定,表明克隆成功,该方法灵敏度高,线性范围为5～5×108copies/reaction.AMACR mRNA在PCa组织中表达量显著高于BPH组织(P<0.01)及其他类型肿瘤组(P<0.01).ROC曲线分析结果显示,曲线下面积(AUC-ROC)为0.890,AMACR mRNA诊断前列腺癌的敏感度和特异度分别为81.3%和86.7%.PCa组织中AMACR mRNA表达量及检测阳性率与不同临床分期和病理分级之间的差异尚不具有统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测AMACR mRNA的方法具有敏感、特异、准确、重复性好等特点.AMACR mRNA在前列腺组织中的表达对PCa的诊断具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Surface ultrastructure and mechanical property of human chondrocyte revealed by atomic force microscopy

OBJECTIVE: The mechanical properties of chondrocytes influence maintenance of the articular cartilage extracellular matrix. To differentiate the mechanical properties of chondrocytes between a young, normal modulus and an old, osteoarthritic (OA) modulus, we used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to probe the surface ultrastructure and to measure their adhesion force and stiffness. METHODS: We directly visualized a single chondrocyte cell by using AFM and quantitatively measured the dimensions of the cells. RESULTS: Profiles displayed heights of 1026+/-203 and 1668+/-352 nm for old and young cells, respectively. Contour maps revealed differences in the sizes and structures of the two groups. Mean calculated adhesion forces differed between normal and OA chondrocytes (7.06+/-3.35 and 2.97+/-1.82 nN, respectively), as did calculated stiffness values (0.0960+/-0.009 and 0.0347+/-0.005 N/m, respectively). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that the mechanical properties of normal chondrocytes substantially differed from those of OA chondrocytes. We believe this study represents the first direct characterization of the surface ultrastructure and mechanical measurements of human chondrocytes between normal and OA stages. This new approach could be a useful technique for investigating age-related changes in the properties of human chondrocytes.     

Research of PDGF-BB gel on the wound healing of diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamics

BACKGROUND: One of the leading causes of impaired wound healing is diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, a minor skin wound often leads to serious complications. Many experiments had demonstrated that the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor was decreased in wounds of healing-impaired diabetic mice, indicating that a certain expression level of PDGF is essential for normal repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diabetic rats was induced by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin and a 1.8 cm diameter full-thickness wound was made on each side of the rat mid-back. Then the rats were randomly divided into five groups, with eight animals in each group as follows: blank control, vehicle control, 3.5 microg PDGF-BB/cm(2) treatment group, 7 microg PDGF-BB/cm(2) treatment group and 14 microg PDGF-BB/cm(2) treatment group for either 7 or 14 consecutive days after wounding. Re-epithelialization area was measured by computerized planimetry, percentage wound closure and percentage wound contraction was calculated, granulation tissue and collagen formation was assessed by Masson trichrome, cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining) and angiogenesis (Factor VIII related antigen staining) was assessed by immunohistological methods. RESULTS: PDGF-BB treatment improved healing quality, enhanced angiogenesis, cell proliferation and epithelialization, and formed thicker and more highly organized collagen fiber deposition in full-thickness excisional wound of diabetic rats. The effects of topically applied PDGF-BB were dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: PDGF-BB is an important future clinical tool, particularly for stimulating soft tissue repair in patients with an impaired capacity for wound healing.     

不同治疗模式对不能切除的肝癌二期手术预后的影响

目的探讨不能切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及经手术肝动脉结扎、置管化疗栓塞(HALCE)缩小后二期切除的疗效,并比较不同治疗模式对预后的影响.方法204例HCC二期切除患者,分成TACE组及HALCE组.TACE组112例,行TACE1～7次(中位2.4).HALCE组92例,其中49例行HALCE,7例行HALCE+肝脏外放射治疗,36例行HALCE+导向内放射治疗.肿瘤缩小后予以切除.选择7个可能对HCC二期切除术后预后产生影响的临床因素通过单因素、多因素Cox模型对预后进行分析.结果随访至1999年6月,首次TACE及HALCE后1、3、5、7年生存率分别为95.7%、69.3%、56.5%及44.5%,切除肿瘤后1、3、5、7年生存率分别为88.5%、64.9%、51.9%及38.3%.TACE组及HALCE组1、3、5、7年生存率分别为94.1%、64.7%、51.2%、40.8%和96.3%、73.9%、61.6%、45.2%,2组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).影响预后的主要因素是肝硬化程度和肿瘤坏死程度(P＜0.05).TACE组中肝硬化程度、缩小后肿瘤有无包膜及肿瘤坏死程度是影响预后的主要因素(P＜0.05),而HALCE组各因素对预后影响差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论不能一期切除的HCC缩小后应进行二期切除,且可获得满意疗效.而肝硬化程度、肿瘤坏死程度是影响肝癌二期切除预后的主要因素.     

左心室巨大室壁瘤手术治疗的中远期随访研究

目的了解左心室巨大室壁瘤手术治疗的中、远期效果. 方法采用多次信访、电话随访和门诊复查相结合的方法, 对58例左心室巨大室壁瘤行手术治疗后生存的56例患者中的49例进行了随访,随访率87.5% ,随访时间(47.6±22.4)个月,随访时间最长者90.0个月. 结果患者随访期内死亡10例,5年生存率为63.7%.术后患者左心室舒张末径有明显缩小;术后29.0个月左心室射血分数与术前相比,有显著提高.所有患者均无再次心肌梗死发生,心绞痛复发6例,程度较术前减轻.NYHA心功能分级由术前的(2.5±0.7 )级转为(1.3±0.5)级.统计分析显示,左心室舒张末径大于70 mm 及左心室射血分数小于35%,为独立相关危险因素. 结论左心室巨大室壁瘤手术治疗患者,中、远期疗效较好,绝大部分无心绞痛发生,生活质量提高,生存率与国外报道相似.     

胸腺注射供体脾细胞诱导移植心脏免疫耐受的实验研究

目的探讨诱导心脏移植免疫耐受的方法及其产生的可能机制. 方法采用大鼠腹部心脏移植模型,随机分成未处理(Ⅰ)组,胸腺注射供体脾细胞(Ⅱ)组,腹腔注射兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清(Ⅲ)组,胸腺注射供体脾细胞联合应用兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清(Ⅳ)组,每组6只大鼠.Ⅱ、Ⅳ组在移植前2 1 d将供体脾细胞2.5×107个注射到受体胸腺,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组受体腹腔注射兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清(ALS)1 ml,然后行异位心脏移植.观察移植心脏存活时间,供心病理学改变及供、受体间的混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR). 结果Ⅳ组供心平均存活时间(MST)为(81.8±7.6)d,较Ⅰ组(7.3±1.0)d、Ⅱ组( 7.8±1.0)d、Ⅲ组(8.2±1.2)d显著延长,差异有显著性意义(P＜ 0.01 );供心仅见少量炎性细胞浸润;供、受体间MLR较正常对照组显著降低,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01). 结论胸腺注射供体脾细胞联合应用ALS能成功诱导心脏移植的免疫耐受;胸腺内特异性T细胞克隆消除可能与免疫耐受的形成有关.     

关节镜下治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下治疗胫骨平台骨折的应用价值及方法。方法 对1994年10月～2000年10月在关节镜下治疗的23例胫骨平台骨折的患进行总结分析。结果 23例经6个月～6年随访,除1例有10。内翻畸形外均复位良好,未发生感染和严重的骨关节炎,Hohl评分：优17例、良4例、中2例,优良率91．3％。结论 Sehatzker Ⅰ～Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折关节镜撬拨复位,松质骨螺钉固定比非手术治疗在复位、固定上更可靠,可避免遗留常见的关节内伴随损伤,比常规手术治疗创伤小、恢复快,更有利于早期活动。