三种术式治疗肝细胞癌的近期临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜切除术(LR)、开腹切除术(OR)与超声定位下的射频消融术(RFA)治疗肝细胞癌的近期临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2018年6月接受手术治疗的152例肝细胞癌患者的病例资料,71例患者纳入LR组,52例患者纳入OR组,29例患者纳入RFA组。采用SPSS 25.0软件分析数据,手术相关指标、VAS评分等计量资料以( ±s)描述,行f检验;近期疗效、并发症等计数资料行χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果三组患者术后3个月治疗总有效率比较,LR组(76.1%)>OR组(73.1%)>RFA组(72.4%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组手术时间、术中总出血量及住院时间相比,OR组>LR组>RFA组(P<0.05);术后24 h及1周后VAS评分比较,OR组>LR组>RFA组(P<0.05);OR组并发症总发生率(36.5%)>LR组(29.6%)>RFA组(6.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访3个月的复发率比较,OR组(7.7%)0.05)。 结论对分期早且肿瘤小的肝细胞癌患者分别采用LR术、OR术与RFA术治疗,患者近期疗效相当,但RFA术具有损伤小、术后恢复快等优点,可减轻患者术后疼痛程度,安全性更高。但对于瘤体较大且靠近重要血管胆管的肝细胞癌患者,还需进行个体化治疗。     

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的检测甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)相关成纤维细胞(tumor-associated fibroblasts,TAFs)中成纤维细胞特异性蛋白-1(fibroblast-specific protein 1,FSP1/S100A4)、平滑肌肌动蛋白-ɑ(ɑ-smooth-muscle actin,ɑ-SMA)和成纤维细胞活化蛋白(fibroblast-activated protein,FAP-ɑ)的表达,探究其与PTC发生、发展的关系。方法通过免疫组化SP法检测FSP1/S100A4、ɑ-SMA、FAP-ɑ在正常甲状腺组织和PTC中的表达情况,并分析这些指标与重要临床病理参数的关系。结果FSP1/S100A4、ɑ-SMA和FAP-ɑ在PTC间质细胞中可见阳性表达,而在正常甲状腺组织的滤泡上皮或间质细胞内均不表达。患者肿瘤的大小、是否有淋巴结转移及TNM的不同分期与FAP-ɑ的阳性病例数有统计学差异(χ^2=6.833,P<0.05;χ^2=10.296,P<0.05;χ^2=4.910,P<0.05);ɑ-SMA阳性病例数在是否被膜侵犯、淋巴结转移有显著差异(χ^2=6.008,P<0.05;χ^2=11.766,P<0.05),而S100A4的阳性病例数在患者的性别、年龄、瘤体的大小、有无被膜侵犯、有无淋巴结转移及患者的TNM分期差异均没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PTC中TAFs的存在可能提示肿瘤具有较强的侵袭转移能力,TAFs有望成为PTC诊疗的一个新靶点。     

基于单细胞测序及蛋白质组数据分析尿酸转运蛋白在肾脏的精细表达定位

目的利用单细胞测序、微量蛋白质组学及免疫组化三部分数据深入分析肾脏尿酸转运蛋白的细胞分布及表达丰度。 方法利用2个成人健康肾脏的单细胞测序数据集(GSE131685)分析12个肾脏尿酸转运基因的细胞定位及表达丰度,进一步利用激光微切割联合质谱检测大鼠肾小管14个区段蛋白质数据集12个蛋白的定位和丰度,最后利用ProteinAtlas数据库检索上述蛋白在肾脏中的免疫组化染色结果。 结果单细胞测序数据集GSE131685中,12个尿酸转运蛋白集中表达于近端小管细胞,而在KIT数据集中,除了ABCG2、SLC22A12和SLC22A13外,其余都集中表达于近端肾小管S1,S2和S3段细胞。KEAT蛋白数据集的分析结果与KIT数据结果类似：ABCG2,SLC17A3,SLC22A12,SLC22A6和SLC22A8在近端小管S1,S2和S3段有显著的表达,尤其是SLC22A6仅富集在S2段肾小管,而ABCG2在S3段有较强的富集,其它的蛋白表达丰度相对较低。ProteinAtlas的免疫组化数据显示出与单细胞测序及蛋白质组的结果有较大的差异：ABCC2、SLC17A4、SLC22A6、SLC22A11、SLC22A12、SLC22A13及SLC2A9显示在近端小管比较特异的表达定位,其中ABCC2、SLC22A6、SLC22A11和SLC22A13信号较强。ABCC4、ABCG2和SLC16A9的表达丰度相对较低,特异性较差。 结论尿酸转运蛋白在肾脏主要集中表达于小管的S1,S2和S3段细胞,蛋白质组数据和单细胞测序数据比较接近。单细胞测序及微切割的微量蛋白组学是研究蛋白精细定位的良好工具。本研究为今后研究尿酸转运蛋白的功能及研发降尿酸药物提供基础依据。     

Multi-Scale Deep Neural Network (MscaleDNN) Methods for Oscillatory Stokes Flows in Complex Domains

In this paper, we study a multi-scale deep neural network (MscaleDNN) as a meshless numerical method for computing oscillatory Stokes flows in complex domains. The MscaleDNN employs a multi-scale structure in the design of its DNN using radial scalings to convert the approximation of high frequency components of the highly oscillatory Stokes solution to one of lower frequencies. The MscaleDNN solution to the Stokes problem is obtained by minimizing a loss function in terms of $L^2$ norm of the residual of the Stokes equation. Three forms of loss functions are investigated based on vorticity-velocity-pressure, velocity-stress-pressure, and velocity-gradient of velocity-pressure formulations of the Stokes equation. We first conduct a systematic study of the MscaleDNN methods with various loss functions on the Kovasznay flow in comparison with normal fully connected DNNs. Then, Stokes flows with highly oscillatory solutions in a 2-D domain with six randomly placed holes are simulated by the MscaleDNN. The results show that MscaleDNN has faster convergence and consistent error decays in the simulation of Kovasznay flow for all three tested loss functions. More importantly, the MscaleDNN is capable of learning highly oscillatory solutions when the normal DNNs fail to converge.     

A potential endemic strain in China: NADC34‑like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an economically important disease affecting commercial pork production worldwide. NADC34‐like PRRSV has had a strong impact on the U.S. and Peruvian pig industries in recent years and also emerged in northeastern China in 2017. However, the endemic status of NADC34‐like PRRSV in China is unclear. In this study, we examined 650 tissue samples collected from 16 Provinces in China from 2018 to 2019. Six NADC34‐like PRRSV strains were detected in samples from three Provinces, and the complete genomes of four of these strains were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel PRRSV strains belong to sublineage 1.5 (or NADC34‐like PRRSV), forming two groups in China. Sequence alignment suggested that these novel strains share the same 100‐aa deletion in the Nsp2 protein that was identified in IA/2014/NADC34 isolated from the United States in 2014. Recombination analysis revealed that five of eight complete genome sequences are derived from recombination between IA/2014/NADC34 and ISU30 or NADC30. The number and distribution of NADC34‐like PRRSVs is increasing in China. Importantly, compared with the currently endemic strain NADC30‐like PRRSV, NADC34‐like PRRSV has the potential to be an endemic strain in China. This study will help us understand the epidemic status of NADC34‐like PRRSV in China and provide data for further monitoring this type of PRRSV in China.     

Platysma skin flap: Laryngeal repair material to produce phonatory flap vibrational wave

The platysma skin flap was used for laryngeal reconstruction after vertical partial laryngectomy to improve the postoperative voice quality of patients with T2 and T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma. Sixty‐nine patients with unilateral T2 and T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma were included. Forty‐six patients received vertical partial laryngectomy, and a platysma skin flap was used for laryngeal reconstruction. The other 23 patients underwent transoral laser microsurgery. Subjective and objective examinations were performed to evaluate laryngeal morphology after the surgery. Acceptable voice quality was achieved for 46 patients who underwent vertical partial laryngectomy. Flap vibrational waves occurred in 19 cases (41.3%). The platysma skin flap is an ideal tissue for the reconstruction of articulation structure in open surgery of T2 and T3 unilateral glottic laryngeal carcinoma.     

Numerical modeling and simulations of type B aortic dissection treated by stent-grafts with different oversizing ratios

Retrograde type A dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair has been a major drawback of endovascular treatment. This study investigated the biomechanical mechanism of stent-graft-induced new lesions after implantation and analyzed the relationship between radial force and spring-back force of the stent-graft when it was implanted virtually under different oversizing ratios. Based on the computed tomography angiography images, a three-dimensional geometric model of a patient-specific aortic dissection was established. The stent was designed in CAD software and the stent-graft implantation procedure under different oversizing ratios was simulated in the finite element analysis software. Implantation simulations were performed six times for each stent-graft model under 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% oversizing ratios and the peak stress of the aorta was compared among groups. It was observed that the peak stress of the aorta was located where the proximal bare stent interacted with aortic wall and its value was increased by 62.2% from 0% to 15% oversizing ratio. The conclusions are reached that the long-term higher stress in the aortic wall may lead to the emergence of new lesions in these areas, and the radial force plays a key role in the formation of a new entry in the real aorta model.