Prostaglandin D2 measurement in nasal secretions is not a reliable marker for mast cell activation in atopic patients

Background Prosia gland in D2 (PGD2) is a very important mast cell product during the early-phase nasal allergic reaction. However, the quantification of PGD2 in nasal secretions has not yet been well established. Objective Quantitative determination of PGD2 in nasal secretions of atopic patients (n=17) after nasal allergen challenge (NAC) and in non-allergic healthy volunteers (n=10). Methods The nasal microsuction sampling technique was used to obtain the nasal secretions with an exactly known and minimally diluted volume. A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay was chosen to measure the more stable 11-methoxime derivative of PGD2. which was obtained after extraction in acelone/ethanol and conversion using methoxamine-HCl. The concentrations of PGD2 in nasal secretions obtained from 10 non-allergic healthy volunteers were used as reference values. Results There was no significant difference in the concentrations of PGD2 between men (median: 569pg/mL) and women (median: 407pg/mL), nor between the baseline concentrations from atopic patients (median: 410pg/mL) and non-allergic controls (median: 477 pg/mL). In the atopic patient group, PGD2 did not significantly increase during the entire sampling period after NAC. The absence of PGD2 response contrasted with the nasal symptoms manifested by sneezing, increased nasal airway resistance, and the significant increases of the concentrations of histamine, tryptase, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) 5min after NAC. Conclusion This observation suggests that the measurement of PGD2 alone in the nasal secretions does not give reliable information on mast cell activation during a nasal allergic reaction.     

肿瘤坏死因子刺激牛脑微血管内皮细胞释放内皮素-1及粉防己碱的拮抗作用

目的:观察肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）对培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞释放内皮素-1（ET－1）的刺激作用及粉防己碱（Tet）对ET－1释放的抑制作用。方法：放免测定法。结果：TNF在（l～100μg·L(-1)）之间能剂量依赖性的促进牛脑微血管内皮细胞释放ET-1，Tet（10(－6)～10(－4)mol·L(－1)）能拮抗TNF诱导的ET－1释放并呈量效关系。     

卡马西平多晶型的研究

红外吸收图谱与中国药典图谱不符合的卡马西平（Ａ晶），可通过用较高浓度乙醇使其转为Ｂ晶而符合规定，经￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ、ＭＳ、Ｘ线衍射分拆，证实该两种晶体为同质异晶。     

乙型肝炎患者可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平变化

本研究应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测了103例乙型肝炎各型患者及26倒乙肝病毒(HBV)携带者血清中可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)水平,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果发现:各型患者及HBV 携带者sIL-2R 水平均明显高于正常对照(P<0.01～0.001),其升高程度与病情轻重呈正比,在去除危重患者酶—胆分离时谷丙转氨酶(ALT)过低的影响后,sIL-2R 水平与ALT 有良好的正相关关系(r=0.38.p<0.05);作者认为sIL-2R 能够较好地反映疾病的活动状况,动态观察血清sIL-2R 水平的变化,对判断和评价HBV 感染后的病情演变及免疫失衡状态具有重要意义。     

Time-dependent Effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae Endotoxin on Hepatic Drug-metabolizing Enzyme Activity in Rats

The time-dependent effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin on hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent drug-metabolizing capacity (cytochrome P450 and b₅ content, activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase) and on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine have been determined in rats. Measurement of enzyme activity and antipyrine (after intravenous injection of 20 mgkg^?1) were performed 2, 24 and 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (1 mgkg^?1) and after repeated doses (once daily for 4 days). The contribution of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to the endotoxin-induced changes was also examined in rats pretreated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The systemic clearance of antipyrine and the activity of hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes were dramatically reduced 24 h after a single injection of endotoxin, but had returned to control levels by 96 h. The magnitudes of these decreases in these measurements after repeated doses of endotoxin were similar to those seen 24 h after the single dose. The systemic clearance of antipyrine correlated significantly with cytochrome P450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. In histopathological experiments, moderate hypertrophy of Kupffer cells was observed, with no evidence of severe liver-tissue damage. G-CSF pretreatment suppressed the increased plasma concentrations of TNFα produced 2 h after single endotoxin injection, but did not eliminate the endotoxin-induced decrease in the systemic clearance of antipyrine, suggesting that TNFα is not the sole component responsible for the reduction of cytochrome P450-mediated drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. These results provide evidence that a single intraperitoneal injection of 1·0 mgkg^?1 K. pneumoniae endotoxin in rats reduces hepatic P450 and b₅ levels, and reduces the activity of various cytochrome P450-mediated drug-metabolizing enzymes without causing severe liver-tissue damage. This suggests that the effect of endotoxin on hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug-metabolizing isozymes is non-selective.     

7种凝集素在乳腺癌的定位

应用7种凝集素的亲合组织化学染色法对94例不同的乳腺病变石蜡包埋切片进行定位。结果表明:凝集素受体在正常乳腺组织和良性病变中多定位于腺腔面,而在乳腺癌中则多分布于细胞浆内,提示凝集素有助于区别乳腺的良恶性肿瘤。     

Changes of hepatic and systemic haemodynamics following somatostatin administration in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis

Abstract Somatostatin has been used to effectively control acute variceal haemorrhage, with conjectured mechanisms on portal hypertension. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of somatostatin on hepatic and systemic haemodynamics in 15 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension. All patients received an intravenous, continuous infusion of somatostatin 250 μg/h, following a bolus injection of 250 μg. In systemic haemodynamics, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased ( P < 0.05), associated with a reflex bradycardia within 3 min following bolus injections, compared with basal values. The right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, inferior vena cava pressure, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance remained unaffected after drug infusion. In hepatic haemodynamics, the wedge hepatic vein pressure remained unchanged after drug administration. However, there was an increase in free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP; P < 0.05), and a trend toward a decrease in the hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG; P = 0.063), within 3 min after bolus injection. Furthermore, the hepatic blood flow decreased significantly at 10 and 30 min after somatostatin infusion ( P < 0.05). The effective sinusoidal perfusion assessed by indocyanine green infusion also decreased progressively at 10 min ( P = 0.057) and 30 min ( P < 0.05). We concluded that somatostatin, at the dose used in this study, caused a transient and bolus-related vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in increases in MAP and FHVP, a decrease in heart rate, and a trend toward lower HVPG. In addition, somatostatin reduced the hepatic blood flow and effective sinusoidal perfusion which may be hazardous to cirrhotic patients during variceal haemorrhage.     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺及与米力农治疗脓毒症心肌损伤的有效性及安全性评价

目的 探讨左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺、米力农治疗脓毒症心肌损伤的有效性及安全性。方法 选取脓毒症心肌损伤患者84例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为左西孟旦组、多巴酚丁胺组、米力农组,各28例,对比总有效率、可溶性髓样细胞触发性受体1(soluble myeloid cell trigger receptor-1,sTREM-1)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原14(soluble cluster of differentiation antigen 14,sCD14)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原163(soluble cluster of differentiation antigen 163,sCD163)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)、脑肽钠(brain natriupeptide, BNP)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(left ventricular end-systolic volume index, LVESVI)、左心室射血分数(le...     

基于多模态超声的颈动脉斑块致前循环卒中的风险分层研究

目的 探讨颈动脉斑块患者发生前循环缺血性卒中的临床及多模态超声(multimodal ultrasound, MMU)影响因素,构建基于超微血流成像技术(superb microvascular imaging, SMI)的风险分层预测模型。方法 回顾性分析颈动脉斑块患者683例,根据临床表现和多层螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)/核磁共振扫描(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI),分为前循环卒中组(n=301)和非前循环卒中组(n=382)。收集患者颈动脉斑块的MMU特征、临床和实验室检查数据,采用多因素二元Logistic回归分析筛选出前循环缺血性卒中的影响因素。构建列线图风险预测模型,进行模型验证与风险分层。结果 前循环卒中组和非前循环卒中组年龄、体重指数(body mass index, BMI)、饮酒史、吸烟史、脑梗死既往史、高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein, LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein, HDL)、同型半胱氨酸(hom...