同时测定乌梅中8种有机酸含量

目的：建立RP-HPLC同时测定乌梅中8种有机酸成分：草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、醋酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸。方法：在C₁₈柱上,用（NH₄）H₂PO₄-H₃PO₄水溶液(pH 2.8)作流动相,紫外检测器检测（214 nm）,流动相流速为0.5 mL·min^-1。结果：分别建立了8种有机酸成分的回归方程。草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、醋酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸的含量分别为1.29%,0.36%,1.82%,1.82%,2.09%,1.65%,16.0%,3.09%。结论：该方法操作简便,准确,快速,一次测定不超过10 min；不但可以作为中药乌梅有机酸成分的质量分析,也可用作为其他植物中有机酸的定量分析。     

胰头癌手术范围对预后的影响

目的: 探讨胰头癌切除范围对预后的影响。方法: 对比分析95例胰头癌患者中44例行经典胰十二指肠切除及51例行扩大胰十二指肠切除的生存期、手术并发症和死亡率等。结果: 扩大切除组和经典切除组术后1、3、5年存活率分别为72.5%、45%、17.5%和47.73%、19.35%、6.45%,两组间比较差异有显著性,扩大切除组1、3、5年存活率较经典切除组明显提高(P<0.05);两组手术并发症和死亡率 分 别 为 29.41%、5.88%和25%、4.55%,二者比较差异无显著性。结论: 扩大切除能改善胰头癌患者的预后。     

T_3对人神经干细胞分化过程中甲状腺激素受体表达的影响

目的　探讨三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)在神经干细胞 (NSC)分化中的作用以及甲状腺激素受体(TR)mRNA在NSC分化过程中的表达变化。方法　在体外成功诱导扩增NSC ,用T3 对NSC进行诱导分化 ,半定量RT PCR法检测NSC在分化前后TRsmRNA的表达变化 ,免疫细胞化学方法鉴定分化后的细胞类型。结果　T3 可诱导NSC分化为神经元、少突和星形胶质细胞 ,其中髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP)阳性细胞约占 80 %。当NSC分化时存在不同的TRsmRNA的时间顺序表达。结论　T3 能诱导NSC向胶质细胞分化 ,是少突胶质细胞分化的重要调控因子 ,并通过TRs的时间顺序表达来发挥其重要生理作用     

Burnout and psychological distress among nurses in a Nigerian tertiary health institution

Background

The role of nurses in the health care delivery system cannot be overemphasized. Nurses are needed at all levels of healthcare and the profession requires a lot of dedication, time and energy with regards to patient management and service delivery. This time investment and dedication to duty is likely to lead to burnout and psychological distress among the nurses.

Objective

This study assesses the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress among nurses working in Nigerian tertiary health institution.

Method

The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to assess 210 nurses working in this health institution for symptoms of burnout and psychological distress.

Results

High levels of burnout were identified in 42.9% of the respondents in the area of emotional exhaustion, 47.6% in the area of depersonalization and 53.8% in the area of reduced personal accomplishment, while 44.1% scored positive in the GHQ-12 indicating presence of psychological distress.

Conclusion

Prevalence of burnout and psychological distress is high among nurses.     

Protective and therapeutic effect of hydrogen sulfide on hemorrhagic cystitis and testis dysfunction induced with cyclophosphamide

Backround/aimCyclophosphamide (CP) is a drug used for treatment of many malignant diseases. However, it can cause serious side effects such as hemorrhagic cystitis and male infertility. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator and is suggested to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, dose-dependent effects of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and testicular dysfunction were investigated in rats.Material and methodsRats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control, CP, NaHS25 μmol/kg, NaHS50 μmol/kg, and NaHS100 μmol/ kg. After treatment for 7 days intraperitoneally (ip), a single ip dose of CP 200 mg/kg was given on the 8th day. Then, treatment was continued for 7 days. In bladder and testicular tissues, IL 6, IL 10, cGMP, NO, H2S, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. Histopathological examination with H&E staining, as well as immunohistochemical staining for acrolein in bladder and caspase-3 and APAF-1 in testis were performed.ResultsNaHS prevented the increased IL 6 and IL 10 values induced by CP as well as prevented the decrease in cGMP values associated with CP. There was no significant change in FSH values, but the LH value, which increased with CP, decreased with 25, 50, and 100 μmol/kg NaHS. In contrast, testosterone decreased in the CP group and increased in the treatment groups. NaHS was effective in many biochemical and histopathological parameters at 25 and 50 μmol/kg doses, and this effect decreased at 100 μmol/kg dose.ConclusionH2S has a protective and therapeutic effect on hemorrhagic cystitis and testicular dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide. It can be suggested that H2S is a promising molecule in facilitating cancer treatment.     

IL-21在ITP中的表达及大剂量地塞米松对其调控的研究

目的:探究免疫性血小板减少症(immunologic thrombocytopenia,ITP)与IL-21表达异常的相关性,同时探究大剂量地塞米松(high-dose dexamethasone,HD-DXM)冲击治疗ITP的疗效是否与IL-21有关。方法:抽取26例初诊ITP患者及24例健康人的外周血10 ml,密度梯度离心法获得血清及单个核细胞,分别采用流式细胞术和实时荧光定量PCR法检测单个核细胞IL-21的表达,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测ITP治疗前后及正常对照者血浆中IL-21,IFN-γ和IL-4的水平。结果:流式细胞术测定发现,ITP患者单个核细胞表面分子IL-21表达明显高于健康对照(13.07%vs 8.2%);ITP患者IL-21 mRNA(9.524±0.97)与健康对照组(3.701±0.60)存在显著统计学差异,经HD-DEX治疗后IL-21 mRNA的比率值(5.87±1.21)较治疗前显著降低(P0.01);ITP患者血清中IL-21和IFN-γ水平与健康对照组和HD-DEX治疗组相比均具有显著的统计学差异(P0.01);而IL-4在治疗后含量却上调,与治疗前相比有统计学意义。结论:IL-21的表达异常参与了ITP发病过程,地塞米松对ITP的疗效与下调IL-21表达有关。     

辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能障碍的治疗作用（英文）

目的：研究辛伐他汀对冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能障碍的干预作用。方法：90例冠心病患者按LDL-C水平分为三组：辛伐他汀20mg组（37例,LDL-C≥2.5mmol/L）,辛伐他汀10mg组（35例,2.5mmol/L〉LDL-C≥1.8mmol/L）,常规治疗组（18例,LDL-C〈1.8mmol/L,未服辛伐他汀）,疗程均为8周。应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量受试者肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）。应用硝酸还原酶法检测受试者一氧化氮（NO）的含量。常规检测血清TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C的浓度。结果：8周后,与治疗前比较,辛伐他汀20mg,10mg组TC、TG和LDL-C浓度明显下降（P均〈0.05）,而HDL-C明显升高（P均〈0.05）;辛伐他汀20mg组与10mg组间各指标差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;与常规治疗组比较,辛伐他汀20mg、10 mg组FMD[（6.01±0.49）%比（9.01±0.39）%比（9.01±0.47）%]明显改善（P均〈0.01）、血清NO含量[（38.97±8.89）μmol/L比（47.67±10.89）μmol/L比（45.61±9.09）μmol/L]明显升高（P均〈0.05）,辛伐他汀20mg、10 mg组两组间NO和FMD亦无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：辛伐他汀可增加冠心病患者一氧化氮含量,改善血管内皮细胞功能,其作用机制与降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白可能有一定关系,但该作用无明显的量效关系,可能独立于降脂作用之外。     

A high resolution CEPH crossover mapping panel and integrated map of chromosome 11

High resolution (0.1 cM) CEPH crossover mapping panels were constructed for chromosome 11. These panels will facilitate a transition from top- down physical and genetic mapping strategies to integrated breakpoint mapping strategies. Novel methods, which differ from other methods in overcoming the limitations of incomplete heterozygosity and variable marker density, were developed for creating the panels and integrated maps. This made it possible to identify and sublocalize the majority of crossovers in 61 families. The panels were used to map 139 microsatellite markers. A semi-integrated map and a fully-integrated map were constructed by combining these data with data from CEPH 7.1 and then integrating data from the radiation hybrid (RH) map. Genetic lengths estimated from the mapping panels were similar to the estimates obtained when all recombinant and non-recombinant offspring were included (189.4 cM in females and 126.1 cM in males), indicating that genetic distances are stable at this high marker density. The maps have a cM density of 0.62. The distance between ordered markers is 1.39-2.92 cM depending on the criterion for order and the extent of map integration. The 2D maps provide the resolution and flexibility needed to enhance current applications such as positional cloning and mapping complex disorders; while the mapping panels will greatly improve the resolution, reliability and efficiency of future genetic mapping.      

Cytotoxic effects of halogen- and light-emitting diode-cured compomers on human pulp fibroblasts

Objective.  The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of three different compomers (Dyract AP, Compoglass, and Hytac) cured using a halogen light-curing unit (LCU) and a light-emitting diode (LED) LCU on human pulp fibroblasts.
Methods.  Specimens of three compomers were added to human pulp fibroblast cultures. Cytotoxicity was evaluated over 96 h using the agar overlay method.
Results.  All three compomers tested were found to be moderately cytotoxic to human pulp fibroblasts, regardless of whether they were cured using halogen or LED LCUs. The decolorization zone of Hytac was significantly larger than those of the other compomers tested ( P  < 0.05). Dyract AP and Compoglass specimens showed greater decolorization when cured with LED than with halogen LCUs ( P  < 0.05).
Conclusion.  Compomers are potentially toxic to human pulp fibroblasts, and the type of curing unit may affect compomer toxicity.     

几丁糖预防肘关节粘连的临床研究

目的　研究医用几丁糖预防肘关节粘连的临床作用。方法　对 2 6例肘关节僵硬患者进行手术松解 ,其中 12例术后关节腔内涂布 2 %几丁糖 ,另 14例术后不用几丁糖作为对照组 ,观察术后肘关节伸屈活动度改善程度以评定疗效。结果　 2 6例均获随访 ,随访时间 8～ 5 1个月 ,平均 2 4个月。几丁糖组术后肘关节平均活动度恢复到 92 .9°± 2 0 .9°,比术前增加 5 5 .0°± 15 .9°;对照组术后肘关节平均活动度恢复到 75 .4°± 17.5°,比术前增加38.2°± 11.9°。几丁糖组术后肘关节伸屈活动度增值明显大于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　医用几丁糖具有减轻或预防肘关节松解术后再粘连的形成。