Monitoring Hepatocyte Dysfunction and Biliary Complication After Liver Transplantation Using Quantitative Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy

The significance of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) for hepatic graft function assessment was established mostly on retrospective studies and was not widely recognized due to the lack of quantitative data and variation in accuracy. This prospective study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of quantitative HBS for assessing hepatocyte dysfunction and biliary complication in liver transplant recipients.In 57 recipients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation, a total of 67 dynamic ^99mTc-EHIDA scans were performed and quantitative parameters including the hepatocyte extraction fraction (HEF), time to maximum hepatic radioactivity (T_max), and time for peak activity to decrease by 50% (T_1/2) were calculated. The scintigraphic results based on the 3 parameters were compared against the final diagnosis. A ROC curve analysis was carried out to identify the cutoff value of T_max for diagnosis of biliary stricture. Correlation between the parameters of postoperative HBS and conventional biochemical liver function indices were also analyzed.Quantitative ^99mTc-EHIDA HBS had an overall sensitivity of 94.12% (16/17), specificity of 93.33% (42/45), and diagnostic accuracy of 93.55% (58/62) for detecting hepatocyte dysfunction and biliary complication in liver transplant recipients. The recommended cutoff value of T_max for diagnosis of post-transplant biliary stricture was set at 15.75 min with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 94.0%. The scintigraphic parameters (HEF, T_max) were statistically significantly associated with the conventional liver function parameters.Quantitative ^99mTc-EHIDA HBS offers a noninvasive imaging modality with high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose hepatocyte dysfunction as well as distinguish between patients with or without biliary stricture following liver transplantation. Furthermore, HEF and T_max values obtained from dynamic HBS show good correlation with conventional liver function parameters.     

癌症患者心理韧性质性研究的系统评价

目的 系统评价有关癌症患者心理韧性发展的真实体验,为更好地制定心理韧性干预方案提供理论依据。方法 计算机检索Cochrane Library、Medline、CINAHL、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Psyc INFO以及中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普、万方数据库从建库至2019年6月相关的质性研究。采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准（2016）对文献进行评价,采用汇集性整合方法进行结果整合。结果 共纳入10篇文献,提炼42个明确的结果,形成8个类别,汇总成3个整合结果。①心理韧性发展是动态循环的过程：危机负性期,调节成长期,积极转化期,循环强化期;②心理韧性的阻碍因素：个体（消极应对,错误认知,症状和体象困扰）,环境（传统社会文化,医疗环境,家庭负担）;③心理韧性的保护因素：个体（积极心理与应对方式,复原经历,宗教信仰,自我表露,利他主义与行为）,环境（家庭因素,医疗照护,人际支持）。结论 心理韧性的发展是动态循环过程,受个体和环境因素影响,医护人员应根据不同阶段的影响因素给予针对性护理措施,促进患者心理韧性的形成和发展,提高患者的生活质量。     

The Associations of Dietary Inflammatory Potential With Musculoskeletal Health in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older People: The Mr. OS and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) Cohort Study

Inflammation, an important contributory factor of muscle and bone aging, is potentially modulated by diet. This study examined the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) score with musculoskeletal parameters and related disease outcomes in 3995 community-dwelling Chinese men and women aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. DII score at baseline was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hand grip strength, gait speed, and chair stand test were measured at baseline, year 4, and year 14. The associations of DII score with the longitudinal changes of musculoskeletal parameters, and incidence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and fractures were examined by using general linear model, multinomial logistic regression model, and Cox proportional hazards regression model, respectively. After multiple adjustments, each tertile increase in DII score in men was associated with 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.64) kg loss in grip strength and 0.02 (95% CI, 0.01–0.03) m/s loss in gait speed over 4 years. In men, the highest tertile of DII was associated with a higher risk of incident fractures, with adjusted and competing death adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) of 1.56 (1.14–2.14) and 1.40 (1.02–1.91), respectively. In women, DII score was not significantly associated with any muscle-related outcomes or incidence of fracture, but a significant association between higher DII score and risk of osteoporosis at year 14 was observed, with the highest tertile of DII score having adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of 1.90 (1.03–3.52). In conclusion, pro-inflammatory diet consumption promoted loss of muscle strength and physical function, and increased risk of fractures in older Chinese men. Pro-inflammatory diets had no significant association with muscle related outcomes but increased the long-term risk of osteoporosis in older Chinese women. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

自然周期与促排卵周期联合宫腔内人工授精临床疗效的meta分析

目的系统评价自然周期和促排卵周期联合宫腔内人工授精(intrauterine insemination,IUI)对不孕患者治疗的有效性,旨在更合理有效的指导临床治疗。方法计算机检索2000年1月至2013年6月中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMDisc)、万方数据库、中国学术期刊网专题全文数据库(CNKI)、维普数据库、Pubmed、外文生物医学期刊文献数据(FMJS)中自然周期和促排卵周期联合IUI治疗不孕患者的随机对照试验(RCT)或临床对照试验。由2位评价员根据纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入9个研究,共8814个周期。Meta分析结果显示:对行IUI的不孕症患者,促排卵周期组与自然周期组相比,妊娠率[OR=1.47,95%CI(1.26,1.72),P0.00001]、流产率[OR=2.49,95%CI(1.49,4.16),P=0.0005]、多胎率[OR=6.94,95%CI(1.94,24.83),P=0.003]均大于自然周期组,且差异有统计学意义;OHSS发生率[OR=4.17,95%CI(0.74,23.49),P=0.11]和宫外孕发生率[OR=2.22,95%CI(0.92,5.37),P=0.08]无明显差异。结论对自然周期和促排卵周期联合IUI治疗不孕患者的有效性而言,促排卵周期组能更好的改善其妊娠率,但其流产率和多胎率的发生较高,因此促排卵方案用于IUI时,其疗效及安全性需要进行更多的临床研究。由于纳入文献存在质量和数量不足以及方法学差异,本研究结论仅作为临床分析的参考,尚需后效评价和不断更新。     

地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片对慢性特发性荨麻疹患者的临床疗效及情绪的影响

目的 探讨分析地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片对慢性特发性荨麻疹(CIU)患者的临床疗效及负面情绪的影响.方法 选取本院2018年2月～2020年6月住院治疗的80例CIU患者作为主要研究对象,按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组40例患者予以地氯雷他定治疗,观察组40例患者予以地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片治疗.观察比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应发生率、复发率,及治疗前后的风团数目、风团大小、瘙痒评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评分和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)评分.结果 (1)观察组患者临床总有效率(95.00％)高于对照组(72.50％)(P＜0.05).(2)观察组患者的风团数目减少、风团变小、瘙痒评分降低,改善优于对照组(P＜0.05).(3)观察组患者的不良反应发生率(5.00％)低于对照组(7.50％)(P＜0.05),观察组患者的复发率(2.50％)低于对照组(15.00％)(P＜0.05).(4)观察组患者的HAMA评分和HAMD评分低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 地氯雷他定联合雷公藤多苷片可有效缓解CIU患者的瘙痒症状,减少风团数目,缓解患者负面情绪,且不良反应较少,患者复发率较低,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用.     

Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for clinical assessment of vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is responsible for multiple metabolic functions in humans. Rickets are the most common disease caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is caused by poor calcium intake resulting in poor serum-ionized calcium. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive, and feasible method to determine the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in blood samples for clinical assessment. In this study, gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry with trimethylsilyl derivatization (TMS-GC-MS) is the most suitable protocol for quantitative analyses of 25(OH)D3. Performance of method was evaluated and compared with liquid chromatography and immunoassay. Method validation has been carried out with plasma specimens. The limit of quantitation of TMS-GC-MS method is 1.5 ppb with good linear correlation. Furthermore, the dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and non-vegetarians in Taiwan were assessed by our validated method. As a result, this vitamin D nutrition survey demonstrates that most Taiwanese people have insufficient vitamin D. Due to dietary habits; the male vegans may have the highest risk of vitamin D deficiency.     

立家之本:血管外科开放手术

近年来,血管外科腔内治疗手段飞速发展和进步,因其创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快及对患者一般情况要求较宽松等优势,使得很多临床医生和患者更倾向于通过腔内手段治疗血管疾病,逐渐忽视了外科手术治疗的重要性,甚至出现忽视患者病情的个体情况而盲目选择腔内治疗的趋势。作为血管疾病治疗的重要方式,开放手术乃是血管外科的立家之本,是血管外科临床医生的基本技能,在很多情况下有着不可替代的作用,应当再次被强调、被重视。     

WT1基因与急性髓系白血病的预后及主动特异性免疫治疗的研究进展

WT1基因位于人类染色体11p13，在80%的急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）患者中高表达，是AML预后不良的分子标志，可作为AML预后评估和微小残留病变（minimal residual disease，MRD）监测的有效指标。由于WT1在AML中均有异常高表达，故认为是一种AML抗原，可作为特异性免疫治疗的新靶点。一些小规模的临床试验证实以WT1为靶点的免疫治疗是有效的、安全的，这些免疫治疗可作为那些有高危复发风险及初始标准化疗失败的AML患者的辅助治疗。本文就近几年WT1与AML的预后及有关以WT1为靶点的主动特异性免疫治疗的研究进展予以综述。