胎儿先天性心脏病筛查方法的研究

为尽早确诊胎儿先天性心脏病(简称先心病),对200例胎儿进行B超心动图检查,发现心脏异常36例(18%),其中先心病26例(13％)。测定有高危因素的103例孕母血清风疹病毒抗体IgM,10例阳性(9.7％),其中7例胎儿有先心病(70%),其灵敏度为70％,特异度为92.3％,可做为胎儿先心病的筛查方法。两项检查合用,可提高胎儿先心病的诊断水平。同时提示胎儿超声心动图检查中增加卵圆孔直径和血流的评定可作为房间隔缺损的诊断标准。     

心脏瓣膜替换术体外循环搏动性血流灌注临床应用研究

本文报道心脏瓣膜病二尖瓣替换或二尖瓣加主动脉瓣双瓣膜替换术６５例,用双盲法选择病例,其中体外循环搏动性血流灌注３３例,平流灌注３２例,两组比较：搏动组心脏自动复跳率明显提高,术中尿量明显增加,术后用呼吸机时间明显缩短,差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜００１）,肢体末梢皮肤温度恢复时间提前,应用心肌正性肌力药例数,时间明显减少,两组差异明显（Ｐ＜００５）,血红蛋白尿例数有所增高,血小板计数（ＰＣ）及术后引流量差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）,随搏动时间的延长,血浆游离血红蛋白呈进行性增高,平均每３０ｍｉｎ增高６ｍｇ,差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜００１）。研究证明搏动性血流灌注明显优于平流灌注。     

用125I-M胆碱受体亚型特异抗体测定大鼠脏器M受体亚型的分布

目的人类多种疾病在Ｍ胆碱受体（Ｍ－ＡｃｈＲ）亚型的分布上有差别。本研究旨在根据Ｍ受体的氨基酸序列,合成人工多肽抗原,研究大鼠主要脏器Ｍ受体亚型的分布。方法制备特异性Ｍ１和Ｍ２受体抗体,用１２５标记两种抗体,注射到大鼠体内。结果研究显示Ｍ１和Ｍ２受体在大鼠心脏、肝脏、气管平滑肌、肾脏及肺组织中分布不同。结论人工抗体抗原诱发的Ｍ受体亚型抗体特异性好,为进行Ｍ受体亚型检测提供比较简便、可靠的方法。     

细胞形态学在鉴别噬血细胞综合征和恶性组织细胞病中的价值初探

目的　探讨细胞形态学在鉴别噬血细胞综合征(HS)和恶性组织细胞病(MH)的诊断价值。方法　应用瑞-姬氏染色,普通光镜下对39例HS和42例MH患者的骨髓片、外周血片、外周血液浓缩片中的细胞形态学进行了详细观察,并结合外周血涂片碱性磷酸酶染色的结果进行了综合分析。结果　HS与MH在骨髓和外周血中的细胞数量及形态学变化方面均有明显不同,外周血涂片碱性磷酸酶染色亦存在明显差异。结论　细胞形态学检查是鉴别HS与MH的重要手段,在确诊HS与MH方面具有重要价值。     

自体颅骨深低温保存再植修补与有机玻璃修补的对比研究

目的 :通过深低温冷冻自体颅骨瓣与有机玻璃修补颅骨缺损的对比分析 ,探讨自体颅骨瓣经深低温冷冻再植修补的优点和完善措施。方法 :对 3 5例患者行自体颅骨瓣深低温冷冻后再植修补其颅骨缺损 ,通过皮下积液及感染发生率、大体观察、X线检查、组织病理学变化、平均手术时间等方面研究 ,并与同期 4 6例采用有机玻璃修补颅骨缺损的患者做对比。结果 :自体骨瓣深低温冷冻保存后再植修补明显优于有机玻璃修补 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :深低温冷冻保存自体骨瓣修补颅骨缺损具有诸如形态上符合头部生理、皮下积液及感染机会少、尤其适用于儿童、可明显缩短手术时间等优点 ,其社会效益和经济效益很大。     

应用脉冲多普勒估测右心室dp／dtmax方法的评价

目的通过动物实验及临床研究评价右心室射血期肺动脉脉冲多普勒频谱参数估测右心室收缩功能的可行性。方法6条健康犬及25例先心病患儿。1.在右心室正性肌力及改变前后负荷干预下,观察实验犬血流频谱最高速度（Vp）、加速时间（AT）、平均加速度（Am）及Vp2／AT等肺动脉射血期脉冲多普勒参数与右心室dp／dtmax的关系。2.测算先心病患儿上述各肺动脉射血期血流频谱参数并与心导管造影术中右室dp／dtmax测值比较。结果1．实验犬中仅Vp及Vp2／AT在右心室正性肌力及前后负荷干预下始终与右室dp／dtmax呈高度相关。2先心病患者肺动脉血流Vp、Am及Vp2／AT与右心室dp／dtmax成非常显著相关。结论右室Vp及Vp2／AT可用于右空心肌收缩力的估测。     

Comparison of air-displacement plethysmography with hydrostatic weighing and bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in healthy adults

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, considerable attention has been paid to accurately measuring body composition in diverse populations. Recently, the use of air-displacement plethysmography (AP) was proposed as an accurate, comfortable, and accessible method of body-composition analysis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of percentage body fat (%BF) by AP and 2 other established techniques, hydrostatic weighing (HW) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), in adults. DESIGN: The sample consisted of healthy men (n = 23) and women (n = 24). %BF was measured by AP, HW, and BIA. RESULTS: In the total group, %BF(AP) (25.0+/-8.9%) was not significantly different from %BF(HW) (25.1+/-7.7%) or %BF(BIA) (23.9+/-7.7%), and %BF(AP) was significantly correlated with %BF(HW) (r = 0.944, P < 0.001) and with %BF(BIA) (r = 0.859, P < 0.01). Compared with HW, AP underestimated %BF in men (by -1.24+/-3.12%) but overestimated %BF in women (by 1.02+/-2.48%), indicating a significant sex effect (P < 0.05). The differences in estimation between AP and BIA and between BIA and HW were not significantly different between the sexes. CONCLUSION: AP is an accurate method for assessing body composition in healthy adults. Future studies should assess further the cause of the individual variations with this new method.     

Plutonium fecal and urinary excretion functions: derivation from a systemic whole-body retention function.

Liver-bile secretion directly influences the content of plutonium in feces. To assess the reliability of plutonium metabolic models and to improve the accuracy of interpreting plutonium fecal data, we developed a compartmental model that simulates the metabolism of plutonium in humans. With this model, we can describe the transport of plutonium contaminants in the systemic organs and tissues of the body, including fecal and urine excretions, without using elaborate kinetic information. The parameter values of the models, which describe the translocation rates and recycling of plutonium in the body, can be derived from a multi-term exponential systemic function for whole-body retention. The analytical derivations and algorithms for solving translocation parameter values are established for the model and illustrated by applying them to the biokinetics and bioassay of plutonium. This study describes how to (1) design a physiological model for incorporating liver biliary secretion and for obtaining a fecal-excretion function, (2) develop an analytical solution for identifying the translocation-parameter values incorporating the recycling of plutonium in the body, and (3) derive a set of urinary and fecal excretion-functions from a published systemic whole-body retention function, generally acknowledged to be accurate, as a real and practical example.     

Regulatory T cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. I. Frequency and specificity analysis in normal and immune rats of a T cell subset that inhibits disease

We have shown previously that administration of myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells to naive Lewis rats induces not only autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) but also a near total resistance to subsequent disease. By isolating the effector cells that are responsible for the resistance, we demonstrated that disease protection paralleled with increased numbers of a CD8+ regulatory T cell (RTC) subset and that co-injection of this RTC subset with encephalitogenic T cells aborted the pathogenic activity of the latter cells. Here, we show that a radio-sensitive splenic population of RTC also exists in naive rats that can be recruited and activated to inhibit the onset of secondary episodes of adoptive EAE. In co-transfer experiments, this protective RTC subpopulation can be isolated to neutralize the pathogenic activity of stimulatory MBP-reactive T cells in vivo. We show that the frequency of RTC with specificity for MBP-reactive T cells in naive rats is two orders of magnitude higher than the frequency of MBP-specific precursors, the activity of RTC increases substantially with age and RTC frequencies increase as a consequence of immunization with MBP-reactive cells lines. In specificity studies, we show that RTC isolated from naive rats and RTC from animals primed with one MBP-reactive cell line show cross-reactive responses to a variety of different MBP-reactive T cell lines. However, following repeated stimulation with a given MBP line, these RTC display a more limited, clonotypic response to the selecting line and assume a uniform CD8 phenotype. Finally, functional studies with RTC indicate that proliferative and lytic specificities do not necessarily correlate and that activated rat RTC are especially lytic for a Fas-sensitive murine cell line.