计算机辅助下Chiari骨盆截骨和股骨短缩旋转截骨治疗儿童髋臼发育不良并髋关节脱位的初步应用

目的评估计算机辅助设计下Chiari骨盆截骨和股骨短缩旋转截骨治疗儿童髋臼发育不良并髋关节脱位的术前评估、手术设计以及术后效果分析的可行性。方法自2007年7月～2009年4月,在12例(12髋)Chiari髋臼周围截骨和股骨短缩旋转截骨术中使用基于三维CT重建的计算机辅助技术。其中男7例(7髋),女5例(5髋);年龄3～12岁,平均6岁。术前行髋关节螺旋CT扫描并进行三维重建,使用三维辅助截面技术对股骨头覆盖程度进行评估。通过该程序对Chiari髋臼周围截骨和股骨短缩旋转截骨术进行模拟操作,记录模拟手术中髋臼截骨块内移的距离及股骨短缩距离与旋转角度,作为实际手术的参考。术后复查髋关节X线片,对手术效果进行分析。结果 12髋术前外侧CE角平均为13.5°(8～23°),臼顶倾斜角平均为37.7°(18～50°),股骨前倾角为87.2°(81～95°),三维辅助截面的股骨头实际覆盖率平均为9%(0%～20%)。术后平均外侧CE角为33.1°(23～49°),臼顶倾斜角为13.1°(11～21°),三维辅助截面的股骨头实际覆盖面积平均为91.4%(85%～94%),股骨前倾角为13.5°(13～25°)。结论计算机辅助技术对Chiari骨盆截骨和股骨短缩旋转截骨的术前设计具有较高的准确率和可信度,能够直观、立体地再现髋臼发育不良的畸形特点;模拟截骨操作可使术者了解合适的截骨位置和旋转角度,以指导实际的截骨手术。     

胃癌组织中Omi/HtrA2的表达及与预后的关系

目的 探讨丝氨酸蛋白酶Omi/HtrA2在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌临床病理特征及预后的关系.方法 采用免疫组化法检测68例胃癌组织、15例癌旁组织及15例正常胃黏膜组织中Omi/HtrA2的表达,并分析其表达与胃癌临床病理特征及预后的关系.结果 Omi/HtrA2在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为73.5%（50/68）,高于癌旁组织（13.3%,2/15）和正常胃黏膜（6.7%,1/15）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.胃癌组织中Omi/HtrA2的表达与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小及浸润深度无关（P＞0.05） 与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移和临床分期有关（P＜0.05）.本组胃癌患者5年总体生存率为63.3%,其中Omi/HtrA2表达阳性组和阴性组分别为72.0%和61.1%,两组比较,差异并无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 Omi/HtrA2在胃癌组织中高表达,其表达与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关,但并不影响胃癌患者的预后.     

Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for T2 Gallbladder Cancer Following Surgical Resection

Background

Depth of tumor invasion is an important prognostic factor for gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological prognostic factors of T2 gallbladder cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data and survival for 83 patients with T2 gallbladder cancers who underwent surgical resection between January 1995 and December 2007.

Results

The overall survival rates were 48.9% at 3 years and 29.3% at 5 years. Univariate analysis revealed that R0 resection (P?<?0.001), extended surgery (P?=?0.028), lymph node dissection (P?=?0.024), non-infiltrative tumors (P?=?0.001), well differentiation (P?=?0.001), absence of lymphatic (P?=?0.025), perineural (P?=?0.001), and vascular (P?=?0.025) invasion, absence of lymph node metastasis (P?=?0.001), negative resection margin (P?=?0.016), and stage (P?=?0.002) were significantly better predictors for survival. A significant difference in survival between Rx and R1 was not found. R0 resection, lymph node dissection, well differentiation, and absence of perineural and vascular invasion were significantly independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Recurrence occurred in 48 patients (57.8%). Age older than 65 years, R0 resection, non-infiltrative tumors, and good differentiation were significant independent predictors of disease-free survival by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

For T2 tumors, radical surgery including lymph node dissection should be performed to achieve R0 resection. Tumors with infiltrative types and suspicious lymph node metastasis in the intraoperative findings were candidates for aggressive surgical management to improve patient survival.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎

呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP）是重症加强治疗病房最常见的院内感染,而患者的病死率与VAP密切相关。如何预防,早期诊断及治疗仍然是VAP患者救治领域的难题。本文将对VAP的诊断,治疗及预防做一概述。     

散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变的研究

目的检测BRCA1和BRCA2基因在散发性乳腺癌中的突变情况,探讨BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变与乳腺癌的关系。方法选取2000年12月至2005年9月收治的144例乳腺癌患者标本作实验组,另取非癌乳腺组织标本30例作对照组。用酚-氯仿抽提法提取DNA。针对各个外显子的碱基序列特征,设计有助于筛查基因碱基突变的聚合酶链反应（PCR）引物。每例DNA标本均用PCR扩增BRCA1基因的全部22个外显子和BRCA2基因的exon10和exon14两个外显子。分别将每例外显子的PCR扩增产物进行单链构象多态性分析,对泳动变位或出现异常区带的PCR扩增产物进行DNA测序。结果对照组未检测出BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变,实验组中检测出20例BRCA1基因碱基改变,总突变率为13．9％,其中错义突变率为11．1％。BRCA2基因exon10和exon14未检测出突变。结论BBCA1突变与乳腺癌密切相关,筛查BRCA1基因突变对于中国人群乳腺癌患病风险评估、早期诊断及基因治疗具有重要意义。     

2型糖尿病与结直肠癌的关系

目的:探讨结直肠癌患者中伴发2型糖尿病的比例,以及2型糖尿病对结直肠癌患者围手术期并发症和预后的影响.方法:回顾分析472例住院结直肠癌患者的空腹血糖,计算2型糖尿病患病率,用logistic回归分析2型糖尿病及年龄、性别、BMI等因素与结直肠癌围手术期并发症的相关性,用Cox模型分析2型糖尿病等因素与结直肠癌预后的关系.结果:结直肠癌患者中2型糖尿病的患病率为7.83%,标准化患病率为3.99%,与全国糖尿病标准化患病率比较有统计学差异(P＜0.01).2型糖尿病患者结直肠肿瘤切除术后发生感染的风险较大,RR＝3.543(P＝0.035).2型糖尿病对结直肠癌根治术后的生存没有显著影响(P＝0.060).结论:结直肠癌患者中2型糖尿病的患病率较普通人群高;伴有2型糖尿病的结直肠癌患者手术后较容易发生各种部位的感染;本研究未发现2型糖尿病对结直肠癌根治术后生存有显著的影响.     

结直肠癌手术死亡相关因素分析

目的:研究旨在探讨结直肠癌手术死亡相关的临床病理影响因素.方法:回顾中山大学肿瘤防治中心1964年1月至2004年12月经手术治疗的4498例结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料,应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析手术死亡的相关影响因素.结果:全组手术死亡者共62例,手术死亡率为1.38%,主要死亡原因为多器官功能衰竭、中毒性休克、心血管疾病、急性肾功能衰竭、吻合口漏等.单因素分析显示,性别、术前基础疾病、术前合并症、腹水、手术年代、手术性质、Dukes分期、术后并发症等为影响手术死亡的因素,而年龄、肿瘤部位、组织类型、病理分级与手术死亡无关.多因素分析表明,术前基础疾病、术前合并症、腹水、手术年代、手术性质、Dukes分期、术后并发症是结直肠癌手术死亡的独立影响因素.结论:术前基础疾病、术前合并症、腹水、手术年代、手术性质、Dukes分期、术后并发症是结直肠癌手术死亡的独立影响因素.     

展望受体低氧预适应在原位肝移植中的应用

了解原位肝移植过程中无肝期门静脉淤血引起的肠道淤血性缺氧对肝完全缺血再灌注损伤的影响以及肠道缺氧低氧耐受的内源性保护机制。采用文献回顾的方法加以综述。对肝移植受体肠道黏膜屏障功能的保护可减轻移植肝脏再灌注损伤。受体低氧预适应可能为移植肝脏再灌注损伤的保护提供一条全新的途径。     

Pregnancy after TVT-O: case report and literature review

A 37-year-old woman previously treated with TVT-O developed recurrent symptoms of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Symptoms started to develop later in the second trimester and progressed gradually to affect her quality of life at the end of pregnancy. In the event she had a very quick spontaneous vaginal delivery at 40 weeks’ gestation. Postnatal physiotherapy successfully controlled the incontinence symptoms and urodynamic studies demonstrated no incontinence with a stable bladder and a normal flow rate. The patient remains well 2 years following delivery with no further treatment.     

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among patients receiving clozapine

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder receiving clozapine with a matched comparison group from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHOD: Ninety-three outpatients and a matched group of 2,701 comparison subjects were compared according to National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Outpatient data were obtained through physical assessments, laboratory testing, and reviews of medical records. RESULTS: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher among clozapine patients (53.8%) than among the comparison group (20.7%). For clozapine patients, logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations with age, body mass index, and duration of clozapine treatment. Only age and body mass index were associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving clozapine are at significantly increased risk for developing the metabolic syndrome. Psychiatrists and other providers should consider performing regular physical health monitoring to prevent long-term adverse health consequences.