热休克反应对大鼠感染性脑水肿脑组织诱生型一氧化氮合酶mRNA表达的影响

:探讨热休克反应 (HSR)对百日咳杆菌所致的大鼠感染性脑水肿诱生型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)mRNA表达的影响。方法 :从大鼠左侧颈内动脉注入百日咳菌液制备感染性脑水肿 (感脑 )模型 ,采用组织细胞原位杂交技术检测脑组织iNOSmRNA的表达。结果 :生理盐水组、4h感脑组及 4h热休克处理组均未见iNOSmRNA表达 ,8h ,2 4h时感染性脑水肿组均有明显的杂交信号 ,以 2 4h更为明显 ;而 8h ,2 4h热休克处理组仅有少数细胞有阳性信号。结论 :热休克反应对感染性脑水肿的保护作用可能与抑制iNOSmRNA的表达有关     

神经移位修复臂丛神经根性撕脱伤

１９８７年７月～１９９４年６月，对２１例臂丛神经根性撕脱伤采用神经移位修复。其中复合移位４组神经（膈神经、副神经、颈丛运动支、肋间神经）者１例，３组（膈神经、副神经、颈丛运动支）者６例，２组（膈神经、副神经）者９例，１组（膈神经或颈丛运动支或肋间神经）者５例。术中发现臂丛神经变异１例，对４例合并锁骨下动脉损伤者，在神经移位的同时进行血管修复，促进患肢的血液循环，有利于神经的康复。随访到１９例，随访时间为８个月～６年２个月，优良率达７３．７％。认为，神经移位术是修复神经根性撕裂伤的常规方法，合并血管损伤者也应同时修复，对促进神经功能恢复有利     

Preparation and evaluation of lectin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of thymopentin.

The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate lectin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of thymopentin. Thymopentin loaded PLGA nanoparticles (TP5-NPs) were prepared by a double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Novel WGA-PLGA conjugates were synthesized by coupling the amino groups of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to the carbodiimide-activated carboxylic groups of PLGA, and were incorporated into nanoparticles preparation to take mucoadhesive properties. Important characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, storage stability, as well as in vitro drug release behavior were investigated. The retention of biorecognitive activity of WGA after covalent coupling was confirmed by haemagglutination test. In vitro experiments with pig mucin (PM) demonstrated that the conjugation of WGA enhanced the interaction about 1.8-4.2 fold compared with that of the non-conjugated nanoparticles, and still exhibited sugar specificity. The pharmacodynamical studies on oral administration of WGA-TP5-NPs were performed in FACScan flow cytometry. The values of CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios were significantly increased compared with that of TP5-NPs (p<0.01). The enhanced uptake was related to the increasing of WGA content on nanoparticles. These results confirmed that the conjugation of WGA onto PLGA nanoparticles effectively improved the intestinal absorption of TP5 due to specific bioadhesion on GI cell membrane.     

支气管结核在纤维支气管镜下治疗方法的探讨

目的 :探讨支气管结核在纤维支气管镜下治疗的方法及价值。方法 :对 2 5例支气管结核病人 ,在全身抗结核治疗的同时分别实施镜下注药治疗、微波接触式辐射治疗和球囊扩张术 局部注药治疗。结果 :在全身抗结核治疗的同时运用上述几种镜下治疗方法 ,支气管局部病灶较镜下治疗前均有明显好转。结论 :利用纤维支气管镜对支气管结核病人进行局部治疗 ,可加快病灶的吸收和症状的改善 ,值得推广应用     

用Alabama分析法比较安氏Ⅰ类错中国人与美国白人颅颌面结构差异

目的:研究中国安氏Ⅰ类错成人与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人牙颌颅面形态结构的差异。方法:从西安市11所大学2098名新生中选取符合标准的101名(男53名、女48名)安氏Ⅰ类错样本。拍摄头颅定位X线片,用第四军医大学口腔医学院头影测量软件测量,用Alabama分析法与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人颅颌面测量结果进行比较分析。结果:中国西安地区安氏Ⅰ类错成人上下颌突度大,面型较突;平面倾斜度、上下中切牙倾斜度及下中切牙至NB线距均较大;Y轴相对SN平面夹角增大,生长方向为后下。结论:与美国安氏Ⅰ类错白人比较,中国西安地区安氏Ⅰ类错成人颅面结构呈现颌骨突度大、下切牙唇倾及下颌趋向后下等特征。     

心脏跳动下修补小儿室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的　探讨在浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下完成小儿室间隔缺损修补术的可行性。方法　 18例小儿室间隔缺损随机分为观察组和对照组 ,观察组在浅低温体外循环心跳下修补室间隔缺损 ,对照组为常规心脏停跳下修补室间缺损。测定心肌同功酶释放和三磷酸腺苷 ,观察左室压力 ,评价术野显露及气栓预防效果等。结果　观察组心肌同功酶释放明显低于对照组 ,三磷酸腺苷含量明显高于对照组 ,心肌超微结构基本正常 ,术中左室压力低于主动脉压力 ,术后无气栓发生。结论　浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下行小儿室间隔缺损修补术能更好地保护心肌。术野显露技术和防气栓的方法简便可行。     

Interleukin-18 Affects Local Cytokine Expression But Does Not Impact on the Development of Kidney Allograft Rejection

Interleukin-18 is predominantly a macrophage-derived cytokine with a key role in inflammation and cell-mediated immunity. Having previously demonstrated IL-18 upregulation in a rat model of kidney rejection, here we examined IL-18 in a fully MHC-mismatched murine model of acute kidney rejection using IL-18-deficient recipients (IL-18-/-) and animals administered neutralizing IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Gene expression of IL-18 and its receptor were significantly upregulated in allografts compared to isografts, as was the cellular infiltrate (T cells and macrophages) (p < 0.001). Allografts developed kidney dysfunction (p < 0.05) and tubulitis (p < 0.01) not observed in controls. There was a significant reduction in gene expression of IL-18 downstream pro-inflammatory molecules (iNOS, TNFalpha and IFNgamma) in IL-18-/- recipients (p < 0.01), and IL-18BP-treated animals. The CD4+ infiltrate and IL-4 mRNA expression was greater in the IL-18-/- recipients than wild-type (WT) allografts and IL-18BP-treated animals (p < 0.05), suggesting a Th2-bias which was supported by IFNgamma and IL-4 ELISPOT data and an increased eosinophil accumulation (p < 0.001). Neither IL-18 deficiency nor neutralization prevented renal dysfunction or tubulitis. This study demonstrates increased production of IL-18 in murine kidney allograft rejection and provides evidence that IL-18-induced pathways of inflammation are active. However, neither IL-18 deficiency nor neutralization was protective against the development of allograft rejection.     

老年患者不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的术式选择

目的探讨不同的内固定方式在老年患者不稳定性股骨转子间骨折治疗中的应用。方法参照Evans分型,85例老年患者股骨转子间骨折,不稳定性77例,稳定性8例,分别应用不同内固定治疗,其中Gamma钉20例、重建钉25例、动力髋部螺钉(DHS)和动力髁部螺钉(DCS)40例。结果术后随访79例,均获得骨折愈合,愈合时间4～7个月,平均5.2个月,其中大于5°髋内翻者有12例。根据患者骨折愈合、关节活动、主观感觉与生活能力恢复等因素制定疗效评定标准,优良率为84.8%(67例)。未发生因本手术所致内科合并症加重或患者死亡。结论髋内翻是老年患者不稳定性股骨转子间骨折内固定术后的主要并发症。Evans分型对选择内固定具有指导意义。结合老年患者骨质疏松情况,针对不同骨折类型选用适当的内固定器械,可以提高不稳定性转子间骨折的疗效。     

富氧对海拔3700m高原人体运动心力储备的影响

目的　探讨富氧对高原人体运动心力储备方面的影响。方法　对海拔 3 70 0m高原的 1 2名健康青年富氧 (氧浓度为 2 4%～ 2 5 %)前后分别进行踏阶运动 ,采用心力监护仪采集和记录心动周期和心力信息 ,把完成规定运动量运动后第一心音 (S1 )幅值对安静时S1 幅值增加的相应倍数评估心肌收缩能力储备指数 (CCRI) ;利用舒张期和收缩期时限数据计算舒张期 /收缩期比值 (D/S比 )。结果　运动后较安静时HR ,D/S ,S1 幅值均增高 ,有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;富氧运动较未富氧运动CCRI,D/S ,S1 幅值增高 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,HR无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　高原低氧环境下心脏储备主要是心肌收缩能力储备而不是心率储备。富氧对增强机体心力储备具有重要作用     

长沙市小学生焦虑障碍现状调查

目的　初步了解小学儿童焦虑障碍的患病现况。方法　使用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表 (SCARED)调查长沙市某小学 2～ 6年级的 5 6 5名小学生 ,并对量表总分≥划界分 (2 3分 )的学生进行面谈。结果　在 5 6 5名小学生 (男生2 90名 ,女生 2 75名 )中 ,SCARED筛查阳性的有 14 0名 ,占总人数的 2 4 78%。使用中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准 (第三版 ) (CCMD 3)对筛查阳性者进行面谈 ,发现符合焦虑障碍诊断标准的 32例 (男 15 ,女 17) ,患病率为 5 6 6 % ,其中儿童分离性焦虑症 7例 ,患病率为 1 2 4 % ;儿童广泛焦虑症 11例 (1 95 % ) ;儿童恐惧症 10例 (1 77% ) ;儿童社交恐惧症 14例(2 4 8% ) ;有 8例存在 2～ 3种焦虑障碍共病 ;无 1例诊断为学校恐怖症、选择性缄默症和惊恐发作。结论　在儿童中焦虑情绪存在较普遍 ,这对儿童的学习、行为、自我意识造成不良影响 ,应予以积极干预。