No primary association between the 308 polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor α promoter region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Whereas TNF-α has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IDDM, its possible role as a primary genetic susceptibility factor has not been well investigated. In this study, we analyzed a biallelic polymorphism in the TNF-α promotor region in a large collection of IDDM patients and controls ascertained from two ethnic populations (U.S. Caucasians and Chinese in Taiwan). We report that the associations with TNF-α are due to linkage disequilibrium between TNF-α and the DR3-DQB1*0201 haplotype in both ethnic populations. Our analyses of extended haplotypes for the HLA region further substantiate the conclusion that no primary association exists between IDDM and the TNF-a promoter polymorphism.     

Transracial evidence for the influence of the homologous HLA DR-DQ haplotype on transmission of HLA DR4 haplotypes to diabetic children

The HLA-DQB1*0302 allele on DR4 haplotypes is a marker for type 1 diabetes susceptibility and it is an especially high-risk allele in DR3/4 because of its preferential distribution in Caucasian DR3/4 patients. In Asians, not only DQB1*0302 but also DQB1*0401 on DR4 haplotypes are associated with type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether the contribution of these DQ molecules was also genotype-dependent in Asians. Although the prevalence of the DR4-DQB1*0302 haplotype did not differ in patients vs. controls, the DR3/4-DQB1*0302 genotype had a RR of 12 (P<10(-4)). Moreover, a significant association of DQB1*0302 with the DR3/4 genotype was found (RR=3, P<10(-2)). In contrast, the distribution of DQB1*0401 alleles of DR4/X (X: other than 3, 4) is different from that of DR3/4 and DR4/4. Especially a significant association of DQB1*0401 with DR4/X (X: other than 1, 3, 4) was found (RR=3, P<10(-3)). The frequency of transmission of the DR4-DQB1*0302 haplotypes to diabetic offspring with DR3 was 80%, while to those without DR3 was 40%. In contrast, the transmission of the DR4-DQB1*0401 to those with DR3 was 60%, while to those without DR3 was 80%. High-risk DR4 subtypes were predominant in DR4/X (RR=7, P<10(-3)), whereas protective DR4 subtypes were observed mainly in the DR3/4 (RR=3, P<0.05). The association with diabetes and transmission to a diabetic offspring of DR4 haplotypes varies depending on the haplotype borne on the homologous chromosome. This might contribute not only to the synergistic effect of DR3/4, but also to the susceptibility influence of HLA DQB1*0401 alleles confined to DR4/X.     

突触囊泡蛋白在视网膜母细胞瘤中分布的免疫组化研究

用免疫组化方法研究了人视网膜母细胞瘤中触囊泡蛋白的分布。结果表明部分视网膜母细胞瘤瘤细胞有突触囊泡蛋白阳性反应。认为瘤细胞中突触囊泡蛋白的含量越多，瘤细胞分化程度越高残留视网膜中突触囊泡蛋白主要分布于内网层，外网层很少或无，明显不同于正常视网膜中突触囊泡蛋白的分布。     

胎鼠和新生小鼠表皮郎格汉斯细胞的组织化学和电镜组化研究

用ATP酶组织化学、电镜组化和图像分析方法,研究胎鼠和新生小鼠表皮内郎格汉斯细胞的发育.结果表明:第16天胎鼠表皮中开始出现ATP酶阳性郎格汉斯细胞,电镜组化观察郎格汉斯细胞的胞膜表面有ATP酶反应物沉积。图像分析结果证实,随着表皮分化,郎格汉斯细胞数量迅速增长,细胞的周长、面积和ATP酶反应物的灰度也逐渐增大。出生后4～5天郎格汉斯细胞的结构和数量均与成鼠相似,ATP酶含量也达成鼠的水平。     

TNP-ATP-resistant P2X ionic current on the central terminals and somata of rat primary sensory neurons

P2X receptors have been suggested to be expressed on the central terminals of A delta-afferent fibers innervating dorsal horn lamina V and play a role in modulating sensory synaptic transmission. These P2X receptors have been widely thought to be P2X2+3 receptors. However, we have recently found that P2X receptor-mediated modulation of sensory transmission in lamina V is not inhibited by trinitrophenyl-adenosine triphosphate (TNP-ATP), a potent antagonist of P2X1, P2X3 homomers, and P2X2+3 heteromers. To provide direct evidence for the presence of TNP-ATP-resistant P2X receptors on primary afferent fibers, we examined alpha,beta-methylene-ATP (alpha beta meATP)-evoked currents and their sensitivity to TNP-ATP in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. alpha beta meATP evoked fast currents, slow currents, and mixed currents that contained both fast and slow current-components. Fast currents and fast current components in the mixed currents were both completely inhibited by 0.1 microM TNP-ATP (n = 14). Both slow currents and slow-current components in the mixed currents showed broad spectrum of sensitivity to 1 microM TNP-ATP, ranging from complete block (TNP-ATP-sensitive) to little block (TNP-ATP-resistant). TNP-ATP-resistant currents evoked by 10 microM alpha beta meATP could be largely inhibited by 10 microM iso-pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid. Cells with P2X currents that were highly resistant to TNP-ATP were found to be insensitive to capsaicin. These results suggest that TNP-ATP-resistant P2X receptor subtypes are expressed on capsaicin-insensitive A delta-afferent fibers and play a role in modulating sensory transmission to lamina V neurons.     

用配体结合放射自显影定位分析过敏性哮喘豚鼠肺M胆碱能受体的变化

本文采用放射自显影受体显示技术，对豚鼠肺组织的Ｍ胆碱能受体进行了定位和定量研究，并分析了卵白蛋白过敏性哮喘状态下其分布密度的变化。结果表明：豚鼠肺组织内的Ｍ受体主要集中在各级支气管平滑肌层上，其中支气管平滑肌上的Ｍ受体银颗粒密度最大，依次的分布密度为小支气管平滑肌〉细支气管平滑肌〉支气管粘膜上皮和腺体〉末梢肺泡区，血管壁平滑肌上的Ｍ受体银颗粒数几乎为零。同对照组相比哮喘动物肺组织的Ｍ受体银颗粒数有     

氢化可的松对胎鼠和新生鼠郎格汉斯细胞的影响——酶组化、电镜组化和图像分析

用免疫抑制剂氢化可的松体外处理胎鼠和新生鼠表皮.观察它对郎格汉斯细胞数量和结构的影响.结果如下:(1)经氢化可的松处理的表皮内郎格汉斯细胞数量减少,细胞结构发生退行性变化.(2)图像分析显示,随氢化可的松浓度增大,郎格汉斯细胞数量和ATP酶组化染色反应的灰度逐渐下降.(3)经lmg/ml的氢化可的松处理后,郎格汉斯细胞线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网扩张,细胞膜上的ATP酶反应减弱.但表应用质形成细胞超微结构未见改变.该研究为临床延长移植异体皮片存活期提供了形态学资料.     

电针对哮喘豚鼠肺中β受体和cAMP及其肺条气管条对异丙肾上腺素反应的影响

本文采用放射配基结合分析法和蛋白结合分析法,分别测定接受或未接受电针刺激的哮喘豚鼠肺组织中β-受体最大结合量(Bmax)和cAMP含量,并测定离体肺条和气管条对异丙肾上腺素(IS0)的反应性。结果表明;(1)哮喘豚鼠肺组织中β-受体Bmax值和cAMP含量明显低于对照组。(2)哮喘豚鼠肺条和气管条对ISO松弛反应的量效曲线明显右移,ED_(50)值明显高于对照组。(3)电针刺激可使哮喘豚鼠肺组织内β-受体Bmax值,肺条和气管条对ISO反应性维持在正常水平。但电针刺激对正常豚鼠未见有影响。     

针灸治疗慢性疲劳综合征选穴规律研究

目的：运用数据挖掘技术分析针灸治疗慢性疲劳综合征（CFS） 的选穴规律,并探讨高频核心穴 位的用穴思路及其病机。方法：通过检索建库至2022 年4 月15 日的中国知网、万方数据库、维普平台中针灸 治疗CFS 的相关临床文献,按纳入和排除标准筛选文献,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 对数据进行频数分析及 普通类分析,采用IBM SPSS Modeler18.0 软件进行关联规则分析（Aprior 算法分析）、聚类分析,并绘制复杂 网络图。结果：共筛选出符合要求的文献141 篇,提取出152 组腧穴处方。针灸治疗CFS 使用频次前5 位的 腧穴是足三里、三阴交、百会、关元、肾俞;最常选取的经脉为膀胱经、任脉、督脉;特定穴方面,主要以交 会穴（365 次）、五输穴（274 次）、背俞穴（249 次） 为主。关联规则分析所获最紧密的穴对为足三里→三阴 交,足三里→关元,三阴交→百会、足三里。聚类分析所获4 类处方中,以第1 类处方中以脾俞、肝俞、肾 俞、心俞、肺俞为基本穴位,第2、3、4 类处方中穴位为辨证配穴。结论：针灸治疗CFS 以补虚为要,取五 脏背俞穴为基本处方,根据不同临床表现,可联合应用交会穴及五输穴并随症加减治疗。     

亚剂量氯胺酮辅助全凭静脉麻醉对行腹腔镜胆囊术老年患者术后认知功能与炎症因子的影响

探讨亚剂量氯胺酮辅助全凭静脉麻醉对行腹腔镜胆囊术老年患者术后认知功能与炎症因子的影响。方法南通大学附属医院2015 年2～10 月收治的80 例腹腔镜胆囊手术老年患者依据随机数字表法分为两组：对照组采用全凭静脉麻醉;观察组采用亚剂量氯胺酮辅助全凭静脉麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、患者认知功能及炎症因子水平变化。结果观察组患者停止麻醉药后10、30 和60 min时Ramsay 评分低于对照组（p <0.05）;观察组患者拔管1 和3 h,术后1、3和7 d 时的MMSE 评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（p <0.05）;两组患者切皮前、胆囊切除时和拔管30 min 时血清炎症因子水平较术前升高（p <0.05）,且观察组各时间点炎症因子水平低于对照组（p <0.05）;观察组腹腔镜胆囊术老年患者术后3 d 谵妄和认知功能障碍发生率低于对照组（p <0.05）;观察组腔镜胆囊术老年患者麻醉后恢复情况（拔管时间、苏醒时间和定向力恢复时间）优于对照组（p <0.05）;观察组不良反应率低于对照组（p >0.05）。多元线性回归分析表明TNF-α、IFN-γ 和IL-6 与患者MMSE 评分存在线性回归关系（p <0.05）。结论亚剂量氯胺酮辅助全凭静脉麻醉能够有效降低腹腔镜胆囊术老年患者术后认知功能障碍,抑制炎症因子释放,维持患者血流动力学稳定,麻醉效果良好,提高了患者围手术期的安全性。