Effective intubation technique to manage the airway obstruction in A case of Pierre Robin sequence: A case report

The case was a 4‐day‐old boy referred to the hospital with a diagnosis of Pierre Robin Sequence and with airway Obstruction. Using a laryngoscope in the hyperextended position and putting pressure on the cricoid, the vocal cords were visualized, and with the help of an assistant, the intubation was performed.     

Bilateral atonic pupils after cataract surgery.

This case report describes the unusual finding of bilateral atonic pupils after cataract extraction by phacoemulsification in an 84-year-old woman with multiple cardiopulmonary risk factors.     

Effect of cognitive load on postural control

The present study reports findings from two experiments on the relation between a mental task (silent backward counting) and posture. The first experiment included 30 normal subjects and the second experiment 20 normal subjects. In Experiment 1 postural sway and performance of the mental task were measured in a 2 x 2 dual-task design (with or without mental task and calf stimulation). In Experiment 2 a similar design was used, the only difference being that during trials without the mental task, subjects were instructed to focus on their balance and provide a rating of body sway. Results showed that balance perturbation led to decreased performance on the cognitive task in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. The mental task led to less body sway, while focused attention attenuated the effect. In conclusion, control of body sway and cognitive functioning are to some extent related.     

Oxidized LDL metabolites with high family risk for premature cardiovascular disease

Objective: Considering the importance of primary prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) from childhood, especially in children with high family risk for premature atherosclerosis, and also the importance of oxidized LDL in the process of atherosclerosis, the main metabolites of ox-LDL i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Conjugated diene (CDE) have been measured in children of high risk families and compared with a control group.Methods: Children and adolescents (6–18 years) of parents with premature myocardial infarction (Ml ≤ 55y in men and ≤ 65y in women), were selected as the case group. The control group included neighbors of the case group matched for age and socioeconomic status. All samples have been selected by simple random sampling. Both the case and control groups were divided in two subgroups : those with a total cholesterol and/or LDL-C ≥95th centile and those with normal lipid levels. Each subgroup consisted of 32 subjects, so 128 subjects were studied (64 in the case and 64 in the control group). MDA and CDE were measured by spectrophotometry using molar absorbivity. Data were analyzed by SPSS_v10/Win software using ANOVA, Bon-ferroni, Scheffe-Duncan, Tukey-HSD, and the Student’s t-test.Result: The mean MDA value in the case and control groups was significantly different (1.84 ± 0.43 vs. 1.67 ± 0.41 Μmol/L, p=0.03), but this difference was not significant regarding the mean CDE level (0.50 ± 0.05 vs. 0.47 ± 0.04 Μmol/ L, p>0.05). The mean MDA level in the case group with hyperlipidemia was significantly higher than that in the case group without hyperlipidemia (1.985 ± 0.516 vs. 1.690 ± 0.366, Μmol/L, P=0.02) and also higher than control group with or without hyperiipidemia (1.985 ± 0.516 vs. 1.720 ± 0.389,1.615 ± 0.429 Μmol/L respectivety, P<0.05). The mean CDE level in the case group with hyperiipidemia was significantly higher than the case group without hyperlipidemia (0.542 ± 0.034 vs. 0.494 ± 0.049 Μmol/L, P=0.04) and higher than the control group with or without hyperiipidemia (0.542 ± 0.034 vs. 0.464 ± 0.051, 0.484 ±0.048 Μmol/L respectively, p<0.05). In case boys with hyperiipidemia, the mean MDA (2.03 ± 0.2 Μmol/L) and the mean of CDE (0.56 ± 0.04 Μmol/L) was significantly higher than other subgroups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in children with high family risk for premature CVD, special attention should be paid to consumption of foods and seasoning containing antioxidants from childhood especially in high risk families.     

Multifocal pigmented villonodular synovitis in a child

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare benign disorder and usually affects young and middle-aged adults. It occurs either as a localised pedunculated form or more common diffuse form, and is almost always unifocal. Only few cases of multifocal involvement have been reported, all of them in children. Multifocal pigmented villonodular synovitis occurring in a 5-year-old girl is presented. Both her knees and left elbow were involved. All three lesions were of localised pedunculated type and were completely excised. She is believed to be one of the youngest patients reported.     

Compartment syndrome: an unusual course for a rare disease

We report a case of compartment syndrome of the left upper limb following hemorrhage due to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in a 45-year-old man. As far as we know, there is not such a report in the literature. We discuss clinical manifestations, electrophysiologic findings, differential diagnosis, and management of the patient. A high degree of awareness for an early diagnosis may participate to improve the poor prognosis.     

Molecular screening of unculturable bacteria present in men with reproductive failure

Objective  To determine the presence of unculturable bacteria using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in infertile men with pyosperrmia. Design  Perspective clinical study. Setting  The study took place at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Owaisi Hospital and Research Center; In vitro Fertilization Unit, Mahavir Hospital and Research Center; Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology; and Bharat Biotech Foundation, Hyderabad, India. Patients  A total of 68 infertile men and 15 donors, all with no symptoms of genito-urinary tract infections and sterile semen cultures were included in the study. Interventions  None. Main outcome measures  Screening bacteria using routine bacterial cultures and PCR based screening with universal eubarterial primers. Results  The statistical analysis of all the semen parameters in asthenazoospermic, azoospermic, ceyptazoospermic, severe oligospermic and mild oligospermic patients were found to be significant compared with the controls. All the groups were found to be significant compared with the controls (P < 0.05) except for volume and pus cells in the cryptozoospermia group. The Student’s t-test also was significant for the seminal parameters before and after treatment of 68 selected individuals with pyospermia and sterile cultures. A total of 44.11% (30/ 68) samples were collected from the negative culture of pyospermic infertile men have shown the presence of bacteria on amplification using PCR with universal eubacterial primers. The DNA was purified and sequenced. The sequences were checked for homology using DNASTAR and Ribosomal Data-Base Project II. A total of 90% of the samples have shown the nearest evolutionary relation to Pantoea P102 (AF394539) and 10% of samples have shown close relation with Burkholderia cepacia (AF042161). Conclusion  The routine bacteriological cultures were unable to detect certain bacterial species particularly with members of enterobacteriaceae family (Pantoea species). Polymerase chain reaction, when used for screening bacteria, can detect the unculturable form of bacteria in infertile men. No amplification for bacterial DNA was obtained in control samples (fertile men with sterile semen cultures.)